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19th century - Significant people | | 19th century - Significant people: Encyclopedia II - 19th century - Significant people | |
19th century - Anthropology.
Franz Boas
Edward Burnett Tylor
Karl Verner
Brothers Grimm
Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai
Johann Jakob Bachofen
19th century - Painters.
The Realism and Romanticism of the early 19th century gave way to Impressionism and Post-Impressionism in the later half of the century, with Paris being the dominant art capital of the world. 19th century painters included:
Paul Cezanne
EugĂ ...
See also:19th century, 19th century - Europe, 19th century - Americas, 19th century - Other regions, 19th century - Events, 19th century - 1800s, 19th century - 1810s, 19th century - 1820s, 19th century - 1830s, 19th century - 1840s, 19th century - 1850s, 19th century - 1860s, 19th century - 1870s, 19th century - 1880s, 19th century - 1890s, 19th century - Significant people, 19th century - Anthropology, 19th century - Painters, 19th century - Music, 19th century - Literature, 19th century - Science, 19th century - Philosophy and religion, 19th century - Politics, 19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions, 19th century - Decades and years | | | 19th century, 19th century - 1800s, 19th century - 1810s, 19th century - 1820s, 19th century - 1830s, 19th century - 1840s, 19th century - 1850s, 19th century - 1860s, 19th century - 1870s, 19th century - 1880s, 19th century - 1890s, 19th century - Americas, 19th century - Anthropology, 19th century - Decades and years, 19th century - Europe, 19th century - Events, 19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions, 19th century - Literature, 19th century - Music, 19th century - Other regions, 19th century - Painters, 19th century - Philosophy and religion, 19th century - Politics, 19th century - Science, 19th century - Significant people, List of wars 1800–1899, Timeline of 19th century Islamic history, France in the nineteenth century, Russian history, 1855-1892, Mid-nineteenth century Spain, 19th-century philosophy, Timeline of trends in music (1800-1899), Nineteenth century theatre, 19th century in games, 19th century in film | | |
| | | 19th century: Encyclopedia II - 19th century - Significant people
19th century - Significant people
- Gilbert and Sullivan, playwright, composer
- William Gilbert Grace, English cricketer
- Baron Haussmann, civic planner
- Sándor Körösi Csoma, explorer of the Tibetan culture
- Fitz Hugh Ludlow, writer and explorer
- Florence Nightingale, nursing pioneer
- Ignaz Semmelweis, proponent of hygenic practices
- Dr. John Snow, the founder of epidemiology
- F R Spofforth, Australian cricket
- Sitting Bull, a leader of the Lakota
- Chief Joseph, a leader of the Nez Percé
19th century - Anthropology
- Franz Boas
- Edward Burnett Tylor
- Karl Verner
- Brothers Grimm
- Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai
- Johann Jakob Bachofen
19th century - Painters
The Realism and Romanticism of the early 19th century gave way to Impressionism and Post-Impressionism in the later half of the century, with Paris being the dominant art capital of the world. 19th century painters included:
- Paul Cezanne
- Eugène Delacroix
- Caspar David Friedrich
- Antonio de La Gandara
- Théodore Géricault
- Vincent van Gogh
- Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
- Édouard Manet
- Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
- Camille Pissarro
19th century - Music
Sonata form matured during the Classical era to become the primary form of instrumental compositions throughout the 19th century. Much of the music from the nineteenth century was referred to as being in the Romantic style. Many great composers lived through this era such as Ludwig van Beethoven, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Frédéric Chopin and Richard Wagner. Others included:
- Hector Berlioz
- Johannes Brahms
- Anton Bruckner
- AntonĂn Dvořák
- Franz Liszt
- Felix Mendelssohn
- Modest Mussorgsky
- Franz Schubert
- Giuseppe Verdi
- Robert Schumann
19th century - Literature
On the literary front the new century opens with Romanticism, a movement that spread throughout Europe in reaction to 18th-century rationalism, and it develops more or less along the lines of the Industrial Revolution, with a design to react against the dramatic changes wrought on nature by the steam engine and the railway. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are considered the initiators of the new school in England, while in the continent the German Sturm und Drang spreads its influence as far as Italy and Spain.
The Goncourts and Emile Zola in France and Giovanni Verga in Italy produce some of the finest naturalist novels. Italian naturalist novels are especially important in that they give a social map of the new unified Italy to a people that until then had been scarcely aware of its ethnic and cultural diversity. On February 21, 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published the Communist Manifesto.
There was a huge literary output during the 19th century. Some of the most famous writers included the Russians Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekov and Fyodor Dostoevsky; the English Charles Dickens, John Keats, Oscar Wilde and Jane Austen; the Americans Edgar Allan Poe and Mark Twain; the French Victor Hugo, Jules Verne and Charles Baudelaire. Some others of note included:
- Charlotte Brontë
- Emily Brontë
- Lord Byron
- François-René de Chateaubriand
- Kate Chopin
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- Emily Dickinson
- Alexandre Dumas, père (1802-1870)
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Gustave Flaubert
- Margaret Fuller
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- Nikolai Gogol
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- Friedrich Hölderlin
- Heinrich Heine
- Henrik Ibsen
- Henry James
- Stéphane Mallarmé
- Herman Melville
- Aleksandr Pushkin
- Arthur Rimbaud
- George Sand (Amandine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin)
- Mary Shelley
- Stendhal (Marie-Henri Beyle)
- Robert Louis Stevenson
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Walt Whitman
- William Wordsworth
19th century - Science
The 19th century saw the birth of science as a profession; the term scientist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell. Among the most influential ideas of the 19th century were those of Charles Darwin, who in 1859 published the book The Origin of Species, which introduced the idea of evolution by natural selection. Louis Pasteur made the first vaccine against rabies, and also made many discoveries in the field of chemistry, including the asymmetry of crystals. Thomas Alva Edison gave the world light with his invention of the lightbulb. Karl Weierstrass and other mathematicians also carried out the arithmetization of analysis. Other important 19th century scientists included:
- Amedeo Avogadro, physicist
- Johann Jakob Balmer, mathematician, physicist
- Henri Becquerel, physicist
- Alexander Graham Bell, inventor
- Robert Bunsen, chemist
- Marie Curie, physicist, chemist
- Pierre Curie, physicist
- Christian Doppler, physicist, mathematician
- Michael Faraday, scientist
- Gottlob Frege, mathematician, logician and philosopher
- Carl Friedrich Gauss, mathematician, physicist, astronomer
- Josiah Willard Gibbs, physicist
- Ernst Haeckel, biologist
- Heinrich Hertz, physicist
- Alexander von Humboldt, naturalist, explorer
- William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, physicist
- Robert Koch, physician, bacteriologist
- Justus von Liebig, chemist
- James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist
- Gregor Mendel, biologist
- Dmitri Mendeleyev, chemist
- Nikola Tesla, inventor
19th century - Philosophy and religion
The Latter-day Saint religious movement was founded during the 19th century by Joseph Smith, Jr. and Brigham Young, which led to the set of doctrines, practices, and cultures called Mormonism. In 1844 a young merchant from Persia proclaimed that he was the Báb ("the Gate" in Arabic), founding the Bábà Faith and proclaimed to be the forerunner of "He whom God shall make manifest." In 1863, Bahá'u'lláh (a title meaning "In the Glory of God"), himself a follower of the Báb, proclaimed His mission as the Promised One of all religions. He is the founder of the Bahá'à Faith. Nikolai of Japan was a religious leader who introduced Eastern Orthodoxy into Japan.
Other prominent religious figures and philosophers of the 19th century include:
- Báb, Persian prophet and founder of BábĂsm
- Mikhail Bakunin, anarchist
- Auguste Comte, philosopher
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, philosopher
- Søren Kierkegaard, philosopher
- Karl Marx, political philosopher and economist
- John Stuart Mill, philosopher
- Friedrich Nietzsche, philosopher
- Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Hindu mystic
- Arthur Schopenhauer, philosopher
- Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, founder of French socialism
- William Morris, social reformer
19th century - Politics
- Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor
- Napoleon Bonaparte, French general, first consul and emperor
- John C. Calhoun, U.S. senator
- Henry Clay, U.S. senator
- Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America just before and during the American Civil War.
- Guiseppe Garibaldi, unifier of Italy and Piedmontese soldier
- William Lloyd Garrison, U.S. abolitionist leader
- William Ewart Gladstone, British prime minister
- Ulysses S. Grant, U.S. general and president
- Theodor Herzl, founder of modern political Zionism
- Andrew Jackson, U.S. general and president
- Thomas Jefferson, American statesman, philosopher, and president
- Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian governor; leader of the war of independence
- Hong Xiuquan, revolutionary, self-proclaimed Son of God
- Benjamin Disraeli, novelist and politician
- Libertadores, Latin American liberators
- Robert E. Lee, Confederate general
- Abraham Lincoln, U.S. president; led the nation during the American Civil War
- Mutsuhito, Japanese emperor
- István Széchenyi, aristocrat, leader of the Hungarian reform movement
- Queen Victoria, British monarch
- Klemens von Metternich, Austrian Chancellor
Other related archives"Long Nineteenth Century", 09, 15, 1789, 1800s, 1801, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1810s, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1820s, 1821, 1822, 1829, 1830, 1830s, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1837, 1839, 1840, 1840s, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1848, 1850, 1850s, 1851, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860s, 1861, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1869, 1870, 1870s, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1880s, 1882, 1884, 1885, 1888, 1890, 1890s, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1905, 1907, 1913, 1914, 1922, 19th century, 19th century in film, 19th century in games, 19th-century philosophy, 20s, 27, 28, 36, 47, 48, 49, 56, 58, 60, 60s, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 76, 77, 78, 84, 85, 90s, 95, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, Abraham Lincoln, Aleksandr Pushkin, Alexander Graham Bell, Alexander von Humboldt, Alexandre Dumas, père, Amedeo Avogadro, America, American, American Civil War, American Colonization Society, Andrew Jackson, Anglo-Zulu War, Anthropology, Anton Bruckner, Anton Chekov, Antonio de La Gandara, AntonĂn Dvořák, Argentina, Arthur Rimbaud, Arthur Schopenhauer, Athens, Auguste Comte, Australia, Austria, Austrian Empire, Austrian-Hungarian Dual Monarchy, Austro-Prussian War, Ayya Vaikundar, Bad Mergentheim, Bahá'u'lláh, Bahá'Ă Faith, Bahá'Ăs, Balkans, Barbary States, Barbary Wars, Barbary pirates, Baron Haussmann, Battle of San Jacinto, Battle of the Alamo, Belgian Revolution, Belgium, Benjamin Disraeli, Berlin Conference, Bessemer process, Bismarck, Boer Wars, Bolivia, Boxer Rebellion, Brazil, Brigham Young, Britain, British East India Company, British Empire, Brothers Grimm, Bulgaria, Báb, BábĂ, BábĂsm, California, California Gold Rush, Camille Pissarro, Canadian Confederation, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Carlist Wars, Caspar David Friedrich, Central Asia, Centuries, Charles Baudelaire, Charles Darwin, Charles Dickens, Charlotte BrontĂ«, Chief Joseph, Chile, China, Christian Doppler, Civil War, Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, Common Era, Concert of Europe, Confederacy, Confederate, Confederate States of America, Congress of Berlin, Congress of Vienna, Convention of Kanagawa, Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, Crimean War, Cuba, Danish, Denmark, Department stores, Dmitri Mendeleyev, Dominion of Canada, Dr. John Snow, Eastern Orthodoxy, Edgar Allan Poe, Edward Burnett Tylor, Egypt, Eight-Nation Alliance, Einstein, Emile Zola, Emily BrontĂ«, Emily Dickinson, England, Epidemiology, Eric Hobsbawm, Ernst Haeckel, Ethiopia, Eugène Delacroix, Europe, European, F R Spofforth, Felix Mendelssohn, Finland, Finnish War, First Geneva Convention, First Italo-Abyssinian War, First Sino-Japanese War, First Transcontinental Railroad, First World War, Fitz Hugh Ludlow, Florence Nightingale, France, France in the nineteenth century, Francis I, Franco-Prussian War, Franz Boas, Franz Liszt, Franz Schubert, François-RenĂ© de Chateaubriand, French, French Indochina, French Revolution, French intervention in Mexico, Friedrich Engels, Friedrich Hölderlin, Friedrich Nietzsche, FrĂ©dĂ©ric Chopin, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, George Sand, German, German Confederation, German Empire, Germany, Gilbert and Sullivan, Gilded Age, Giovanni Verga, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Verdi, Gottlob Frege, Great Britain, Great Powers, Great Railroad Strike, Greece, Greek War of Independence, Gregor Mendel, Gregorian calendar, Guiseppe Garibaldi, Gustave Flaubert, Haitian Republic founded., Harriet Beecher Stowe, He whom God shall make manifest, Hector Berlioz, Hegel, Heinrich Heine, Heinrich Hertz, Henri Becquerel, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Henrik Ibsen, Henry Clay, Henry James, Herman Melville, Holy Roman, Holy Roman Empire, Hong Xiuquan, Ignaz Semmelweis, Imperial Russia, Impressionism, India, Indian Wars, Indian rebellion of 1857, Industrial Revolution, International Red Cross, Irish Free State, Irish Potato Famine, István SzĂ©chenyi, Italy, James Clerk Maxwell, Jane Austen, January 24, Japan, Japanese, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, Jefferson Davis, Johann Jakob Bachofen, Johann Jakob Balmer, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johannes Brahms, John C. Calhoun, John Keats, John Stuart Mill, Joseph Smith, Jr., Josiah Willard Gibbs, Jules Verne, Justus von Liebig, Karl Marx, Karl Verner, Karl Weierstrass, Kate Chopin, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Ireland, Klemens von Metternich, Klondike Gold Rush, Korea, Lajos Kossuth, Lakota, Latin America, Latin American, Leo Tolstoy, Liberia, Libertadores, List of wars 1800–1899, Literature, Little Ice Age, London, London Underground, Long Depression, Lord Byron, Lord Kelvin, Louis Pasteur, Louisiana Purchase, Ludwig van Beethoven, Mail order businesses, Manhattan, Manifest Destiny, Margaret Fuller, Marie Curie, Mark Twain, Marx, Mary Shelley, Mediterranean, Meiji Restoration, Menlo Park, Mexican War of Independence, Mexican-American War, Mexico, Michael Faraday, Mid-nineteenth century Spain, Mikhail Bakunin, Modest Mussorgsky, Montenegro, Mormon, Mormonism, Mughal, Muhammad Ali, Music, Mutsuhito, Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon's, Napoleonic Wars, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Native Americans, New Haven, Connecticut, New Imperialism, New Zealand founded, Nez PercĂ©, Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai, Nikola Tesla, Nikolai Gogol, Nikolai of Japan, Nineteenth Century (periodical), Nineteenth century theatre, North Africa, North America, North German Confederation, Northern Ireland, Norway, Norwegian, October 2, Olympic games, Opium Wars, Opium wars, Oscar Wilde, Otto von Bismarck, Ottoman, Ottoman Empire, Pacific Ocean, Painters, Palace of Versailles, Paraguay, Paris, Paul Cezanne, Pax Britannica, Persian, Peru, Philippine-American War, Philippines, Philology, Philosophy, Piedmontese, Pierre Curie, Politics, Portugal, Portuguese, Portuguese Empires, Post-Impressionism, Postage stamps, Prussia, Public buses, Puerto Rico, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Qing, Qing Dynasty, Queen Victoria, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Realism, Reconstruction, Red Sea, Republic of Texas, Revolutions of 1848, Richard Wagner, Ridván, Robert Bunsen, Robert E. Lee, Robert Koch, Robert Louis Stevenson, Robert Schumann, Romania, Romantic, Romanticism, Rome, Russia, Russian, Russian Empire, Russian history, 1855-1892, Russo-Turkish War, Sakoku, Sam Houston, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Santa Ana, Savoy, Schleswig-Holstein, Science, Scottish, Scramble for Africa, Second French Empire, Second Industrial Revolution, Second Reich, September 7, Serbia, Shaka, Singapore, Sino-French War, Sitting Bull, Slavery, Slavery Abolition Act, Slavery banned in Brazil, Son of God, Sonata form, South Africa, South American Wars of Independence, South Tyrol, Southern Africa, Southwestern United States, Spain, Spanish, Spanish Inquisition, Spanish-American War, Stendhal, StĂ©phane MallarmĂ©, Subway, Suez Canal, Sweden, Sándor Körösi Csoma, Søren Kierkegaard, Taiping Rebellion, Taiwan, Tejas, Teutonic Knights, Texas Revolution, The Communist Manifesto, The Empire of Brazil, The Great Game, The Origin of Species, Theodor Herzl, Thiruchendur, Thomas Alva Edison, Thomas Edison, Thomas Jefferson, ThĂ©odore GĂ©ricault, Tibetan, Timeline of 19th century Islamic history, Timeline of trends in music (1800-1899), Treaty of LunĂ©ville, Treaty of San Stefano, Treaty of Versailles, Trentino, U.S., US, Ulysses S. Grant, Unification of Bulgaria, Union, United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain, United Kingdom of the Netherlands, United States, University of Berlin, Uruguay, Utah, Vatican State, Victor Emmanuel II, Victor Hugo, Victorian era, Victorian gold rush, Vincent van Gogh, WWI, Walt Whitman, War of 1812, War of the Pacific, War of the Triple Alliance, Waterloo, Wilhelm I, William Ewart Gladstone, William Gilbert Grace, William Lloyd Garrison, William Morris, William Thomson, William Whewell, William Wordsworth, Wounded Knee Massacre, Year Without a Summer, Yellowstone National Park, Zionism, Zulu, abolishes serfdom, annexing and conquering land, arithmetization of analysis, asymmetry of crystals, banned slavery throughout its domain, colonialism, cricket, culture, determinism, epidemiology, evolution, first, genetics, grid, historical era, hygenic practices, hyperpower, imperialism, impressionism, industrial revolution, invades and occupies Algeria, labor strike, lightbulb, modernization, natural selection, naturalism, oil refinery, positivism, power plant, purchased Alaska, raced to create empires of their own, railway, religion, revolutions in Europe in 1848, scientist, second, slave revolt in Haiti, slave states, slaves, socialism, steam engine, steel, telephone exchange, the Great Game, transatlantic telegraph cable, transcontinental railroads, war, year numbering, Édouard Manet
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Significant people", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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