This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. The title of all Emperors listed preceding Heraclius was officially Augustus, although various other titles such as Dominus were used as well. For official purposes, their names were preceded by Imperator Caesar Flavius and followed by Augustus. Following Heraclius, the title became the Greek Basileus (Gr. Βασιλευς), which had formerly meant "king" but now was used in place of Augustus. Other (and to Roman minds, lesser) kings were titled by the neologi ...

Including:

• List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile

Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia - List of Byzantine Emperors

Shanxi (Chinese: 山西; Hanyu Pinyin: Shānxī; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shansi) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Its one-character abbreviation is Jin (晋 pinyin jìn), after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period. Shanxi has an area of 150,000 km² and a population of 32.97 million. Shanxi's name literally means "mountains' west", which refers to ...

Including:

• Shanxi - History
• Shanxi - Geography
• Shanxi - Administrative divisions
• Shanxi - Economy
• Shanxi - Demographics
• Shanxi - Culture
• Shanxi - Tourism
• Shanxi - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Shanxi: Encyclopedia - Shanxi

A banknote (more commonly known as a bill in the United States and Canada) is a kind of currency, and under many jurisdictions are used as legal tender. With coins, banknotes make up the cash forms of all modern money. With the exception of non-circulating high-value or precious metal commemorative issues, coins are generally used for lower valued monetary units, while banknotes are utilised for higher values. Originally, the value of money was determined by the intrinsic value of the material the money was made of, such ...

Including:

• Banknote - History
• Banknote - Paper Money Collecting as a Hobby in the U.S.

Read more here: » Banknote: Encyclopedia - Banknote

Zhang Sanfeng was a semi-mythical Chinese Taoist priest who is believed by some to have achieved immortality, said variously to date from either the late Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty or Ming Dynasty. His name was allegedly 張君寶 before he became a Taoist. His Taoist name in Traditional Chinese characters is 張三丰, or 張三豐. Both are Zhāng Sānfēng in pinyin and Chang1 ...

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Chángquán (Chinese: 長拳; literally "long fist") is a general term for external (as opposed to internal) Northern Chinese martial arts (like the term Northern Shaolin in some cases). This includes: Pào Chuí (Chinese: 炮捶; literally "cannon punch") pre-Tang Dynasty Shàolínquán (Chinese: 少林拳; literally "Shaolin fist") c. 6th century Chāquán (Chinese: 查拳; Cha Yuanyi style) Tang Dynasty (618–907) Tàizǔ Chángquán (Chinese: 太祖長拳; ...

Read more here: » Changquan: Encyclopedia - Changquan

Constantine VIII (in Greek Konstantinos VIII, written Κωνσταντίνος Η') (960 – November 15, 1028), Byzantine emperor (December 15, 1025 – November 15, 1028) was the son of the Emperor Romanus II and Theophano; the younger brother of the eminent Basil II, who died childless and thus left the rule of the Byzantine Empire in his hands. Technically, Constantine became co-emperor with his brother when Basil assumed the throne in 976 at the age of 18, but during the 49 years that Basil II ruled, his brother had little ...

Including:

• Constantine VIII - Bibliography

Read more here: » Constantine VIII: Encyclopedia - Constantine VIII

Chinese Pagodas (Chinese 塔, pinyin tǎ) are a traditional part of Chinese architecture, introduced from India along with Buddhism as protective structures for Buddhist relics. In addition to religious use, since ancient times Chinese pagodas have been praised for the spectacular views which they offer, and many famous poems in Chinese history attest to the joy of scaling pagodas. Chinese pagodas - Chinese Characterisation. Lamaist pagodas, mostly seen in the west of China, are closest to what is as ...

Including:

• Chinese pagodas - Chinese Characterisation
• Chinese pagodas - Construction Materials
• Chinese pagodas - Wood
• Chinese pagodas - Transition to brick and stone
• Chinese pagodas - Brick and stone
• Chinese pagodas - De-emphasis over time

Read more here: » Chinese pagodas: Encyclopedia - Chinese pagodas

Life in the People's Republic of China Chinese art is art, whether modern or ancient, that originated in or is practiced in China or by Chinese artists or performers. Early so-called "stone age art" dates back to 10,000 BC, mostly consisting of simple pottery and sculptures. This early period was followed by a series of art dynasties, most of which lasted several hundred years. The art of Taiwan and that of Chinese Emigrants can also be considered part of Chinese art where it is based in or draws on the heritage of Chines ...

Including:

• Chinese art - Historical development to 221 BC
• Chinese art - Neolithic pottery
• Chinese art - Jade culture
• Chinese art - Bronze casting
• Chinese art - Early Chinese music
• Chinese art - Early Chinese poetry
• Chinese art - Chu and Southern culture
• Chinese art - Early imperial China 221 BC–AD 220
• Chinese art - Qin sculpture
• Chinese art - Pottery
• Chinese art - Han poetry
• Chinese art - Han architecture
• Chinese art - Other Han art
• Chinese art - Period of division 220–581
• Chinese art - Influence of Buddhism
• Chinese art - Secular culture
• Chinese art - Poetry
• Chinese art - Calligraphy
• Chinese art - Painting
• Chinese art - The Sui and Tang dynasties 581–960
• Chinese art - Buddhist architecture and sculpture
• Chinese art - Golden age of Chinese poetry
• Chinese art - Li Po and Du Fu
• Chinese art - Late Tang poetry
• Chinese art - Painting
• Chinese art - The Song and Yuan dynasties 960–1368
• Chinese art - Song poetry
• Chinese art - Song painting
• Chinese art - Yuan drama
• Chinese art - Yuan painting
• Chinese art - Late imperial China 1368–1895
• Chinese art - Ming Poetry
• Chinese art - Ming prose
• Chinese art - Ming painting
• Chinese art - Qing drama
• Chinese art - Qing poetry
• Chinese art - Early Qing painting
• Chinese art - Decorative arts
• Chinese art - Qing fiction
• Chinese art - Modern Chinese art
• Chinese art - Painting
• Chinese art - Poetry
• Chinese art - Influence of the West
• Chinese art - People's arts
• Chinese art - Contemporary art since 1979
• Chinese art - Performing arts
• Chinese art - Visual arts
• Chinese art - Unsorted
• Chinese art - Performing arts
• Chinese art - Visual arts

Read more here: » Chinese art: Encyclopedia - Chinese art

China is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with written records dating back 3,500 years. Turtle shells with markings reminiscent of ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty (商朝) have been carbon dated to around 1,500 BC. These records suggest that the origins of Chinese civilization started with city-states that may go back more than 5,000 years. Two thousand years ago is c ...

Including:

• History of China - Prehistoric times
• History of China - Ancient histories
• History of China - Xia Dynasty
• History of China - Shang Dynasty
• History of China - Zhou Dynasty
• History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire
• History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity
• History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties
• History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification
• History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity
• History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin
• History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty
• History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture
• History of China - Qing Dynasty
• History of China - The Republic of China
• History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia - History of China

Chinese painting is a form of Chinese art. In imperial times, painting and calligraphy were the most highly appreciated arts in court circles and were produced almost exclusively by amateurs—aristocrats and scholar-officials—who had the leisure time necessary to perfect the technique and sensibility necessary for great brushwork. Calligraphy was thought to be the highest and purest form of painting. The implements were the brush pen, made of animal hair, and black inks made from pine soot and animal glue. In ancient times, ...

Read more here: » Chinese painting: Encyclopedia - Chinese painting

Sumi-e or Suiboku ("墨絵"; also "水墨画" suibokuga) is the Japanese school of brush painting. Brush painting was developed in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and became an established style during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). It was introduced to Japan in the mid-14th century by Zen Buddhist monks, and grew in popularity until its peak during the Muromachi period (1338-1573). Sumi-e literally means "ink pictures"; suibokuga means "water ink pictures." Only black ink — the same as used in calli ...

Including:

• Sumi-e - Notable artists

Read more here: » Sumi-e: Encyclopedia - Sumi-e

Zhejiang (Chinese: 浙江; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhèjiāng; Wade-Giles: Che-chiang; Postal System Pinyin: Chehkiang or Chekiang) is a eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang (crooked river) was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital. The name ...

Including:

• Zhejiang - History
• Zhejiang - Geography
• Zhejiang - Administrative divisions
• Zhejiang - Economy
• Zhejiang - Demographics
• Zhejiang - Culture
• Zhejiang - Famous people
• Zhejiang - Stereotypes
• Zhejiang - Tourism
• Zhejiang - Miscellaneous topics
• Zhejiang - Colleges and universities

Read more here: » Zhejiang: Encyclopedia - Zhejiang

Margrave Gero founded the convent of St. Cyriacus (St. Cyriakus) in 960 (within the grounds of the fortifications built about the same time). Gero also founded the collegiate church of St. Cyriacus for the convent, which the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, the Great took under his special protection in 961. Gero brought back relics of St. Cyriacus for the church from his second trip to Rome in 963. The convent was disbanded in 1570, when the last abbess married. The collegiate church of St. Cyriacus still contains the grave of Gero, and is one of the oldest and best preserved examples of ottonian and romanesque architecture in Germany. The ch ...

See also:

Gernrode, Gernrode - History, Gernrode - Gernrode today and the Selketalbahn

Read more here: » Gernrode: Encyclopedia II - Gernrode - History

In the story, Mulan disguised herself as a man to take her father's place in the Army. She distinguished herself as a soldier and was offered a government post by the emperor himself. She turned down the position to return to her family. Later, when her former comrades visited her at home, they were shocked to see her dressed as a woman. Another myth had Mulan requested repeatedly by messengers to be a concubine for Yang, the second Sui Dynasty Emperor, after he found out his prized general was a woman. She refused and committed suicide, afterwards. The Emperor then hel ...

See also:

Hua Mulan, Hua Mulan - Overview, Hua Mulan - Name, Hua Mulan - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Hua Mulan: Encyclopedia II - Hua Mulan - Overview

According to legend, Lin Muoniang (林默娘) was born in 960 (during the early Northern Song Dynasty) as the seventh daughter of Lin Yuan (林愿) on Meizhou Island, Fujian. She did not cry when she was born, and thus her given name means "Silent Girl." There are many legends about her and the sea. Although she started swimming relatively late at the age of 15, she soon became an excellent swimmer. She wore red standing on the shore to guide fishing boats home, e ...

See also:

Matsu goddess, Matsu goddess - Names, Matsu goddess - The person, Matsu goddess - The goddess, Matsu goddess - Worship, Matsu goddess - Festival of Matsu

Read more here: » Matsu goddess: Encyclopedia II - Matsu goddess - The person

Zhu Wen was the most powerful warlord at the time in North China. Originally a member of Huang Chao's rebel army, he surrendered to the Tang Dynasty and was crucial in suppressing the rebellion. For this he was given the title of Xuanwu Jiedushi. Within a few years he had consolidated his power by destroying his neighbours, and was able to force a move of the imperial capital to Luoyang (modern Luoyang, Henan province), within his power base. In 904 he had the Emperor Zhaozong killed and put his 13-year-old son on the throne as a puppet rule ...

See also:

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period - Setting the stage, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period - The North, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period - The South, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period - List of Sovereigns, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period - Other regimes

Read more here: » Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period: Encyclopedia II - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period - The North

Plains in Hebei were the home of Peking man, a group of Homo erectus that lived in the area around 200,000 to 700,000 years ago. During the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC), Hebei was under the rule of the states of Yan (燕 yān) in the north and Zhao (赵 zhào) in the south, before both succumbed to the Qin Dynasty. The Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) ruled the area under two provinces (zhou), Youzhou Province (幽州 Yōuzhōu) in the north and Jizhou Province (冀州 Jìzhōu) in the south. At the end of the Han Dynas ...

See also:

Hebei, Hebei - History, Hebei - Geography, Hebei - Administrative divisions, Hebei - Economy, Hebei - Demographics, Hebei - Culture, Hebei - Transportation, Hebei - Tourism, Hebei - Miscellaneous topics, Hebei - Colleges and Universities

Read more here: » Hebei: Encyclopedia II - Hebei - History

On 20 October 1715, Antoine's eldest daughter and heiress Louise-Hippolyte married Jacques-François de Goyon-Matignon, who had signed a contract on 5 September 1715 by which he was obliged to take the surname Grimaldi. Louis XV thereupon recreated the title of Valentinois by letters patent, signed in December 1715 and registered on 2 September 1716, for Jacques, who was to succeed his father-in-law Antoine as Prince Jacques I; like the previous ...

See also:

Duke of Valentinois, Duke of Valentinois - First Creation, Duke of Valentinois - Second Creation, Duke of Valentinois - Third Creation, Duke of Valentinois - Fourth Creation, Duke of Valentinois - List of Counts and Dukes of Valentinois

Read more here: » Duke of Valentinois: Encyclopedia II - Duke of Valentinois - Fourth Creation

List of Leonese monarchs - Pérez Dynasty. Ordoño I (850–866) Alfonso III the Great (866–910) García I (910–914) Ordoño II (914–924), also the king of Galicia from 910 Fruela II (924–925), also the king of Galicia from 924 and of Asturias from 910 Alfonso IV the Monk (925–931), died 933 Ramiro II (931–951) Ordoño III (951–956) Sancho I the Fat (956–958) Ordoño IV the Wicked (958–960) Sancho I t ...

See also:

List of Leonese monarchs, List of Leonese monarchs - Kings of León, List of Leonese monarchs - Pérez Dynasty, List of Leonese monarchs - Jiménez Dynasty, List of Leonese monarchs - House of Burgundy, List of Leonese monarchs - House of Trastámara

Read more here: » List of Leonese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Leonese monarchs - Kings of León

Duklja - Early. De Administrando Imperio from the 10th century mentions it in the story of the province of Dalmatia: Now, the said Croatia and the rest of the Slavonic regions are situated thus: Diocleia is neighbour to the forts of Dyrrachium, I mean, to Elissus and to Helcynium and Antibari, and comes up as far as Decatera, and on the side of the mountain country it is neighbour to Serbia. It was one of the four southern Dalmatian Slavic principalities (Sclavinias), other three being Zachlumia, Trav ...

See also:

Duklja, Duklja - Name, Duklja - History, Duklja - Early, Duklja - High Voislav Golden Age, Duklja - Late Rascian, Duklja - List of rulers, Duklja - Chronology, Duklja - People Religion and Culture

Read more here: » Duklja: Encyclopedia II - Duklja - History