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8th century | A Wisdom Archive on 8th century | | 8th century A selection of articles related to 8th century | |
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8th century, 8th century, 8th century - Decades and years, 8th century - Events, 8th century - Inventions discoveries introductions, 8th century - Significant persons
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ARTICLES RELATED TO 8th century | |
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| | |  8th century: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Al-Andalus 8th-15th centuriesIn 711, Arabs and Berbers had converted to Islam, a religion founded in the 7th century by prophet Muhammad and which by the 8th century dominated all the north of Africa. A raiding party led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad was sent to intervene in a civil war in the Visigothic kingdoms in Iberia. Crossing the Strait of Gibraltar, it won a decisive victory in the summer of 711 when the Visigoth king Roderic was defeated and killed on July 19th at the Battle of Guadalete. Tariq's commander, Musa bin Nusair quickly crossed with substantial reinforcements, ...
See also:History of Spain, History of Spain - Early history, History of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th centuries, History of Spain - Al-Andalus 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Spain under the Habsburgs 16th-17th centuries, History of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain under the Bourbons 18th century, History of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War of Spanish Independence 1808-1814, History of Spain - Spain in the nineteenth century 1814-1873, History of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874, History of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931, History of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939, History of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, History of Spain - The dictatorship of Francisco Franco 1936-1975, History of Spain - The transition to democracy 1975-1978, History of Spain - Spain since 1978 Read more here: » History of Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Al-Andalus 8th-15th centuries |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th centuries Main articles: Visigoth and Visigothic Hispania
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Germanic tribes invaded the former empire, several turned sedentary and created successor-kingdoms to the Romans in various parts of Europe. Iberia was taken over by the Visigoths after 410.
In the Iberian peninsula, as elsewhere, the Empire fell not with a bang but with a whimper. Rather than there being any convenient date for the "fall of the Roman Empire" there was a progressive "de-Romaniza ...
See also:History of Spain, History of Spain - Early history, History of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th centuries, History of Spain - Al-Andalus 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Spain under the Habsburgs 16th-17th centuries, History of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain under the Bourbons 18th century, History of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War of Spanish Independence 1808-1814, History of Spain - Spain in the nineteenth century 1814-1873, History of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874, History of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931, History of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939, History of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, History of Spain - The dictatorship of Francisco Franco 1936-1975, History of Spain - The transition to democracy 1975-1978, History of Spain - Spain since 1978 Read more here: » History of Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th centuries |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th centuries The expulsion of the Muslims was reputedly started by the first King of Asturias, named Pelayo (718-737), who started his fight against the Moors in the mountains of Covadonga (722). Later, his sons and descendants continued with his work until all of the Muslims were expelled.
Meanwhile, in the east of the peninsula the Frankish emperors established the Marca Hispanica across the Pyrenees in pa ...
See also:History of Spain, History of Spain - Early history, History of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th centuries, History of Spain - Al-Andalus 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Spain under the Habsburgs 16th-17th centuries, History of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain under the Bourbons 18th century, History of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War of Spanish Independence 1808-1814, History of Spain - Spain in the nineteenth century 1814-1873, History of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874, History of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931, History of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939, History of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, History of Spain - The dictatorship of Francisco Franco 1936-1975, History of Spain - The transition to democracy 1975-1978, History of Spain - Spain since 1978 Read more here: » History of Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th centuries |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century 717 Caliph Omar II introduces discriminatory regulations against the dhimmi, among them for Jews to wear a special yellow garb.
722 Byzantine emperor Leo III forcibly converts all Jews and Montanists in the empire into mainstream Byzantine Christianity. (The Montanists were a Christian sect to begin with, but Leo III considered them to be heretics.)
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See also:History of anti-Semitism, History of anti-Semitism - Ancient animosity towards Jews, History of anti-Semitism - The 4th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 5th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 6th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 7th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 9th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 10th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 11th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 12th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 14th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 15th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 16th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 17th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 18th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 19th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 20th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 21st century, History of anti-Semitism - Books Read more here: » History of anti-Semitism: Encyclopedia II - History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - Italy in the Middle Ages - Goths Byzantines Lombards 6th-8th centuries Italy was invaded by the Visigoths in the 5th century, and Rome was sacked by Alaric in 410. By the end of the century the peninsula was mostly under Ostrogothic control, and the last Western Roman emperor, Romulus Augustus, was deposed in 476 by Odoacer. On February 25, 493 Theodoric the Great defeated Odoacer and became the king of the Ostrogoths and moved the capital to Ravenna.
The eastern half of the Empire, now centred on Constantinople, invaded Italy in the early 6th century, and the generals of emperor Justinian, Belisar ...
See also:Italy in the Middle Ages, Italy in the Middle Ages - Goths Byzantines Lombards 6th-8th centuries, Italy in the Middle Ages - Rise of the Catholic Church 4th century-8th century, Italy in the Middle Ages - The Holy Roman Empire 9th-10th centuries, Italy in the Middle Ages - The end of the Middle Ages 11th-14th centuries Read more here: » Italy in the Middle Ages: Encyclopedia II - Italy in the Middle Ages - Goths Byzantines Lombards 6th-8th centuries |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - Miniature illuminated manuscript - North-west Europe 8th–12th centuries In the native schools of illumination of Western Europe, decoration only was the leading motive. In the manuscripts of the Merovingian period, in the school which connected Frankland and northern Italy, and which is known as Lombardic or Franco-Lombardic, in the manuscripts of Spain, in the productions of the Celtic school of the British Isles, figure-drawing was scarcely known, serving rather as a feature of decoration than as a representation of the human form.
The Anglo-Saxon school, developed especially at Canterbury and Wincheste ...
See also:Miniature illuminated manuscript, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Italy and Byzantium 3rd–6th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - North-west Europe 8th–12th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Northwest Europe 13th–15th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Italy 13th–15th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Persia Read more here: » Miniature illuminated manuscript: Encyclopedia II - Miniature illuminated manuscript - North-west Europe 8th–12th centuries |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Spain under the Habsburgs 16th-17th centuries Spain's powerful world empire of the great 16th and 17th centuries reached its height and declined under the Habsburgs. The Spanish Empire reached its maximum extent in Europe under Charles I of Spain, who was also (as Charles V) emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Charles V became king in 1516, and the history of Spain became even more firmly enmeshed with the dynastic struggles in Europe. During his reign, the Spanish economy was drastically reoriented by the beginnings of the influx of precious metals from America. The king was not o ...
See also:History of Spain, History of Spain - Early history, History of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th centuries, History of Spain - Al-Andalus 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Spain under the Habsburgs 16th-17th centuries, History of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain under the Bourbons 18th century, History of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War of Spanish Independence 1808-1814, History of Spain - Spain in the nineteenth century 1814-1873, History of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874, History of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931, History of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939, History of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, History of Spain - The dictatorship of Francisco Franco 1936-1975, History of Spain - The transition to democracy 1975-1978, History of Spain - Spain since 1978 Read more here: » History of Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Spain under the Habsburgs 16th-17th centuries |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain under the Bourbons 18th century Philip V, the first Bourbon king, of French origin, signed the Decreto de Nueva Planta in 1715, a new law that revoked most of the historical rights and privileges of the different kingdoms that conformed the Spanish Crown, unifying them under the laws of Castile, where the Cortes had been more receptive to the royal wish. Spain became culturally and politically a follower of absolutist France. The rule of the Spanish Bourbons continued under Ferdinand VI and Charles III.
Under the rule of Charles III and his ministers, Leopold ...
See also:History of Spain, History of Spain - Early history, History of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th centuries, History of Spain - Al-Andalus 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Spain under the Habsburgs 16th-17th centuries, History of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain under the Bourbons 18th century, History of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War of Spanish Independence 1808-1814, History of Spain - Spain in the nineteenth century 1814-1873, History of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874, History of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931, History of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939, History of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, History of Spain - The dictatorship of Francisco Franco 1936-1975, History of Spain - The transition to democracy 1975-1978, History of Spain - Spain since 1978 Read more here: » History of Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain under the Bourbons 18th century |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Early history The earliest history of the Iberian peninsula is discussed as part of prehistoric Europe. Before the Roman Empire, the Iberian Peninsula was never politically unified, see Preroman Iberia for a discussion of the indigenous Celtiberian groups and the trading ports established by the Greek, Tyrian (Phoenician), and later Carthaginian along the Mediterranean coast.
Roman Iberia is discussed under Hispania and in entries keyed to the Roman provinces into which it was divided: Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Citerior during the late Roman R ...
See also:History of Spain, History of Spain - Early history, History of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th centuries, History of Spain - Al-Andalus 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Spain under the Habsburgs 16th-17th centuries, History of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain under the Bourbons 18th century, History of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War of Spanish Independence 1808-1814, History of Spain - Spain in the nineteenth century 1814-1873, History of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874, History of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931, History of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939, History of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, History of Spain - The dictatorship of Francisco Franco 1936-1975, History of Spain - The transition to democracy 1975-1978, History of Spain - Spain since 1978 Read more here: » History of Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Early history |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - History of Italy during Roman times - The origins of Rome 8th-6th centuries BC According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus, and was then governed by seven Kings of Rome. In 509 BC the last of them, Tarquinius Superbus was overthrown, and the Roman Republic was formed.
The Republic was ruled by two elected consuls at a time, while the Senate (formed by the most notable Patricians, that is, aristocrats) and a city assembly formed a sort of Parliament.
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See also:History of Italy during Roman times, History of Italy during Roman times - The origins of Rome 8th-6th centuries BC, History of Italy during Roman times - Territorial expansion 5th-2nd centuries BC, History of Italy during Roman times - Civil Wars 1st century BC, History of Italy during Roman times - The Roman Empire 1st-2nd centuries AD, History of Italy during Roman times - Decline and Fall 3rd-5th centuries Read more here: » History of Italy during Roman times: Encyclopedia II - History of Italy during Roman times - The origins of Rome 8th-6th centuries BC |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - Japanese literature - History Japanese Literature is generally divided into three main periods: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern.
Japanese literature - Ancient Literature pre-8th Century.
With the introduction of kanji (Chinese characters) from the Asian mainland, writing became possible. Before this there had been no native writing system. The only literary language was classical Chinese to begin with; later, Chinese characters were adapted to write Japanese, creating what is known as the man'yōgana, the earliest form of kana, or syllab ...
See also:Japanese literature, Japanese literature - History, Japanese literature - Ancient Literature pre-8th Century, Japanese literature - Classical Literature 8th Century - 12th Century, Japanese literature - Medieval Literature 13th Century - 16th Century, Japanese literature - Early-Modern Literature 17th Century - mid-19th Century, Japanese literature - Meiji and Taisho Literature late 19th Century - WW II, Japanese literature - Post-war literature, Japanese literature - The Future of Japanese Literature, Japanese literature - Significant authors and works, Japanese literature - Awards and Contests, Japanese literature - Resources Read more here: » Japanese literature: Encyclopedia II - Japanese literature - History |
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| | | | 8th century: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War of Spanish Independence 1808-1814 Spain initially sided against France in the Napoleonic Wars, but the defeat of her army early in the war led to Charles IV's pragmatic decision to align with the revolutionary French. The Spanish fleet was annihilated, along with the French, at the decisive Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, prompting the vacillating king of Spain to reconsider his alliance with France. Spain broke off from the Continental System temporarily, and Napoleon - aggravated with the Bourbon kings of Spain - invaded and d ...
See also:History of Spain, History of Spain - Early history, History of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th centuries, History of Spain - Al-Andalus 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Spain under the Habsburgs 16th-17th centuries, History of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain under the Bourbons 18th century, History of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War of Spanish Independence 1808-1814, History of Spain - Spain in the nineteenth century 1814-1873, History of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874, History of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931, History of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939, History of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, History of Spain - The dictatorship of Francisco Franco 1936-1975, History of Spain - The transition to democracy 1975-1978, History of Spain - Spain since 1978 Read more here: » History of Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War of Spanish Independence 1808-1814 |
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