Duklja - Early. De Administrando Imperio from the 10th century mentions it in the story of the province of Dalmatia: Now, the said Croatia and the rest of the Slavonic regions are situated thus: Diocleia is neighbour to the forts of Dyrrachium, I mean, to Elissus and to Helcynium and Antibari, and comes up as far as Decatera, and on the side of the mountain country it is neighbour to Serbia. It was one of the four southern Dalmatian Slavic principalities (Sclavinias), other three being Zachlumia, Trav ...

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Duklja, Duklja - Name, Duklja - History, Duklja - Early, Duklja - High Voislav Golden Age, Duklja - Late Rascian, Duklja - List of rulers, Duklja - Chronology, Duklja - People Religion and Culture

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The first known mention of the name "Gdynia" was of a Pomeranian (Kashubian) fishing village, in 1253. Oksywie, now part of Gdynia, was mentioned even earlier in 1209. It was there that the first church on the Polish coast was built. In 1380 the owner of the village which became Gdynia, Peter from Rusocin, gave the village to the Cisterian Order, so in the years 1382–1772 Gdynia belonged to the Cistercian abbey in Oliwa. In 1789 there w ...

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Gdynia, Gdynia - History, Gdynia - Construction of the Seaport, Gdynia - Construction of the City, Gdynia - Gdynia during World War II 1939–1945, Gdynia - Gdynia after World War II, Gdynia - Economy, Gdynia - Port of Gdynia, Gdynia - Education, Gdynia - Sports, Gdynia - Sports in Gdynia, Gdynia - Sports in Tricity, Gdynia - Politics, Gdynia - Gdynia/Słupsk constituency, Gdynia - Sights and tourist attractions, Gdynia - Modern division into neighbourhoods, Gdynia - Population and area

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Uppland was historically divided into chartered cities and districts. Within Roslagen they were called ship districts, and in the rest of the province hundreds. Uppland - Cities. Enköping (approximately 1300) Lidingö (1926) Norrtälje (1622) Sigtuna (approximately 990) Solna (1943) Stockholm (1252) Sundbyberg (1927) Uppsala (1286) Vaxholm (1652) Öregrund (1491) � ...

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Uppland, Uppland - Counties, Uppland - Population, Uppland - History, Uppland - Heraldry, Uppland - Dukes, Uppland - Geography, Uppland - Cities, Uppland - Districts, Uppland - Facts, Uppland - Culture

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Yunmen was born in the town of Jiaxing near Suzhou to the Zhang family (but later as a monk he would take the name Wenyan; to avoid confusion he will be referred to his later name of Yunmen), apparently in 864 CE. His birth-year is uncertain; the two memorial stele at the Yunmen monastery mention he was 86 years old when he died in 949 CE, which when adjusted yields 864 as his birth year. But while still a boy, Yunmen became a monk under a "commandment master" named Zhi Cheng (as Miura and Sasaki describe itSee also:

Yunmen Wenyan, Yunmen Wenyan - Biography, Yunmen Wenyan - Teachings, Yunmen Wenyan - Koans, Yunmen Wenyan - Quotes, Yunmen Wenyan - Trivia

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The foundation of Lund remains unclear. Until recently, the town was thought to have been founded by King Canute the Great around 1020, however, recent archeological discoveries suggest that the first settlement was founded around 990, when the village of Uppåkra was moved to Lund's location, by King Sweyn I Forkbeard. The distance is only some five kilometres, but Lund is located on a hill, and on the other side of a rivulet-ford, giving the new site considerable defence advantages compared to Uppåkra, that is situated on the highest point of a rather large plain. Beside new techniques of warfare, the relocation is believed to signify the pr ...

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Lund, Lund - History, Lund - Geography, Lund - Industry, Lund - Education, Lund - Notable natives, Lund - Other uses

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Pisa - Ancient times. Nobody really knows when Pisa was founded. The city lies at the junction of two rivers, Arno and Auser (now disappeared) in the Tyrrhenian Sea forming a laguna area. The Pelasgi, the Greeks, the Etruscans and the Ligurians have variously been proposed as founders of the city. Archeological remains from the 5th century BC confirm the existence of a city at the sea, trading with Greeks and Gauls. The presence of an Etruscan necropolis was discovered during excavations in the Arena Garibaldi ...

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Pisa, Pisa - History, Pisa - Ancient times, Pisa - High Middles Ages, Pisa - 11th century, Pisa - 12th century, Pisa - 13th century, Pisa - Decline, Pisa - Landmarks, Pisa - Notable people associated with Pisa, Pisa - Sources

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The geography of Skåne was shaped by the last ice age, the Wisconsin glaciation, a time when it was totally covered with ice. When the ice retreated, it left a major mark on the land: Hallandsåsen, a ridge in the northern parts in the municipality of Båstad bordering Halland, and Söderås. The terrain is almost completely flat, which distinguishes it amongst the otherwise forest and waterway rich geography of Sweden. Skåne has no mountains and few hills, lakes or forests. Stretching from the north-western to the south-east ...

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Skåne, Skåne - County, Skåne - Politics, Skåne - History, Skåne - Geography, Skåne - Cities, Skåne - Hundreds, Skåne - Culture, Skåne - Heraldry, Skåne - Dukes of Skåne

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The Oder River is 854 km long: 112 in the Czech Republic, 742 in Poland (including 187 on the border between Germany and Poland) and second longest river in Poland (after the Vistula). It drains 118,861 square kilometers of watershed, 106,056 of which are in Poland (89%), 7,217 in the Czech Republic (6%), and 5,587 in Germany (5%). Channels connect it to Havel, Spree, Vistula system and Kłodnica. It flows through Silesian, Opole, Lower Silesian, Lubusz and West Pomeranian voivodships of Poland and Brandenburg and Mecklenburg ...

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Oder River, Oder River - Geography, Oder River - Navigation, Oder River - History, Oder River - Cities, Oder River - Right tributaries, Oder River - Left tributaries

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Vladimir - Foundation date controversy. The area occupied by the city of Vladimir has been inhabited by humans (at least intermittently) for approximately 25,000 years. Traditionally, the founding date of Vladimir has been acknowledged as 1108, which is the date of the first mention of Vladimir in the Primary Chronicle. This view attributes the founding of the city, and its name, to Vladimir Monomakh, who inherited the region as part of the Rostov-Suzdal principality in the 11th century. Its foundation is traditi ...

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Vladimir, Vladimir - History, Vladimir - Foundation date controversy, Vladimir - Golden Age, Vladimir - Decline, Vladimir - Sightseeings, Vladimir - Sister cities

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The founders of the Song dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials. Regional military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed officials. This system of civilian rule led to a greater concentration of power in the emperor and his palace bureaucracy than had been achieved in the previous dynasties. The Song dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce. The lan ...

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Song Dynasty, Song Dynasty - Arts culture and economy, Song Dynasty - Fall of the Southern Song, Song Dynasty - Song dynasty emperors, Song Dynasty - Bei Northern Song dynasty 960- 1127, Song Dynasty - Nan Southern Song dynasty 1127- 1279

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The Dagome iudex survives only in the form of a summary, completed ca. 1080. It was found in a register compiled by a curial cardinal during the papacy of Gregory VII. Most historians believe that Dagome is a melding of two names: the Christian Dago, for "Dagobert" (Mieszko's baptismal name), and the Slavic Me, for "Mieszko." The Latin word iudex ("judge") is used in the meaning of "prince." Place names are misspelled by the person who made the ...

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Dagome iudex, Dagome iudex - Nature and import of the Dagome iudex, Dagome iudex - Summary text of the Dagome iudex, Dagome iudex - Notes

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Silesia - Early people. Silesia was inhabited by various people that belonged to changing archeological cultures in the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages. According to Tacitus, in the 1st century Silesia was inhabited by a multi-ethnic league dominated by the Lugii/Lygii. The Silingi were also part of this federation, and most likely a Vandalic people that lived south of the Baltic Sea in the Elbe, Oder, and Vistula river area. See also:

Silesia, Silesia - Name of the region, Silesia - History, Silesia - Early people, Silesia - Middle Ages, Silesia - Early Modern Period, Silesia - Silesia in Germany, Silesia - Between the wars, Silesia - Silesia after WWII, Silesia - Natural resources, Silesia - Demographics, Silesia - Major cities in Silesia

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The Japanese calendars prior to 1873 were derived from the Chinese. Japan adopted the Chinese calendar in 645. To convert a Japanese year to a Western year, find the first year of the nengō (=era name, see list below). When found, subtract 1, and add the number of the Japanese year. For example, the 23rd year of the Showa Era (Showa 23) would be 1948 ... 1926 − 1 = 1925, then 1925 + 23 = 1948. 645 大化 Taika 650 白雉 Hakuchi (era) 686 朱鳥 Shuchō 701 ...

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Japanese era name, Japanese era name - Overview, Japanese era name - Historical nengō, Japanese era name - Nengō in Modern Japan, Japanese era name - Conversion table from nengō to Gregorian calendar years, Japanese era name - Unofficial nengō system 私年号

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Egill wrote his first poem at the age of three years. He exhibited berserk behaviour, and this, together with the description of his large and unattractive head, has led to the theory that he might have suffered from Paget's disease. After Berg-Önundr refused to allow Egill to claim his wife Ásgerðr's share of her father's inheritance, he challenged Önundr to a holmgang. Egill killed Bárðr of Atley, one of the king's retainers, thus making an enemy of Queen Gunnhildr, who never forgave him and did everything within her po ...

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Egill Skallagrímsson, Egill Skallagrímsson - Life, Egill Skallagrímsson - Poems, Egill Skallagrímsson - Egill in popular culture

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According to one theory, the Pechenegs originated from the Wusun people of Central Asia, recorded in Chinese chronicles in the early centuries of the modern era. Whatever the truth of this, the Pechenegs emerge in the historical records only in the 8th and 9th centuries, inhabiting the region between the lower Volga, the Don, and the Ural Mountains. By the 9th-10th centuries AD they controlled much of the steppes of southwestern Eurasia and the Crimean Peninsula. Although an important factor in the region at the time, like most nomadic tribes their concept of statecraft failed to go beyond random attacks on neighbour ...

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Pecheneg, Pecheneg - Origins and Area, Pecheneg - Alliance with Byzantium, Pecheneg - History and Decline

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Al-Andalus - Non-Muslims Dhimmi under the Caliphate. See also: Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain The treatment of non-Muslims (specifically Jews) in the Caliphate has been a subject of considerable interest from scholars and commentators, especially those interested in drawing parallels to the co-existence of Muslims and non-Muslims in the modern world. Some argue that - for at least part of the history of Al-Andalus - Jews were treated significantly better in Muslim-controlled Spain tha ...

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Al-Andalus, Al-Andalus - History, Al-Andalus - Conquest and early years, Al-Andalus - The Emirate and Caliphate of Córdoba, Al-Andalus - The First Taifa Period, Al-Andalus - Almoravids Almohads and Marīnids, Al-Andalus - The Emirate of Granada, Al-Andalus - Aftermath, Al-Andalus - Culture, Al-Andalus - Non-Muslims Dhimmi under the Caliphate, Al-Andalus - Philosophy, Al-Andalus - Etymology of al-Andalus, Al-Andalus - Vandalícia, Al-Andalus - Atlántida, Al-Andalus - Landahlauts

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In 964, Brian Boru's older brother, Mathgamain, claimed control over the entire province of Munster by capturing the Rock of Cashel, capital of the rival Eoganacht dynasty. The Eoganacht King, Mael Muad, organised an anti-Dalcassian alliance that included at least one other Irish ruler in Munster, and Ivar, the ruler of Limerick. At the Battle of Sulchoid a Dalcassian army led by Mathgamain and Boru decisively defeated the Hiberno-Norse army of Limerick and, following up their victory, looted and burned the city. The Dalcassian victory at Su ...

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Brian Boru, Brian Boru - Royal Ascent, Brian Boru - Popular image, Brian Boru - The Dal gCais, Brian Boru - History, Brian Boru - Extending authority, Brian Boru - The struggle for Ireland, Brian Boru - Emperor of the Irish, Brian Boru - Marriages, Brian Boru - Cultural heritage, Brian Boru - Sources

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Pisa - Ancient times. Pisa's origins are unknown. The city lies at the junction of two rivers, Arno and Auser (now disappeared) in the Tyrrhenian Sea forming a laguna area. The Pelasgi, the Greeks, the Etruscans and the Ligurians have variously been proposed as founders of the city. Archeological remains from the 5th century BC confirm the existence of a city at the sea, trading with Greeks and Gauls. The presence of an Etruscan necropolis was discovered during excavations in the Arena Garibaldi in 1991. A ...

See also:

Pisa, Pisa - History, Pisa - Ancient times, Pisa - High Middles Ages, Pisa - 11th century, Pisa - 12th century, Pisa - 13th century, Pisa - Decline, Pisa - Landmarks, Pisa - Notable people associated with Pisa, Pisa - Sources

Read more here: » Pisa: Encyclopedia II - Pisa - History

According to a vague notice by Caius Julius Solinus, Ariccia was founded by an one Archilocus Siculus in very ancient times. Ruins found in the city confirm the existence of a settlement in the 8th-9th centuries BC. Later the city was a member of the Latin League and in its territory, including the Lake of Nemi, was sited the federal sanctuary of Diana Aricina (or Diana Nemorensis). Under its walls the Battle of Aricia was fought (506 BC), in which the Aricini, allied with the Cumani of Aristhodemus, defeated the Etrus ...

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Ariccia, Ariccia - History, Ariccia - Main sights

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The site has been occupied since Neolithic times, before the influx of Celts. Roman Betarra was on the road that linked Provence with Iberia. The Romans refounded the city as a new colonia for veterans in 36/35 BCE and called it Colonia Julia Baeterrae Septimanorum. Stones from the Roman amphitheatre were used to construct the city wall during the 3rd century. White wine was exported to Rome; two dolia discovered in an excavation near Rome are marked, one "I am a wine from Baeterrae and I am five years old," the oth ...

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Béziers, Béziers - Geography, Béziers - History, Béziers - Economy, Béziers - Transportation, Béziers - Miscellaneous, Béziers - Births, Béziers - Twin towns

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Habsburg - From Counts of Habsburg to Holy Roman Emperors. The name is derived from the Swiss Habichtsburg (Hawk Castle), the family seat in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries at Habsburg in the former duchy of Swabia in present-day Switzerland (Switzerland did not then exist in its present form, and the Swiss lands were part of the mainly Germanic Holy Roman Empire). From Southwest-Germany the family extended its influence and holdings to the south-eastern reaches of the Holy Roman Empire, roughly today's ...

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Habsburg, Habsburg - A brief history of the House of Habsburg, Habsburg - From Counts of Habsburg to Holy Roman Emperors, Habsburg - Division of the House: Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine: the Austrian Empire, Habsburg - Main Line, Habsburg - Ancestors, Habsburg - Counts of Habsburg, Habsburg - Kings of Germany, Habsburg - Dukes of Austria, Habsburg - Albertine line: Dukes of Austria, Habsburg - Leopoldine line: Dukes of Styria Carinthia Tyrol, Habsburg - Reuniting of Habsburg possessions, Habsburg - Main Line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs: Kings of Spain Kings of Portugal 1580-1640, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine Lothringen main line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Emperors of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Heads of the House of Habsburg post-monarchy, Habsburg - Burials, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Main line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Queens Consort of France, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs, Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs, Habsburg - Habsburg-Lorraine

Read more here: » Habsburg: Encyclopedia II - Habsburg - A brief history of the House of Habsburg