1977: Encyclopedia - 1977

1977

1977 (MCMLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar).

1977 - Events

• January 10 - Major eruption of Mount Nyiragongo in eastern Zaire.
• January 17 - Gary Gilmore executed by a firing squad in Utah
• January 18 - Scientists identify a previously unknown bacterium as the cause of the mysterious "legionnaire's disease"
• January 18 - Australia experiences its worst railway disaster at Granville, near Sydney, in which 83 people died.
• January 19 - President Gerald Ford pardons Iva Toguri D'Aquino (aka "Tokyo Rose").
• January 19 - Snow falls in Miami, Florida. This is the only time in the history of the city that this occurred, and the farthest south a snowfall has been recorded in the United States.
• January 20 - Gerald Rudolph Ford, 38th President of the United States is succeeded by Jimmy Carter.
• January 21 - President Jimmy Carter pardons Vietnam War draft evaders.
• January 27 - Record company EMI sacks the controversial UK punk rock group the Sex Pistols.

1977 - February

• February 7 - The Soviet Union launches Soyuz 24.
• February 11 - A 20.2-kg (44-lb.-9-oz.) lobster is caught off Nova Scotia (heaviest known crustacean).
• February 18 - The Space Shuttle Enterprise test vehicle goes on its maiden "flight" while sitting on top of a Boeing 747.

1977 - March

• March 1 - Sara Lowndes Dylan files for divorce from her husband of 11 years, Bob Dylan
• March 4 - 1977 Bucharest Earthquake - kills more than 1,500
• March 9 - Approximately a dozen armed Hanafi Muslims take over three buildings in Washington, DC, killing one person and taking more than 130 hostages. The hostage situation ends two days later.
• March 27 - A collision between KLM and PanAm Boeing 747s at Tenerife, Canary Islands, kills 583, worst plane crash ever

1977 - April

• April 1 - Hay-on-Wye declares independence
• April 7 - German Federal Prosecutor Siegfried Buback and his driver are shot by two Red Army Faction members while waiting at a red light near his home in Karlsruhe. "The Ulrike Meinhof Commando" later claims responsibility
• April 7 - Toronto Blue Jays play their first-ever game of baseball against the Chicago White Sox
• April 28 - Stuttgart court sentences RAF members Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe to life imprisonment

1977 - May

• May 17 - The Likud lead by Menachem Begin wins the elections in Israel.
• May 23 - Scientists report using bacteria in lab to make insulin
• May 23 - Moluccan terrorists take over a school in Bovensmilde, northern Netherlands (105 hostages) and a passenger train in Bovensmilde-Assen route nearby (90 hostages) at the same time. June 11 Dutch Royal Marines storm the train - six terrorists and two hostages are killed
• May 25 - Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope opens in theaters.
• May 26 - George Willig climbed the South Tower of the World Trade Center.
• May 28 - In Southgate, Kentucky, the Beverly Hills Supper Club is engulfed in fire, killing 165 inside.
• May 29 - Indianapolis 500-Mile Race: A.J. Foyt becomes the first driver to win a to date record four times.

1977 - June

• June 5 - A coup takes place in Seychelles.
• June 5 - The first Apple II computers went on sale on this date.
• June 7 - After campaigning by Anita Bryant and her anti-Gay "Save Our Children" crusade, Dade County, Florida voters overwhelmingly vote to repeal the county's Gay rights ordinance, igniting a wave of violence against Gays across the United States.
• June 6-June 9 - Jubilee celebrations are held in the United Kingdom to celebrate twenty-five years of Elizabeth II's reign.
• June 10 - James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee (he was recaptured on June 13).
• June 15 - Spain has its first democratic elections after 41 years under the Franco regime.
• June 20 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules that states are not required to spend Medicaid funds on elective abortions.
• June 20 - Anglia Television broadcasts fake documentary "Alternative 3". it enters into conspiracy theory canon.
• June 22 - Robert Hillsborough, a Gay San Franciscan, is brutally stabbed to death just steps from his home by four youths, calling him "fag" and "queer" and allegedly shouting "this one's for Anita Bryant".
• June 25 - US man Roy Sullivan in struck by lightning for the 7th time
• June 26 - Some 200,000 Gays march through the streets of San Francisco, protesting Anita Bryant's homophobia and Robert Hillsborough's murder.

1977 - July

• July 4 - Manchester United manager Tommy Docherty is sensationally sacked by the club's directors.
• July 5 - Military coup in Pakistan Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto the very first elected Prime Minster of Pakistan overthrown.
• July 13 - The New York City Blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours and results in looting and other disorder.
• July 15 - Anti Drugs Campainer Donald Mackay disappears near Griffith N.S.W (New South Wales) presumed Murdered
• July 22 - The purged Chinese communist leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power as the "Gang of Four" is expelled from the Communist Party of China.
• July 28 - First oil through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System reaches Valdez, Alaska
• July 30 - Left-wing German terrorists Susanne Albrecht[1], Brigitte Mohnhaupt[2] and a third person assassinate Jürgen Ponto[3], chairman of the Dresdner Bank in Oberursel, West Germany

1977 - August

• August 3 - United States Senate Hearing on MKULTRA.
• August 4 - US President Jimmy Carter signs legislation creating the United States Department of Energy
• August 12 - NASA space shuttle makes its first test flight off the back of a jetliner
• August 15 - The Big Ear, a radio telescope operated by The Ohio State University as part of the SETI project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the "WOW!" signal for notation made by a volunteer on the project.
• August 16 - Elvis Presley dies at 42 at his home Graceland in Memphis, Tennessee.
• August 19 - Groucho Marx dies.
• August 19 - Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami of 1977
• August 20 - Voyager program: The United States launches the Voyager 2 spacecraft

1977 - September

• September 5 - Voyager program: Voyager 1 is launched after a brief delay
• September 5 - Hanns-Martin Schleyer, President of the Employers Association, is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany. Kidnappers kill three escorting police officers and his chauffeur. They demand release of Red Army Faction prisoners
• September 6 - (approx) - Steve Biko suffers a massive head injury in police custody in South Africa.
• September 7 - Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The US agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century
• September 8 - INTERPOL issues a resolution against piracy of video tapes and other material, which is still cited in warnings on videotapes and DVDs now.
• September 10 - Hamida Djandoubi is the last guillotine execution in France.
• September 11 - The last "wild" infection of smallpox is reported in Somalia.
• September 12 - Steve Biko dies of his injuries.
• September 21 - Nuclear-proliferation pact, curbing spread of nuclear weapons, is signed by 15 countries including the United States and USSR.
• September 28 - Porsche 928 debuts at the Geneva Auto Convention

1977 - October

• October 13 - Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction. See German Autumn
• October 17-October 18 - GSG-9 troopers storm a hijacked Lufthansa passenger plane in Mogadishu, Somalia - three of the four hijackers die
• October 18 - Red Army Faction members Andreas Baader, Jan-Carl Raspe and Gudrun Ensslin commit suicide in Stammheim prison. Irmgard Möller fails. Their supporters continue to claim they were murdered. Bodies are buried October 27
• October 19 - Kidnapped industrialist Hanns-Martin Schleyer is found killed in Mulhoull, France
• October 20 - Three members of rock group Lynyrd Skynyrd die in charter plane crash
• October 21 - The European Patent Institute is founded
• October 26 - The last natural case of smallpox was discovered in Merca district, Somalia. The WHO and the CDC consider this date the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, the most spectacular success of vaccination and, by extension, of modern science.

1977 - November

• November 6 - The Kelly Barnes Dam, located above Toccoa Falls Bible College near Toccoa, Georgia, fails, killing 39
• November 19 - Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel when he meets with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and speaks before the Knesset in Jerusalem, seeking a permanent peace settlement (much of the Arab world is outraged by the visit).
• November 22 - British Airways inaugurates regular London to New York City supersonic Concorde service

1977 - December

• December 1 - First flight of Lockheed's top-secret stealth project aircraft designated Have Blue, the precursor to the US F-117A Nighthawk.
• December 4 - Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor.
• December 4 - Malaysia Airlines Flight 653 is hijacked and crashed in Johor, Malaysia, killing 100.
• December 14 - Releasing of Saturday Night Fever film.

1977 - Unknown dates

• 2060 Chiron, first of the outer solar system asteroids known as Centaurs, discovered by Charlie Kowal.

• Color TV Game 6 is created by Nintendo.

• Portugal's traditional naming conventions change such that children's surnames can come from either the mother or the father, not just from the father.

• Chiara Lubich is awarded the Templeton Prize.

1977 - Births

1977 - January-March

• January 7 - Dustin Diamond, American actor
• January 8 - Amber Benson, American actress
• January 13 - Orlando Bloom, British actor
• January 22 - Hidetoshi Nakata, Japanese footballer
• January 26 - Vince Carter, American basketball player
• January 28 - Daunte Culpepper, American football player
• January 28 - Joey Fatone, American musician
• February 2 - Shakira, Colombian musician
• February 3 - Daddy Yankee, Latin Reggaeton musician
• February 5 - Ben Ainslie, British sailor
• February 8 - Yucef Merhi, Venezuelan artist
• February 11 - Randy Moss, American football player
• February 11 - Mike Shinoda, American musician
• February 16 - Ian Clarke, Irish computer scientist
• February 20 - Stephon Marbury, American basketball player
• February 21 - Kevin Rose, American television host
• February 22 - James Blunt, British musician
• March 1 - Rens Blom, Dutch athlete
• March 5 - Wally Szczerbiak, Spanish-born basketball player
• March 7 - Mitja Zastrow, German-born swimmer
• March 14 - Mervyn Colley, British kabbalist and ceremonial magician
• March 28 - Devon, American actress

1977 - April

• April 13 - Gerard Way, American singer (My Chemical Romance)
• April 14 - Sarah Michelle Gellar, American actress
• April 14 - Chandra Levy, American federal government intern (d. 2001)
• April 16 - Fredrik Ljungberg, Swedish football player
• April 21 - Jamie Salé, Canadian figure skater
• April 22 - Andruw Jones, Antillean baseball player
• April 23 - John Cena, American professional wrestler
• April 24 - Carlos Beltrán, Puerto Rican baseball player
• April 26 - Tom Welling, American actor

1977 - May

• May 10 - Nick Heidfeld, German Formula One auto racing driver
• May 13 - Samantha Morton, British actress
• May 14 - Roy Halladay, American baseball player
• May 14 - Ada Nicodemou, Australian actress
• May 23 - Ilia Kulik, Russian figure skater
• May 26 - Misaki Ito, Japanese actress

1977 - June

• June 1 - Danielle Harris, American voice actress
• June 8 - Kanye West, American rapper and record producer
• June 9 - Roopa Mishra, The first Oriya lady to top the Civils Services Examination of India and also the first married lady in India to achieve this feat in 2004.
• June 9 - Peja Stojakovic, Serbian basketball player
• June 14 - Chris McAlister, American football player
• June 16 - Kerry Wood, American baseball player
• June 19 - Peter Warrick, American football player
• June 20 - Stefán H. Ófeigsson, Icelandic space engineer.
• June 27 - Raúl, Spanish footballer

1977 - July-November

• July 1 - Jarome Iginla, Canadian hockey player
• July 1 - Liv Tyler, American actress
• July 8 - Milo Ventimiglia, American actor
• July 8 - Wang Zhizhi, Chinese basketball player
• July 10 - Schapelle Corby, Australian in Indonesian prison
• July 14 - Victoria, Princess of Sweden
• July 27 - Martha Anne Madison, American actress
• July 28 - Emanuel Ginóbili, Argentine basketball player
• July 31 - Tim Couch, American football player
• August 2 - Dave Farrel, American musician
• August 3 - Angela Beesley, British Internet entrepreneur
• August 3 - Tom Brady, American football player
• August 9 - Chamique Holdsclaw, American basketball player
• August 12 - Plaxico Burress, American football player
• August 13 - Michael Klim, Australian swimmer
• August 15 - Igor Cassina, Italian gymnast
• August 17 - Thierry Henry, French footballer
• August 25 - Jonathan Togo, American actor
• August 26 - Morris Peterson, American Basketball player
• August 27 - Deco, Portuguese footballer
• September 1 - Aaron Schobel, American football player
• September 11 - Ludacris, American rapper
• September 13 - Fiona Apple, American musician
• September 20 - Namie Amuro, Japanese singer
• September 28 - Se Ri Pak, South Korean golfer
• October 7 - Meighan Desmond, New Zealand actress
• October 11 - Claudia Palacios, Colombian journalist and newsreader
• October 14 - Kelly Schumacher, Canadian basketball player
• October 25 - Birgit Prinz, German footballer
• October 29 - Brendan Fehr, Canadian actor
• November 1 - Alistair Griffin, British singer/songwriter
• November 2 - Randy Harrison, American actor
• November 3 - Aria Giovanni, American model and actress
• November 10 - Brittany Murphy, American actress
• November 13 - Chanel Cole, New Zealand-born singer
• November 16 - Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian figure skater
• November 17 - Ryk Neethling, South African swimmer
• November 19 - Kerri Strug, American gymnast
• November 21 - Jonas Jennings, American football player
• November 28 - DeMya Walker, American basketball player

1977 - December

• December - Ahmed al-Nami, Saudi Arabian hijacker (d. 2001)
• December 3 - Adam Malysz, Polish ski jumper
• December 7 - Fernando Vargas, American boxer
• December 12 - Dahm triplets:
• December 12 - Erica, American model
• December 12 - Jaclyn, American model
• December 12 - Nicole, American model
• December 14 - KaDee Strickland, American actress
• December 18 - Ryan Scott Ottney, American comic book writer
• December 23 - Alge Crumpler, American football player
• December 30 - Laila Ali, American boxer
• December 30 - Kenyon Martin, basketball player

1977 - Deaths

1977 - January-March

• January 2 - Errol Garner, American musician (b. 1921)
• January 14 - Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1897)
• January 14 - Peter Finch, English-born actor (b. 1916)
• January 14 - Anaïs Nin, French author (b. 1903)
• January 17 - Gary Gilmore, American murderer (executed) (b. 1940)
• January 19 - Yvonne Printemps, French singer and actress (b. 1895)
• January 29 - Buster Nupen, South African cricketer (b. 1902)
• January 29 - Freddie Prinze, American actor and comedian (b. 1954)
• February 4 - Brett Halliday, American writer (b. 1904)
• February 11 - Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1902)
• February 27 - Allison Hayes, American actress (b. 1930)
• February 28 - Eddie 'Rochester' Anderson, American actor (b. 1905)
• March 4 - Andrés Caicedo, Colombian writer (b. 1951)
• March 11 - Ulysses S. Grant IV, American geologist and paleontologist (b. 1893)
• March 16 - Kamal Jumblatt, leader of the Lebanese Druze (b. 1917)
• March 18 - Marien Ngouabi, President of The Republic of the Congo (assassinated) (b. 1938)
• March 22 - A.K. Gopalan, Indian communist leader (d. 1904)

1977 - April-August

• April 21 - Gummo Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1892)
• May 5 - Ludwig Erhard, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1897)
• May 10 - Joan Crawford, American actress (b. 1905)
• June 3 - Archibald Vivian Hill, English physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886)
• June 16 - Werner von Braun, German-born rocket scientist (b. 1912)
• June 19 - Lady Olave Baden-Powell, English Chief Girl Guide (b. 1889)
• June 19 - Ali Shariati, Iranian sociologist (b. 1933)
• July 2 - Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born writer (b. 1899)
• July 9 - Alice Paul, American women's rights activist (b. 1885)
• July 13 - Carl Gustav von Rosen, Swedish pilot (b. 1909)
• July 23 - Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (b. 1915)
• August 4 - Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, English physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1889)
• August 14 - Ron Haydock, American actor, writer, and musician (b. 1940)
• August 16 - Elvis Presley, American singer and actor (b. 1935)
• August 19 - Groucho Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1890)

1977 - September-December

• September 1 - Ethel Waters, American singer (b. 1896)
• September 6 - John Edensor Littlewood, British mathematician (b. 1885)
• September 12 - Steve Biko, South African activist (b. 1946)
• September 13 - Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (b. 1882)
• September 16 - Marc Bolan, English musician (b. 1947)
• September 16 - Maria Callas, American-born soprano (b. 1923)
• October 14 - Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (b. 1903)
• October 20 - Members of the American rock group Lynyrd Skynyrd killed in a plane crash:
  • Cassie Gaines (b. 1948)
  • Steve Gaines (b. 1949)
  • Ronnie Van Zant (b. 1948)
• November 5 - René Goscinny, French comic book writer (b. 1926)
• November 8 - Bucky Harris, baseball player (b. 1896)
• November 11 - Greta Keller, Vienna-born cabaret singer and actress (b. 1903)
• November 15 - Princess Charlotte of Monaco (b. 1898)
• November 25 - Tommy Prince, Canadian war hero (b. 1915)
• December 19 - Jacques Tourneur, French director (b. 1904)
• December 24 - Samael Aun Weor, Columbian writer (b. 1917)
• December 25 - Charlie Chaplin, English-born comedian (b. 1889)

1977 - Nobel Prizes

• Physics - Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott, John Hasbrouck van Vleck
• Chemistry - Ilya Prigogine
• Physiology or Medicine - Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow
• Literature - Vicente Aleixandre
• Peace - Amnesty International
• Economics - Bertil Ohlin, James Meade

Category: 1977

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "1977", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977, used and available under the GNU Free Documentation License.