Literary sources and accounts reveal that there were at least three varieties of dromon. These were, firstly the ousiakooo which took its name from one company or ousia of one hundred men. This was a two-banked galley with the lower rank rowing only, and the upper rank rowing or disengaging to fight when required. Secondly the slightly larger pamphylos with a crew of between 120-160. Thirdly the dromon proper, which had a crew of two hundred, fifty on the lower bank, and one hundred on the upper bank in two files, together with fifty marines. A description of som ...

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Byzantine navy, Byzantine navy - Early period, Byzantine navy - Macedonian Dynasty, Byzantine navy - Late period, Byzantine navy - Ships, Byzantine navy - Greek fire, Byzantine navy - Notable events, Byzantine navy - Reference

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On March 15, 963, Emperor Romanus II unexpectedly died at the age of twenty-six. The cause of his death is uncertain. Both contemporary sources and later historians seem to either believe that the young Emperor had exhausted his health with the excesses of his sexual life and his heavy drinking, or suspect Empress Theophano (c. 941 - after 976), his wife, of poisoning him. Theophano had already at the time gained a reputation as an intelligent and ambitious woman. She would later gain a reputation for ruthlesness in achieving her goals. Roma ...

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Nicephorus II, Nicephorus II - Early exploits, Nicephorus II - Ascension to the throne, Nicephorus II - Later campaigns, Nicephorus II - Civil administration

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Shanxi was the location of the powerful state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 403 BC), which underwent a three-way split into the states of Han, Zhao and Wei in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC). By 221 BC all of these states had fallen to the state of Qin, which established the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC). The Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) ruled Shanxi as the province (zhou) of Bingzhou (幷州 Bīng Zhōu). During the invasions of northern nom ...

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Shanxi, Shanxi - History, Shanxi - Geography, Shanxi - Administrative divisions, Shanxi - Economy, Shanxi - Demographics, Shanxi - Culture, Shanxi - Tourism, Shanxi - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Shanxi: Encyclopedia II - Shanxi - History

The "human" timescale covers the time that humans have existed, usually taken to be from about 250,000 years ago - when Homo Sapiens began to develop. It is broadly divided into prehistorical (before history began to be recorded) and historical periods (when written records began to be kept). List of time periods - Calendar systems. Common Era List of time periods - Human historical periods. Prehistoric Prehistoric Europe Stone AgeSee also:

List of time periods, List of time periods - Cosmological time periods, List of time periods - Geologic time periods, List of time periods - Human time periods, List of time periods - Calendar systems, List of time periods - Human historical periods, List of time periods - Mythological and astrological time periods, List of time periods - Specialist human periods

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Pontoon bridges are especially useful in wartime as river crossings. Such bridges are usually temporary, and are sometimes destroyed after crossing (to keep the enemy from using them), or collapsed and carried (if on a long march). They were used to great advantage in many battles throughout time, including the Battle of the Garigliano, the Battle of Oudenarde, and many others. Pontoon bridges have been in use since ancient times. The Greek writer Herodotus in his Histories, records several pontoon bridges, the most spectacular ...

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Pontoon bridge, Pontoon bridge - Military bridges, Pontoon bridge - Floating bridges, Pontoon bridge - Disasters

Read more here: » Pontoon bridge: Encyclopedia II - Pontoon bridge - Military bridges

Timeline of fictional historical events - 1800s. Early 1800s June - Bernardo Leonardo buys the town from the Indians for $14,800,000. (Clerks: The Animated Series episode 1) 1801 Tenant Mr Lockwood begins to visit his landlord Heathcliff and gradually begins to discover the story of the Wuthering Heights. The combined forces of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson and Ralph Abercromby capture Egypt from the occupation of the French Consulate. Among their ...

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Timeline of fictional historical events, Timeline of fictional historical events - Before the Big Bang, Timeline of fictional historical events - Beginning of the Universe, Timeline of fictional historical events - Prehistoric, Timeline of fictional historical events - Ancient civilizations, Timeline of fictional historical events - 5th millennium BC, Timeline of fictional historical events - 4th millennium BC, Timeline of fictional historical events - 2nd millennium BC, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1st millennium BC, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1st millennium, Timeline of fictional historical events - 7th Century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 8th Century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 9th Century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 10th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 11th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 12th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 13th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 14th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 15th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 16th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 17th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 18th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 19th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1800s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1810s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1820s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1830s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1840s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1850s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1860s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1870s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1880s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1890s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 20th century, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1900s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1910s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1920s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1930s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1940s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1950s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1960s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1970s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1980s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 1990s, Timeline of fictional historical events - 21st Century, Timeline of fictional historical events - Notes, Timeline of fictional historical events - Timelines for specific universes

Read more here: » Timeline of fictional historical events: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of fictional historical events - 19th century

Late 1st century: Roman brooch and fine pottery from this period have been found c638: The Gododdin are defeated and the site is captured by Edwin of Northumbria 731: Edinburgh is possibly the town of Guidi mentioned by Bede 854: The first St Giles kirk is founded 960: Edinburgh temporarily falls into Scottish hands ...

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Timeline of Edinburgh history, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1-999, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1000-1099, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1100-1199, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1200-1299, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1300-1399, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1400-1499, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1500-1599, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1600-1699, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1700-1799, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1800-1899, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1900-1999, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 2000-2005, Timeline of Edinburgh history - Sources

Read more here: » Timeline of Edinburgh history: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1-999

Chinese art - Neolithic pottery. Early forms of art in China are found in the Neolithic Yangshao culture (仰韶文化), which dates back to the 6th millennium BC. Archeological findings such as those at Banpo have revealed that the Yangshao made pottery; early ceramics were unpainted and most often cord-marked. The first decorations were fish and human faces, but these eventually ev ...

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Chinese art, Chinese art - Historical development to 221 BC, Chinese art - Neolithic pottery, Chinese art - Jade culture, Chinese art - Bronze casting, Chinese art - Early Chinese music, Chinese art - Early Chinese poetry, Chinese art - Chu and Southern culture, Chinese art - Early imperial China 221 BC–AD 220, Chinese art - Qin sculpture, Chinese art - Pottery, Chinese art - Han poetry, Chinese art - Han architecture, Chinese art - Other Han art, Chinese art - Period of division 220–581, Chinese art - Influence of Buddhism, Chinese art - Secular culture, Chinese art - Poetry, Chinese art - Calligraphy, Chinese art - Painting, Chinese art - The Sui and Tang dynasties 581–960, Chinese art - Buddhist architecture and sculpture, Chinese art - Golden age of Chinese poetry, Chinese art - Li Po and Du Fu, Chinese art - Late Tang poetry, Chinese art - Painting, Chinese art - The Song and Yuan dynasties 960–1368, Chinese art - Song poetry, Chinese art - Song painting, Chinese art - Yuan drama, Chinese art - Yuan painting, Chinese art - Late imperial China 1368–1895, Chinese art - Ming Poetry, Chinese art - Ming prose, Chinese art - Ming painting, Chinese art - Qing drama, Chinese art - Qing poetry, Chinese art - Early Qing painting, Chinese art - Decorative arts, Chinese art - Qing fiction, Chinese art - Modern Chinese art, Chinese art - Painting, Chinese art - Poetry, Chinese art - Influence of the West, Chinese art - People's arts, Chinese art - Contemporary art since 1979, Chinese art - Performing arts, Chinese art - Visual arts, Chinese art - Unsorted, Chinese art - Performing arts, Chinese art - Visual arts

Read more here: » Chinese art: Encyclopedia II - Chinese art - Historical development to 221 BC

Paper money originated in two forms: drafts, that is receipts for value held on account, and "bills", which were issued with a promise to convert at a later date. Money is based on the coming to pre-eminence of some commodity as payment. The oldest monetary basis was for agricultural capital: cattle and grain. In Ancient Mesopotamia, drafts were issued against stored grain as a unit of account. A "drachma" was a weight of grain. Japan's feudal system was based on rice per year – koku. At the same time, legal codes enforced the payme ...

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Banknote, Banknote - History, Banknote - Paper Money Collecting as a Hobby in the U.S.

Read more here: » Banknote: Encyclopedia II - Banknote - History

List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic. Jovian (Iovianus) (332 - 364, ruled 363 - 364) – Soldier, restored Christianity ...

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List of Byzantine Emperors, List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored, List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople, List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile

Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty

According to legend, Lin Moniang (林默娘) was born in 960 (during the early Northern Song Dynasty) as the seventh daughter of Lin Yuan (林愿) on Meizhou Island, Fujian. She did not cry when she was born, and thus her given name means "Silent Girl." There are many legends about her and the sea. Although she started swimming relatively late at the age of 15, she soon became an excellent swimmer. She wore red standing on the shore to guide fishing boats home, e ...

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Matsu goddess, Matsu goddess - Names, Matsu goddess - The person, Matsu goddess - The goddess, Matsu goddess - Worship, Matsu goddess - Festival of Matsu

Read more here: » Matsu goddess: Encyclopedia II - Matsu goddess - The person

Zhejiang was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the Shang Dynasty (16th century BC - 11th century BC). Instead it was populated by peoples collectively known as the Yue, such as the Dongyue and the Ouyue. Starting from the Spring and Autumn Period, a state of Yue emerged in northern Zhejiang that was heavily influenced by Chinese civilization further north, and under King Goujian of Yue it reached its zenith and was able to wipe out, in 473 BC, the state of Wu further north, a major power at the time. In 333 ...

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Zhejiang, Zhejiang - History, Zhejiang - Geography, Zhejiang - Administrative divisions, Zhejiang - Economy, Zhejiang - Demographics, Zhejiang - Culture, Zhejiang - Famous people, Zhejiang - Stereotypes, Zhejiang - Tourism, Zhejiang - Miscellaneous topics, Zhejiang - Colleges and universities

Read more here: » Zhejiang: Encyclopedia II - Zhejiang - History

Shanxi was the location of the powerful state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 403 BC), which underwent a three-way split into the states of Han, Zhao and Wei in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC). By 221 BC all of these states had fallen to the state of Qin, which established the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC). The Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) ruled Shanxi as the province (zhou) of Bingzhou (并州 Bìng Zhōu). During the barbarian invasions of th ...

See also:

Shanxi, Shanxi - History, Shanxi - Geography, Shanxi - Administrative divisions, Shanxi - Economy, Shanxi - Demographics, Shanxi - Culture, Shanxi - Tourism, Shanxi - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Shanxi: Encyclopedia II - Shanxi - History

Volvo Cars - Early ages. Volvo ÖV 4, aka Jakob Volvo PV (PV444 and PV544) Volvo Snabbe Volvo Trygge Volvo Sugga (civilian (PV801, PV802, PV810, PV821, PV822 and PV831) and military (TP21/P2104, P2104)) Volvo Laplander (L-3304, L-3314, L-3314 and L-3315) Volvo PV36 Volvo PV51 Volvo PV60 Volvo Duett Volvo Amazon/Volvo 122 Volvo P1800 Volvo P1900 Volvo 66 Volvo C202 Volvo C3-series (C303, C304 and C306) V ...

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Volvo Cars, Volvo Cars - Safety, Volvo Cars - Acquisitions, Volvo Cars - Car models, Volvo Cars - Early ages, Volvo Cars - Three-numbered Volvos, Volvo Cars - Models with current denomination, Volvo Cars - Concept cars, Volvo Cars - Engine types, Volvo Cars - Transmissions

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The following synopsis is based on Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa: Styrbjörn the Strong - Youth. Styrbjörn was unusually big, strong and unruly (for a Viking) and although he was only a little boy he managed to kill a courtier who accidentally had hit him on the nose with a drinking horn. When he was 12 years old he asked his uncle for his birthright, but when he was denied the co-rulership of Swede ...

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Styrbjörn the Strong, Styrbjörn the Strong - Synopsis, Styrbjörn the Strong - Youth, Styrbjörn the Strong - Career, Styrbjörn the Strong - The Battle of the Fýrisvellir, Styrbjörn the Strong - Archaeological evidence, Styrbjörn the Strong - Notes

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Suzhou, the cradle of Wu culture, is one of the oldest towns in the Yangtze Basin. 2500 years ago, local tribes who named themselves "Gou Wu" in the late Shang Dynasty lived in the area which would become Suzhou. In 514 BC, during the Spring and Autumn Period, King Helu (阖闾) of Wu established "Great City of Helu", the ancient name for Suzhou, as his capital. In 496 BC, Helu was buried in Huqiu (Tiger Hill). In 473 BC, Wu was defeated by Yue, another kingdom to the east that was soon annexed by Chu in 306 BC. ...

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Suzhou, Suzhou - History, Suzhou - Districts and satellite cities, Suzhou - Landmarks, Suzhou - Transportation, Suzhou - Culture, Suzhou - Notable people from Suzhou, Suzhou - Quotes, Suzhou - Education

Read more here: » Suzhou: Encyclopedia II - Suzhou - History

Plains in Hebei were the home of Peking man, a group of Homo erectus that lived in the area around 200,000 to 700,000 years ago. During the Spring and Autumn Period, parts of Hebei, including the state of Xingguo, were conquered by fierce aristocratic nomadic people known as the Red Di. They were eventually absorbed into the local population. During the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC), Hebei was under the rule of the states of Yan (燕 yān) in the north and Zhao (赵 zhào) in the south, before both succumbed to the Qi ...

See also:

Hebei, Hebei - History, Hebei - Geography, Hebei - Administrative divisions, Hebei - Economy, Hebei - Demographics, Hebei - Culture, Hebei - Transportation, Hebei - Tourism, Hebei - Miscellaneous topics, Hebei - Colleges and Universities

Read more here: » Hebei: Encyclopedia II - Hebei - History

Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu, 五胡) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang Jiang (長江). In 303 the Di (氐) people rebelled and later captured Chengdu (成都). Under Liu Yuan (劉淵) the Xiongnu rebelled near today's Linfen County (山西省臨汾縣). His successor Liu Cong (劉聰) captured and executed the last two Western ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin, the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors, the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Jin, the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties

List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans. In 1453 Mehmed II overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of Caesar; his successors continued this claim. See Ottomans for the complete list of Ottoman sultans. ...

See also:

List of Byzantine Emperors, List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty 306-363, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty 364-457, List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty 457-518, List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty 518-602, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty 610-695, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic 695-705, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty 705-711, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic 711-717, List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty 717-802, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty 802-813, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty 820-867, List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty 867-1056, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty 1059-1081, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored, 1081-1185, List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty 1185-1204, List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea, 1204-1261, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople, 1259-1453, List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile

Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople, 1259-1453

1800: Charlotte Square is completed; Stein's large Canongate brewery is built c1800: National Museum of Antiquities is established 1802: The Edinburgh Review is published, offering literary criticism 1802-1806: The Bank of Scotland head office is built 1803: Dorothy Wordsworth stays in the "White Hart" inn in the Grassmarket 1814: A protest meeting against West Indian slavery is held; two coaches a day run to Stirling 1816-1819: Regent Bridge is built 1817: Coal gas supplies are available in the city; coal fires lose p ...

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Timeline of Edinburgh history, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1-999, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1000-1099, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1100-1199, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1200-1299, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1300-1399, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1400-1499, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1500-1599, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1600-1699, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1700-1799, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1800-1899, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1900-1999, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 2000-2005, Timeline of Edinburgh history - Sources

Read more here: » Timeline of Edinburgh history: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1800-1899

In the case of the Western Alps (minus the bit from the chain of Mont Blanc to the Simplon, which followed the fortunes of the Valais), a prolonged struggle for control took place between the feudal lords of Savoy, the Dauphine and Provence. In 1349 the Dauphiné fell to France, while in 1388 the county of Nice passed from Provence to the house of Savoy, which also then held Piedmont as well as other lands on the Italian side of the Alps. The struggle henceforth was limited to France and the house of Savoy, but little by little France succ ...

See also:

Political history and modern state of the inhabitants of the Alps, Political history and modern state of the inhabitants of the Alps - The Western Alps, Political history and modern state of the inhabitants of the Alps - The Central Alps, Political history and modern state of the inhabitants of the Alps - The Eastern Alps

Read more here: » Political history and modern state of the inhabitants of the Alps: Encyclopedia II - Political history and modern state of the inhabitants of the Alps - The Western Alps

1900: Stockbridge gains a library and hall; character actor Alistair Sim is born 1901: University appoints its first Professor of Scottish history; the Royal High School has 350 pupils 1902: Waverley Station is complete, covering 70,000 square metres; the North British Hotel is also built 1905: Moray House in Canongate becomes a teacher training centre 1905-1906: King’s Theatre is built at Tollcross 1907: Work begins on constructing the Edinburgh College of Art 1910: First electric trams run; Bank of Scotland has 169 branches 1911: Palladium Cinema opens 1911-1 ...

See also:

Timeline of Edinburgh history, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1-999, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1000-1099, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1100-1199, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1200-1299, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1300-1399, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1400-1499, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1500-1599, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1600-1699, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1700-1799, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1800-1899, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1900-1999, Timeline of Edinburgh history - 2000-2005, Timeline of Edinburgh history - Sources

Read more here: » Timeline of Edinburgh history: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of Edinburgh history - 1900-1999