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1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand | | 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand: Encyclopedia II - 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand | | The U.S. government response to the embargo was quick, but of limited effectiveness. A National Maximum Speed Limit of 55 miles per hour (88 kilometers per hour) was imposed to help reduce consumption. This, incidentally, was claimed by some to have caused traffic fatalities to drop by 23 % between 1973 and 1974. As a result this law was not completely reversed until 1995. President Nixon named William Simon as an official "energy czar," and in 1977 a cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, which led to the creation of the United States' Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The ...
See also:1973 oil crisis, 1973 oil crisis - Origins of the 1973 world oil shock, 1973 oil crisis - World competition over resources, 1973 oil crisis - Founding of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - The Yom Kippur War, 1973 oil crisis - Arab oil embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Chronology, 1973 oil crisis - Immediate economic impact of the embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Price controls and rationing, 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand, 1973 oil crisis - Search for alternatives, 1973 oil crisis - Macroeconomic effects, 1973 oil crisis - Perception of the oil industry, 1973 oil crisis - Effects on international relations, 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - Notes and references | | | 1973 oil crisis, 1973 oil crisis - Arab oil embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Chronology, 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand, 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - Effects on international relations, 1973 oil crisis - Founding of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - Immediate economic impact of the embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Macroeconomic effects, 1973 oil crisis - Notes and references, 1973 oil crisis - Origins of the 1973 world oil shock, 1973 oil crisis - Perception of the oil industry, 1973 oil crisis - Price controls and rationing, 1973 oil crisis - Search for alternatives, 1973 oil crisis - The Yom Kippur War, 1973 oil crisis - World competition over resources, Energy crisis, Supply shock, Oil boom, 1979 energy crisis, Oil price increases of 2004, Hubbert peak theory, Boycott, Embargo | | |
| | | 1973 oil crisis: Encyclopedia II - 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand
1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand
The U.S. government response to the embargo was quick, but of limited effectiveness. A National Maximum Speed Limit of 55 miles per hour (88 kilometers per hour) was imposed to help reduce consumption. This, incidentally, was claimed by some to have caused traffic fatalities to drop by 23 % between 1973 and 1974. As a result this law was not completely reversed until 1995. President Nixon named William Simon as an official "energy czar," and in 1977 a cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, which led to the creation of the United States' Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The National Energy Act of 1978 was also largely a response to this crisis.
Year-round Daylight Saving Time was implemented: at 2:00 AM local time on January 6, 1974, clocks were advanced one hour across the nation; the move spawned significant criticism because it forced many children to commute to school before sunrise. As a result, the clocks were turned back on the last Sunday in October as originally scheduled, and in 1975 clocks were set forward one hour at 2:00 AM on February 23, the later date being adopted to address the aforementioned issue. The pre-existing daylight-saving rules, calling for the clocks to be advanced one hour on the last Sunday in April, were restored in 1976 (this date being changed to the first Sunday in April in 1987 and to the last Sunday in March in 2007).
The crisis also prompted a call for individuals and businesses to conserve energy — most notably a sophisticated campaign by the Advertising Council using the tag line "Don't Be Fuelish." Many newspapers carried full-page advertisements that featured cut-outs which could be attached to light switches that had the slogan "Last Out, Lights Out: Don't Be Fuelish" emblazoned thereon.
The U.S. "Big Three" automakers first order of business after Corporate Average Fuel Economy CAFE were enacted was to downsize existing automobile categories; by the end of the 1970s, 121 inch wheelbase vehicles were a thing of the past. Before the mass production of automatic overdrive transmissions and electronic fuel injection, the traditional FR (front engine/rear wheel drive) layout was being phased out for the more efficient and/or integrated FF (front engine/front wheel drive) starting with compact cars. Using the Volkswagen Rabbit as the archetype, much of Detroit went FF after 1980 in response to CAFE's 27.5 MPG mandate. Vehicles such as the Ford Fairmont were short-lived in the early 1980s.
Other related archives1945, 1950, 1960, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979 energy crisis, 1980, 1986, 1987, 2007, 6 November, 74, Abu Dhabi, Advertising Council, Ahmed Zaki Yamani, Alberta, Algeria, Arab, Arab-Israeli War, Arab-Israeli conflict, Aramco, August 15, Australia, BBC, Boycott, Bretton Woods, Bretton Woods system, British, British government, CAFE, Canada, Chile, China, Cold War, Daylight Saving Time, Department of Energy, Dutch, Egypt, Embargo, Energy crisis, Europe, European Economic Community, February 23, February 29, Ford Fairmont, Fortune 500, France, Harold Wilson, Henry Kissinger, Hubbert peak theory, Iran, Iraq, Israel, January 2004, January 6, Japan, Kuwait, Latin America, Libya, Mexico, Middle East, National Energy Act, National Energy Program, National Maximum Speed Limit, Netherlands, New York Stock Exchange, New York Times, Nigeria, North American, OAPEC, OPEC, October 17, Oil price increases of 2004, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, Persian Gulf, Petro-Canada, Portugal, Qatar, Rhodesia, Richard Nixon, Russian, Salvador Allende, Saudi Arabia, September 11, September 17, Shah, Six Day War, South Africa, Soviet Union, Strategic Petroleum Reserve, Supply shock, Syria, Ted Heath, Thatcherism, Third World, Trente Glorieuses, U.S. Secretary of State, United Kingdom, United Nations, United States, United States dollars, Venezuela, Volkswagen Rabbit, Western Europe, William Simon, World War II, Yamani, Yom Kippur, Yom Kippur War, automobiles, barrel, central banks, coal, crude oil, demand, devalued, economists, electronics, embargo, ethanol, gallon, gasoline, gold, guerrillas, gunboat diplomacy, imports, inflation, interest rates, internal terms of trade, leap years, license plates, macroeconomic, markets, minerals, nationalization, natural gas, newspapers, nominal, not real, nuclear, nuclear power, oil, oil exploration, petrochemicals, petroleum, population density, price, price controls, price sensitivity of oil demand, profits, propane, rationing, recession, renewable energy, resources, ridership, solar power, stagflation, suburbs, supply, toppled, trade, unemployment, vehicles, wheat, wind power, wood fuel
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Conservation and reduction in demand", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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