840

Events After the death of Louis the Pious, his sons Lothar, Charles the Bald and Louis the German fight over the division of the empire, with Lothar succeding as Emperor. Tang Wu Zong succeeds Tang Wen Zong as emperor of China. Foundation of Dublin by Vikings. Births Aed I of Scotland (approximate date) (d. 878) Edmund of East Anglia (approximate date) (d. 870) Deaths June 20 - Louis the Pious, King of the Franks, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 778) Emper ...

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This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. The title of all Emperors listed preceding Heraclius was officially Augustus, although various other titles such as Dominus were used as well. For official purposes, their names were preceded by Imperator Caesar Flavius and followed by Augustus. Following Heraclius, the title became the Greek Basileus (Gr. Βασιλευς), which had formerly meant "king" but now was used in place of Augustus. Other (and to Roman minds, lesser) kings were titled by the neologi ...

Including:

• List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile

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Capua (modern Santa Maria Capua Vetere) was the chief ancient city of Campania, and one of the most important towns of ancient Italy, situated 25 km (16 mi) north of Neapolis, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain. Capua - History. The name of Capua comes from the Etruscan, Capue. The meaning remains unknown. Its foundation is attributed by Cato the Elder to the Etruscans, and the date given as about 260 years before it was "taken" by Rome. If this be referred, not to its capture ...

Including:

• Capua - History
• Capua - Remains
• Capua - Amphitheatre
• Capua - Miscellaneous

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April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). There are 259 days remaining. April 16 - Events. 1178 BC - A solar eclipse may mark the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom after the Trojan War. 1071 - Bari falls to Robert Guiscard, ending Byzantine rule in Italy. 1521 - Martin Luther's first appearance before the Diet of Worms to be examined by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the rest of the ...

Including:

• April 16 - Events
• April 16 - Births
• April 16 - Deaths
• April 16 - Holidays and observances

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edit Many Christians have experienced persecution from both non-Christians and from other Christians during the history of Christianity. Persecution may refer to unwarranted arrest, imprisonment, beating, torture, or execution. It also may refer to the confiscation or destruction of property, or incitement to hate Christians. Persecution of Christians - Jewish persecution of Christians. The New Testament reports that the earliest Christians suffered persecution at the hands of the Jewish lead ...

Including:

• Persecution of Christians - Jewish persecution of Christians
• Persecution of Christians - Later Jewish persecution of Christians
• Persecution of Christians - Persecution of early Christians by Romans
• Persecution of Christians - Persecutions narrated in the New Testament
• Persecution of Christians - Rise of Persecution in the Roman Empire
• Persecution of Christians - Persecution under Nero 64-68 A.D.
• Persecution of Christians - Persecution in the 2nd Century
• Persecution of Christians - Early persecutions outside the Roman Empire
• Persecution of Christians - Persecution of Christians by Christians
• Persecution of Christians - Islamic persecution of Christians
• Persecution of Christians - Iconoclasm
• Persecution of Christians - Ottoman Empire
• Persecution of Christians - Genocide in Turkey
• Persecution of Christians - Persecution of Christians in Sudan
• Persecution of Christians - Persecution of Assyrian Christians in the Middle East
• Persecution of Christians - Attacks on Christians by Islamists in Pakistan
• Persecution of Christians - Attacks on Christians by Islamists in Indonesia
• Persecution of Christians - Discrimination and persecution in other Arab and Muslim nations
• Persecution of Christians - Persecution in Kosovo
• Persecution of Christians - Nazi-Fascist persecution
• Persecution of Christians - Discrimination and persecution in the Soviet Union
• Persecution of Christians - Persecution in other Eastern Bloc nations
• Persecution of Christians - Persecution of Christians in China
• Persecution of Christians - Emperor Tang Wu Zong
• Persecution of Christians - Qing Dynasty
• Persecution of Christians - People's Republic of China
• Persecution of Christians - Persecution in Japan
• Persecution of Christians - Arrival of Christianity
• Persecution of Christians - Edo Period
• Persecution of Christians - Meiji Revolution and WWII
• Persecution of Christians - 1945 onwards
• Persecution of Christians - Hindu persecution of Christians
• Persecution of Christians - Recent Christian Persecution in Other Countries

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Al-Khwarizmi was an Iranian astrologer, mathematician, astronomer, scientist, and author born around 800 and died around 840. The word Algebra is derived from the title of one of his books Al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabilah and consequently he is considered to be the father of Algebra. Al-Khwarizmi - Introduction. Khwarizmi was born in the town of Khwarizm (now Khiva), in Khorasan province of Persia (now in Uzbekistan). Some historians argue though that he was born in Qutrubulli, a small town near ...

Including:

• Al-Khwarizmi - Introduction
• Al-Khwarizmi - Contributions
• Al-Khwarizmi - Alternate spellings of name
• Al-Khwarizmi - Famous works
• Al-Khwarizmi - Other sources to use

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Alfred (849? – 26 October 899) or Ælfred was king of the southern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is famous for his defence of the kingdom against the Danes (Vikings), becoming as a result the only English monarch to be awarded the epithet "the Great" by his people. Alfred was the first King of Wessex to style himself "King of England". Details of his life are known as a result of a work by the Welsh scholar, Asser. A learned man, Alfred encouraged education and improved the kingdom's law system (Doom b ...

Including:

• Alfred the Great - Childhood
• Alfred the Great - Public life
• Alfred the Great - Accession
• Alfred the Great - Reorganization
• Alfred the Great - Foreign relations
• Alfred the Great - Christianity literature and music
• Alfred the Great - Death
• Alfred the Great - Appearances in Fiction

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Charlemagne (c.742 or 747–28 January 814) (also Charles the Great; from Latin, Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus) was the king of the Franks from 768 to 814 and king of the Lombards from 774 to 781. He was crowned Imperator Augustus in Rome on Christmas Day, 800 by Pope Leo III and is therefore regarded as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire, a reincarnation of the ancient Western Roman Empire. Through military conquest and defence, he solidified and expanded his realm to cover most of Western Euro ...

Including:

• Charlemagne - Background
• Charlemagne - Date and place of birth
• Charlemagne - Life
• Charlemagne - Early life
• Charlemagne - Joint rule
• Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy
• Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns
• Charlemagne - Spanish campaign
• Charlemagne - Imperator
• Charlemagne - Administration
• Charlemagne - Death
• Charlemagne - Cultural significance
• Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance
• Charlemagne - Family
• Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs
• Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards
• Charlemagne - Sources

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Bodo (823-876) was the palace deacon and confessor to Louis the Pious. In early 838, he made a pilgrimage to Rome and converted to Judaism. His conversion was regarded as a rejection of the Carolingian culture. Bodo left France for Muslim Spain in 839. He took the Jewish name Eleazar and married a Jewish woman. Bodo later went into military service at Saragossa. He incited the Moorish governmen ...

Including:

• Bishop Bodo - Correspondance with Alvaro

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Alamut was once a mountain fortress in the arid hills south of the Caspian Sea, near Qazvin, about 100 km from present-day Tehran in Iran. Only ruins remain of this fortress today. The fortress was built in 840 according to Hamdollah Mostowfi at 2100 m elevation. It was built in a way that had only one possible entrance, thus making conquering the fortress extremely difficult. The fort has an unusual system of water supply. In 1090 the fortress was invaded and occupied by the powerful Hashshashin (Assassins), and was then fabled for its gardens and libraries. The ruins o ...

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Nestorianism is the Christian doctrine that Jesus existed as two persons, the man Jesus and the divine Son of God, rather than as a unified person. This doctrine is identified with Nestorius (c.386–c.451), Patriarch of Constantinople, although it is inappropriately named since he himself denied holding this belief. This view of Christ was condemned at the Council of Ephesus in 431, and the conflict over this view led to the Nestorian schism, separating the Ass ...

Including:

• Nestorianism - Nestorius
• Nestorianism - Christological implications
• Nestorianism - The involvement of the Assyrian Church
• Nestorianism - The spread of Nestorianism
• Nestorianism - Modern Nestorianism

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Tocharian is one of the most obscure branches of the Indo-European language group. It consisted of two languages, Tocharian A (Turfanian, Arsi, or East Tocharian) and Tocharian B (Kuchean or West Tocharian). These languages were spoken roughly from the 6th to 8th centuries, before they became extinct, their speakers being either wiped out or assimilated by the expanding Uighur tribes. Both languages were once spoken in the Tarim Basin in Central Asia, now the Xinjiang province of China. The name of the language is ...

Including:

• Tocharian languages - Phonetics
• Tocharian languages - Writing system
• Tocharian languages - Cultural significance

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The Yugur (Simplified: 裕固族; Traditional: 裕固族; Hanyu Pinyin: Yùgù Zú), or Yellow Uygur or Yellow Uighur as they are traditionally known, are one of China's 56 officially recognized nationalities, consisting of 13,719 persons according to the 2000 census. The Yugur live primarily in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County in Gānsù Province. About 4,600 of the Yugur speak a Turkic language and about 2,800 a Mongolic language; the remaining Yugur of the Autonomous County lost their respective Yug ...

Including:

• Yugur - External link
• Yugur - Literature

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They are not in the proleptic Gregorian calendar. ——— Image courtesy of chinapage.com Emperor Tang Wuzong (武宗 814-846), born Li Yan, was a later emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. He reigned from 840 to 846. Wuzong is remembered mainly for the religious persecution that occurred during his reign. Wuzong ascended to the throne in a time of economic and political crisis. Military eunuchs had controlled the government for some time. They had put the previous emperor, Wenzong, u ...

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Transcendentalism was the name of a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that advocates that there is an ideal spiritual state that 'transcends' the physical and empirical and is only realized through a knowledgeable intuitive awareness that is conditional upon the individual. The concept emerged in New England in the early-to mid-nineteenth century. It is sometimes called "American Transcendentalism" to distinguish it from other uses of the word transcendental. It began as a protest ...

Including:

• Transcendentalism - History
• Transcendentalism - Origins
• Transcendentalism - Other meanings of transcendentalism

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Walafrid (also Walahfrid), surnamed Strabo (or Strabus, i.e. "squint-eyed") (d. August 18, 849), German monk and theological writer, was born about 808 in Swabia. Walafrid Strabo - Life. Walafrid was educated at the monastery of Reichenau, near Constance, where he had for his teachers Tatto and Wettin, to the dying visions of the latter he devotes one of his poems. Then he went to Fulda, where he studied for some time under Hrabanus Maurus before returning to Reichenau, of which monaste ...

Including:

• Walafrid Strabo - Life
• Walafrid Strabo - Works
• Walafrid Strabo - Bibliography

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Dalriada or Dál Riata (as it was called in Ireland) was the kingdom of the Scotti, who spread from eastern Ulster to Argyll and eventually gave their name to Scotland. Aidan mac Gabhráin, who reigned from 574 to 608 as king of Dál Riata, built a strong navy and waged aggressive war, raiding as far as the Isle of Man and the Orkney Islands. He was less successful in land battles and lost the Battle of Degsastan in 603 to the Angles. The kingdom's power in Ulster was greatly diminished by a decisive defeat by the O'Neill ...

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Saint Clement of Ohrid (ca. 840–916), was a medieval Bulgarian scholar and writer, the first Bulgarian archbishop. Evidence about his life before his arrival in Bulgaria is scarce but according to his hagiography by St. Theophylactus of Ohrid, Clement was born in southwestern Bulgaria. As a disciple of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, Clement participated in the mission of Cyril and Methodius to Great Moravia. After the death of Cyril, Clement accompanied Methodius from Rome to Panonia and Great Moravia. After the death of Me ...

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Charlemagne - Early life. Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pippin the Short (714–24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720–12 July 783), daughter of Caribert of Laon and Bertrada of Cologne. He was the elder brother of Carloman and Gisela. Some sources indicate that he was the brother of Redburga, wife of King Egbert of Wessex, and Bertha, mother of the famous Roland, but he is only ever recorde ...

See also:

Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources

Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Life

Franks - Foundation. In 355–358, the later Emperor Julian once again found the shipping lanes on the Rhine under control of the Franks and again pacified them. Rome granted a considerable part of Gallia Belgica to the Franks. From this time on they became foederati of the Roman Empire. A region roughly corresponding to present-day Flanders and the Netherlands south of the rivers remains a Germanic-speaking region to this day. (The West Germanic language known as Dutch predominates there now.) The Franks thus became ...

See also:

Franks, Franks - The earliest records of the Franks, Franks - The Frankish Empire, Franks - Foundation, Franks - The Merovingians, Franks - The Carolingians, Franks - Carolingian legacy, Franks - Crusaders and other Western Europeans as Franks

Read more here: » Franks: Encyclopedia II - Franks - The Frankish Empire