1953: Encyclopedia - 1953

1953

1953 (MCMLIII) is a common year starting on Thursday.

1953 - Events

• January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb.
• January 12 - Estonian emigres find a government in exile in Oslo
• January 13 - Marshal Josip Broz Tito chosen President of Yugoslavia
• January 15 - Georg Dertinger, foreign minister of East Germany, is arrested for spying
• January 20 - Change of US presidency from Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) to Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961).
• January 22 - The Crucible, a drama by Arthur Miller, opens on Broadway
• January 24 – Mau Mau rebels in Kenya kill Ruck family – father, mother and a 6-year-old son
• January 26 - Walter Ulbricht announces that the agriculture will be collectivized in East Germany
• January 28 - Derek Bentley is executed for murder in Wandsworth Prison
• January 31-February 1 - North Sea flood of 1953 kills 1,835 people in the southwestern Netherlands (especially Zeeland), 307 in the United Kingdom and several hundred at sea, including 132 on the ferry Princess Victoria in the Irish Sea

1953 - February

• February 1 - Surge of North Sea Flood of 1953 continues from the previous day.
• February 5 - The movie Peter Pan premieres (Roxy Theatre, New York City).
• February 11 - President Eisenhower refuses clemency appeal for Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
• February 11 - The Soviet Union breaks diplomatic relations with Israel.
• February 13 - Transsexual Christine Jorgenson returns to New York after successful sexual reassignment surgery in Denmark
• February 18 - The first 3D film, Bwana Devil opens.
• February 19 - Censorship: Georgia approves the first literature censorship board in the United States
• February 28 - James D. Watson and Francis Crick announce that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA.

1953 - March

• March 1 - After an all-night dinner with Soviet Union interior minister Lavrenty Beria and future premiers Georgi Malenkov, Nikolai Bulganin and Nikita Khrushchev, Joseph Stalin collapses, having suffered a stroke that paralyzed the right side of his body.
• March 1 - Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg made the deputy constable and lieutenant governor of Windsor Castle
• March 5 - After 29 years of ruling the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin dies.
• March 6 - Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov succeeds Josef Stalin as Premier and First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• March 11 - U.S. B-47 bomber accidentally drops an atom bomb on Mars Bluff, South Carolina. Fortunately it fails to detonate.
• March 13 - United Nations Security Council nominates Dag Hammarskjöld as United Nations Secretary General
• March 14 - Nikita Khruschev selected general secretary of the Soviet communist party
• March 17 - Nuclear test in Nevada - with 1620 spectators in 3.4 km
• March 18 - An earthquake hits western Turkey killing 250.
• March 25-26 – Lari Massacre in Kenya – Mau Mau rebels kill up to 150 kikuyu
• March 26 - Jonas Salk announces his polio vaccine.

1953 - April

• April 7 - Dag Hammarskjöld is elected United Nations Secretary General.
• April 8 – Jomo Kenyatta is sentenced for seven years in prison for alleged organization of Mau Mau Rebellion
• April 13 - Ian Fleming publishes his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale in the United Kingdom
• April 25 - Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish their description of the double helix structure of DNA.(::Watson, J. D. and Crick, F. H. C. (1953). Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 171, 737-738.)

1953 - May

• May 2 - Hussein is crowned King of Jordan.
• May 2 - 38-year-old Stanley Matthews finally wins the FA Cup at his third attempt, in the famous 'Matthews Final'
• May 9 – France agrees to the provisional independence of Cambodia with the king Norodom Sihanouk
• May 10 - Town of Chemnitz in East Germany becomes Karl Marx Stadt
• May 11 - The Waco Tornado: A F5 tornado hits in the downtown section of Waco, Texas killing 114.
• May 18 - At Rogers Dry Lake, California Jackie Cochran becomes the first woman to break the sound barrier (she flew in a F-86 Sabrejet at an average speed of 652.337 miles-per-hour).
• May 25 - Nuclear testing: At the Nevada Test Site, the United States conducts its first and only nuclear artillery test.
• May 29 - Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay perform the first successful ascent to the summit of Mount Everest.

1953 - June

• June 2 - Coronation of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey.
• June 8 - Flint-Worcester Tornadoes: A tornado hits in Flint, Michigan and kills 115. This is the last tornado to claim more than 100 lives.
• June 8 - Austria and Soviet Union form diplomatic relations
• June 9 - CIA Technical Services Staff head Sidney Gottlieb approves of the use of LSD in a MKULTRA subproject.
• June 9 - Flint-Worcester Tornadoes: A tornado spawned from the same storm system as the Flint tornado hits in Worcester, Massachusetts killing 94.
• June 12 - Currency reform causes riots in Czechoslovakia
• June 13 - Hungarian Prime Minister Mátyás Rákosi is replaced by Imre Nagy.
• June 16 - Soviet Union and Yugoslavia form diplomatic relations
• June 17 - Workers Uprising: In East Germany, the Soviet Union orders a Division (military) of troops into East Berlin to quell a rebellion.
• June 18 - Egypt declares a republic
• June 19 - Execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
• June 30 - The first Chevrolet Corvette is built at Flint (Michigan)

1953 - July

• July 4 - Strikes and riots in coal mining regions in Poland
• July 5 - First meeting of the assembly of the European Economic Community in Strasbourg, France
• July 10 – Soviet official paper Pravda announces that Lavrenti Beria has been deposed from his positions as a head of NKVD
• July 18 - Flood in the Hodno island in Japan - 1700 dead, 7000 injured
• July 26 - Fidel Castro and his brother lead a disastrous assault on the Moncada Barracks - preliminary to the Cuban Revolution.
• July 27 - Korean War ends: The United States, People's Republic of China, North Korea, and South Korea sign an armistice agreement.

1953 - August

• August 5 - Operation Big Switch, operation to repatriate prisoners of war after the Korean War
• August 7 - Ohio admitted as a U. S. state, retroactive to 1803.
• August 8 - Soviet prime minister Georgi Malenkov announces that Soviet Union has a hydrogen bomb
• August 11 - Earthquake devastates islands of the Ionian Sea
• August 13 - 4 million workers go on strike in France to protest austerity measures
• August 17 - Addiction: First meeting of Narcotics Anonymous in Southern California, see October 5.
• August 18 - Kinsey report
• August 19 - Cold War: The CIA helps to overthrow the government of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran and retain Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi on the throne (see: Operation Ajax).
• August 20 - French government oust the sultan of Morocco and exiles him to Corsica
• August 20 - USA gives West Germany 382 ships it captured during World War Two
• August 25 - General strike ends in France

1953 - September

• September 3 - Birthday, Cheryl Tutson, 1953
• September 5 - United Nations does not accept Soviet Union's suggestion to accept China as a member
• September 7 - Nikita Khrushchev becomes head of the Soviet Central Committee.
• September 25 - Hurricane in South-East Asia - over 1000 dead
• September 25 - First German prisoners of war return from Soviet Union to West Germany
• September 26 - Rationing of sugar ends in the United Kingdom

1953 - October

• October - The UNIVAC 1103 is the first commercial computer to use random access memory.
• October 5 - First meeting of Narcotics Anonymous (first planning session was held August 17)
• October 9 - Konrad Adenauer is re-elected as a German chancellor
• October 12 - "The Caine Mutiny Court Martial" opens at Plymouth Theatre, New York.
• October 30 - Cold War: US President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally approves the top secret document National Security Council Paper No. 162/2, which states that the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons must be maintained and expanded to counter the communist threat.

1953 - November

• November 5 - David Ben Gurion resigns as a prime minister of Israel
• November 9 - Cambodia becomes independent from France.
• November 9 - King Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia dies
• November 21 - Authorities at the British Natural History Museum announce that the skull of the "Piltdown Man", one of the most famous fossil skulls in the world, is a hoax.
• November 23 - Moscow announces that Lavrenti Beria has been executed
• November 25 - England lose 6-3 to Hungary at Wembley Stadium, their first ever loss to a continental team at home
• November 29 - French paratroopers take Dien Bien Phu

1953 - December

• December 2 - United Kingdom and Iran reform diplomatic relations
• December 8 - US president Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly in New York City
• December 23 – Soviet Union announces officially that Lavrenti Beria has been executed
• December 24 - 153 people die as a result of the Tangiwai disaster when the railway bridge collapses at Tangiwai, New Zealand sending a fully loaded passenger train into the Whangaehu River
• December 30 - The first color television sets go on sale for about $1,175 (American dollars).

1953 - Births

1953 - January

• January 4 - George Tenet, American Central Intelligence Agency director
• January 8 - Bruce Sutter, baseball player
• January 10 - Pat Benatar, American singer
• January 10 - Bobby Rahal, American race car driver
• January 19 - Desi Arnaz Jr., American actor
• January 21 - Paul Allen, American entrepreneur
• January 22 - Jim Jarmusch, American director
• January 26 - Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark

1953 - February

• February 7 - Dan Quisenberry, baseball player (d. 1998)
• February 8 - Mary Steenburgen, American actress
• February 11 - Philip Anglim, American actor
• February 11 - Jeb Bush, brother of President George W Bush and son of George H.W. Bush and Barbara Pierce Bush
• February 11 - Alan Rubin, American musician
• February 17 - Norman Pace, British actor and comedian
• February 21 - William Petersen, American actor
• February 25 - José María Aznar, Spanish politician
• February 25 - Martin Kippenberger, German artist

1953 - March

• March 1 - Richard Bruton, Irish politician and economist
• March 6 - Jan Kjærstad, Norwegian author
• March 6 - Jacklyn Zeman, American actress
• March 12 - Carl Hiaasen, American author
• March 12 - Ron Jeremy, American actor
• March 16 - Isabelle Huppert, French actress
• March 16 - Richard Stallman, American free software proponent
• March 23 - Chaka Khan, American singer
• March 26 - Elaine Chao, U.S. Secretary of Labor

1953 - April

• April 1 - Barry Sonnenfeld, American film producer and director
• April 4 - Robert Bertrand, Canadian politician
• April 11 - Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium
• April 11 - Andrew Wiles, British-born mathematician
• April 16 - J. Neil Schulman, American writer and activist

1953 - May

• May 6 - Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• May 15 - George Brett, baseball player
• May 15 - Mike Oldfield, English composer
• May 16 - Pierce Brosnan, Irish actor
• May 19 - Victoria Wood, British comic actress
• May 20 - Robert Doyle, Australian politician
• May 24 - Alfred Molina, English actor
• May 26 - Michael Portillo, English politician
• May 29 - Danny Elfman, American composer
• May 30 - Colm Meaney, Irish actor

1953 - June

• June 1 - David Berkowitz, American serial killer
• June 8 - Bonnie Tyler, Welsh singer
• June 13 - Tim Allen, American actor
• June 21 - Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan

1953 - July

• July 14 - Bebe Buell, American model and singer
• July 15 - Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti
• July 15 - Mila Pivnicki, First Lady of Canada
• July 29 - Geddy Lee, Canadian musician (Rush)

1953 - August

• August 5 - Rick Mahler, baseball player (d. 2005)
• August 9 - Robert Cray, American musician
• August 11 - Hulk Hogan, American professional wrestler
• August 18 - Louie Gohmert, American politician
• August 19 - Benoît Régent, French actor (d. 1994)
• August 31 - György Károly, Hungarian author

1953 - October

• October 2 - Brandon Wilson, American author and explorer
• October 7 - Christopher Norris, British actress
• October 7 - Tico Torres, American musician (Bon Jovi)
• October 9 - Tony Shalhoub, American actor
• October 12 - Serge Lepeltier, French politician
• October 12 - Les Dennis, British comedian and television presenter
• October 22 - Jeff Goldblum, American actor
• October 27 - Robert Picardo, American actor
• October 27 - Peter Firth, British actor
• October 31 - Michael J. Anderson, American actor

1953 - November

• November 4 - Carlos Gutierrez, American politician
• November 14 - Dominique de Villepin, Prime Minister of France
• November 18 - Alan Moore, English writer and magician
• November 19 - Robert Beltran, American actor
• November 19 - Tom Villard, American actor (d. 1994)
• November 28 - Ben Bolt, American guitarist
• November 23 - Francis Cabrel, French singer
• November 29 - Alex Grey, American artist

1953 - December

• December 6 - Gary Ward, baseball player
• December 8 - Kim Basinger, American actress
• December 13 - Ben Bernanke, American economist
• December 13 - Bob Gainey, Canadian hockey player
• December 29 - Stanley Williams, a notorious Crips street gangs (d. 2005)

1953 - Deaths

1953 - January—April

• January 1 - Hank Williams, American musician (b. 1923)
• January 28 - James Scullin, ninth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1876)
• March 2 - Jim Lightbody, American runner (b. 1882)
• March 5 - Herman J. Mankiewicz, American writer and producer (b. 1897)
• March 5 - Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer (b. 1891)
• March 5 - Joseph Stalin, Soviet leader (b. 1879)
• March 24 - Queen Mary the Dowager Queen Mother, queen of George V of the United Kingdom (b. 1867)
• March 28 - Jim Thorpe, American athlete (b. 1887)

1953 - May—August

• May 29 - Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (b. 1891)
• July 26 - Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general and politician (b. 1883)
• July 29 - Richard William Pearse, New Zealand airplane pioneer (b. 1877)
• August 22 - Jim Tabor, baseball player (b. 1916)

1953 - September—December

• September 2 - General Jonathan Wainwright, U.S. Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1883)
• September 8 - Fred M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1890)
• September 28 - Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (b. 1889)
• October 3 - Arnold Bax, English composer (b. 1887)
• October 8 - Kathleen Ferrier, British contralto (b. 1912)
• October 25 - Holger Pedersen, Dutch linguist (b. 1867)
• October 27 - Thomas Wass, English cricketer (b. 1873)
• November 8 - Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870)
• November 8 - John van Melle, Dutch-born author (b. 1883)
• November 9 - Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (b. 1914)
• November 21 - Larry Shields, American musician (b. 1893)
• November 27 - Eugene O'Neill, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
• November 28 - Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901)
• November 29 - Sam De Grasse, Canadian actor (b. 1875)
• November 30 - Francis Picabia, French painter and poet (b. 1879)
• December 18 - Robert Millikan, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)
• December 27 - Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (b. 1894)
• December 31 - Albert Plesman, Dutch aviation pioneer (b. 1889)

1953 - Nobel Prizes

• Physics - Frits (Frederik) Zernike
• Chemistry - Hermann Staudinger
• Medicine - Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann
• Literature - Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
• Peace - George Catlett Marshall

Category: 1953

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "1953", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953, used and available under the GNU Free Documentation License.