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The surface is usually covered with sea ice in the Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June. There is a clockwise warm-water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern Atlantic, and a counter-clockwise warm-water gyre in the southern Atlantic. The ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin, first discovered by the Challenger Expedition. Atlantic Ocean - Elevation extremes. lowest point: Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench -8,605 m ...

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Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean - Ocean bottom, Atlantic Ocean - Water characteristics, Atlantic Ocean - Climate, Atlantic Ocean - History and economy, Atlantic Ocean - Terrain, Atlantic Ocean - Elevation extremes, Atlantic Ocean - Natural resources, Atlantic Ocean - Natural hazards, Atlantic Ocean - Current environmental issues, Atlantic Ocean - Notes on geography, Atlantic Ocean - Ports and harbours, Atlantic Ocean - Note on transportation

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Wichita Falls is home to Midwestern State University, an accredited 4-year college offering both bachelor's and master's degrees. Public primary and secondary education is covered by the Wichita Falls Independent School District, the City View Independent School District, and the Bright Ideas Charter School. There are several parochial schools, the largest of which is Notre Dame Catholic School. Other private schools operate in the city, as does an active home-school community. Many of the local elementary schools participate in the H ...

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Wichita Falls Texas, Wichita Falls Texas - Geography, Wichita Falls Texas - Demographics, Wichita Falls Texas - Transportation, Wichita Falls Texas - Highways, Wichita Falls Texas - Air Travel, Wichita Falls Texas - Van Service, Wichita Falls Texas - Education, Wichita Falls Texas - Sports and Recreation, Wichita Falls Texas - 1979 tornado, Wichita Falls Texas - Maps of Wichita Falls Texas

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Wichita Falls is the home of the annual Hotter'N Hell Hundred, the largest century (one hundred mile) bicycle ride in the US. Soccer legend Mia Hamm grew up in Wichita Falls, but left to finish high school in Northern Virginia and later played for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Race car driver Lloyd Ruby was born in Wichita Falls. The band Bowling for Soup originated here, thoug ...

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Wichita Falls Texas, Wichita Falls Texas - Geography, Wichita Falls Texas - Demographics, Wichita Falls Texas - Transportation, Wichita Falls Texas - Highways, Wichita Falls Texas - Air Travel, Wichita Falls Texas - Van Service, Wichita Falls Texas - Education, Wichita Falls Texas - Sports and Recreation, Wichita Falls Texas - 1979 tornado, Wichita Falls Texas - Maps of Wichita Falls Texas

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Wichita Falls Texas - Highways. Wichita Falls is the western terminus for Interstate 44. U.S. Highways leading to or through Wichita Falls includes 287, 277, 281, and 82. Texas State Highway 240 ends at Wichita Falls and State Highway 79 runs through it. Wichita Falls Texas - Air Travel. The Wichita Falls Municipal Airport is served by American Eagle with six flights daily to the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. The Kickapoo Downtown Airpark and the Wichita Valley Airport serve smaller, private planes. See also:

Wichita Falls Texas, Wichita Falls Texas - Geography, Wichita Falls Texas - Demographics, Wichita Falls Texas - Transportation, Wichita Falls Texas - Highways, Wichita Falls Texas - Air Travel, Wichita Falls Texas - Van Service, Wichita Falls Texas - Education, Wichita Falls Texas - Sports and Recreation, Wichita Falls Texas - 1979 tornado, Wichita Falls Texas - Maps of Wichita Falls Texas

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Wichita Falls is located at 33°53'49" North, 98°30'54" West (33.897047, -98.514881)GR1. The city is about 15 miles from the border with Oklahoma. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 183.1 km² (70.7 mi²). 183.1 km² (70.7 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.03% water. ...

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Wichita Falls Texas, Wichita Falls Texas - Geography, Wichita Falls Texas - Demographics, Wichita Falls Texas - Transportation, Wichita Falls Texas - Highways, Wichita Falls Texas - Air Travel, Wichita Falls Texas - Van Service, Wichita Falls Texas - Education, Wichita Falls Texas - Sports and Recreation, Wichita Falls Texas - 1979 tornado, Wichita Falls Texas - Maps of Wichita Falls Texas

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The Atlantic Ocean appears to be the second youngest of the world's oceans, after the Southern Ocean. Evidence indicates that it did not exist prior to 180 million years ago, when the continents that formed from the breakup of the ancestral supercontinent, Pangaea, were being rafted apart by the process of seafloor spreading. The Atlantic has been extensively explored since the earliest settlements were established along its shores. The Vikings, Portuguese, and Christopher Columbus were the most famous among its early explorers. After Columb ...

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Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean - Ocean bottom, Atlantic Ocean - Water characteristics, Atlantic Ocean - Climate, Atlantic Ocean - History and economy, Atlantic Ocean - Terrain, Atlantic Ocean - Elevation extremes, Atlantic Ocean - Natural resources, Atlantic Ocean - Natural hazards, Atlantic Ocean - Current environmental issues, Atlantic Ocean - Notes on geography, Atlantic Ocean - Ports and harbours, Atlantic Ocean - Note on transportation

Read more here: » Atlantic Ocean: Encyclopedia II - Atlantic Ocean - History and economy

The salinity of the surface waters in the open ocean ranges from 33 to 37 parts per thousand by mass and varies with latitude and season. Although the minimum salinity values are found just north of the equator, in general the lowest values are in the high latitudes and along coasts where large rivers flow into the ocean. Maximum salinity values occur at about 25° north latitude. Surface salinity values are influenced by evaporati ...

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Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean - Ocean bottom, Atlantic Ocean - Water characteristics, Atlantic Ocean - Climate, Atlantic Ocean - History and economy, Atlantic Ocean - Terrain, Atlantic Ocean - Elevation extremes, Atlantic Ocean - Natural resources, Atlantic Ocean - Natural hazards, Atlantic Ocean - Current environmental issues, Atlantic Ocean - Notes on geography, Atlantic Ocean - Ports and harbours, Atlantic Ocean - Note on transportation

Read more here: » Atlantic Ocean: Encyclopedia II - Atlantic Ocean - Water characteristics

The First Intifada began in 1987. It was a partially spontaneous uprising among Palestinians in the Occupied Territories against Israeli repression. Daily, the riots escalated throughout the territories and were especially severe in the Gaza Strip. The intifada soon became an international concern. On December 22 that year the UN Security Council passed United Nations Security Council Resolution 605 which condemned Israel's handling of the first Intifada.^{See also:}

History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Origins, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Jewish immigration, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Great Uprising, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - World War II and its aftermath, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The 1947 partition plan, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The war for Palestine, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The founding of the PLO, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Six-Day War, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The first intifada, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Footnotes

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Main article: 1982 Lebanon War After the PLO was ousted from Jordan, its previous base, in 1970 it relocated to southern Lebanon. From there it carried out attacks into Israel. Ending these attacks was one of the reasons given for the 1982 Lebanon War as a result of which the PLO was forced to relocate to Tunisia. During the war, the bloody Sabra and Shatila Massacre took place. It was carried out by Phalangist Christian Arab militias, allied to Israel, on September 16-17, 1982. Estimates of victims ranged from 700 to ov ...

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History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Origins, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Jewish immigration, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Great Uprising, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - World War II and its aftermath, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The 1947 partition plan, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The war for Palestine, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The founding of the PLO, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Six-Day War, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The first intifada, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Footnotes

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The censors were elected in the Centuriate Assembly held under the presidency of a consul (Auli Gellii xiii.15; Livy xl.45). Barthold Niebuhr suggests that they were at first elected by the Curiate Assembly, and that their election was confirmed by the Centuriate; but William Smith believes that "there is no authority for this supposition, and the truth of it depends entirely upon the correctness of [Niehbur's] views respecting the election of the consuls". Both censors had to be elected on the same day, and accordingly if the voting for the second was not finished, the election of the first was invalidated, and a new as ...

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Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum

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Outside of North America, the influence of Hardcore has been less universal. The Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Germany had, and continue to have, notably active and prolific scenes, but in the United Kingdom, more traditional punk bands like The Exploited, GBH, Discharge, and The Anti-Nowhere League occupied the cultural space that hardcore did elsewhere. These UK bands at times showed a superficial similarity to American hardcore, often including quick tempos and chord changes, and generally had similar political and social sensibilitie ...

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Hardcore punk, Hardcore punk - Overview, Hardcore punk - History, Hardcore punk - The Big 3, Hardcore punk - Early support, Hardcore punk - Negative publicity, Hardcore punk - Moshing and dancing, Hardcore punk - Influence, Hardcore punk - Early history in Europe and the UK, Hardcore punk - Hardcore in the 1990s, Hardcore punk - Heavy Hardcore, Hardcore punk - Progression and experimentation, Hardcore punk - Hardcore today, Hardcore punk - Hardcore bands

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Even though American Hardcore is often thought of solely as a product of 1980s Reaganism, many bands have continued to play an aggressive form of punk rock similar to hardcore well into the 1990s and even into the early 2000s. Many of the '90s/'00s hardcore bands began to include new sounds into hardcore while retaining hardcore's aggression. Seattle's Zeke incorporated the heavier guitar sound and ranted vocals similar to Stormtroopers of Death into hardcore and, eventually, evolved into a thrash metal band. Other bands to follow a similar, hardcore metal, path include Pennywise and The Dwarves. < ...

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Hardcore punk, Hardcore punk - Overview, Hardcore punk - History, Hardcore punk - The Big 3, Hardcore punk - Early support, Hardcore punk - Negative publicity, Hardcore punk - Moshing and dancing, Hardcore punk - Influence, Hardcore punk - Early history in Europe and the UK, Hardcore punk - Hardcore in the 1990s, Hardcore punk - Heavy Hardcore, Hardcore punk - Progression and experimentation, Hardcore punk - Hardcore today, Hardcore punk - Hardcore bands

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The hardcore scene was responsible for intensifying the moshpit. Early New York and London punk gigs gave birth to the practice, but soon after hardcore came to prominence, its fans turned it into an artform. One notable innovation came from Huntington Beach. The circle pit began life as the H.B. Strut, a violent dance that involved participants strutting in a circle around the rim of the pit, swinging their limbs into onlookers. A somewhat accurate representation of the dance can be seen as the Circle Jerks po ...

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Hardcore punk, Hardcore punk - Overview, Hardcore punk - History, Hardcore punk - The Big 3, Hardcore punk - Early support, Hardcore punk - Negative publicity, Hardcore punk - Moshing and dancing, Hardcore punk - Influence, Hardcore punk - Early history in Europe and the UK, Hardcore punk - Hardcore in the 1990s, Hardcore punk - Heavy Hardcore, Hardcore punk - Progression and experimentation, Hardcore punk - Hardcore today, Hardcore punk - Hardcore bands

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The original DART service, provided from 1984 onwards, ran from Howth, a fishing village to the north of Dublin city centre, through the city centre stations of Connolly, Tara Street, and Pearse, to the port suburb of Dún Laoghaire and terminated at Bray. This was the route for some 15 years, when the electrification was extended south one stop to Greystones, and North from Howth Junction two stops along the Be ...

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Dublin Area Rapid Transit, Dublin Area Rapid Transit - Development and Redevelopment of the DART, Dublin Area Rapid Transit - Operational Details, Dublin Area Rapid Transit - DART's Competitors, Dublin Area Rapid Transit - Criticism of DART, Dublin Area Rapid Transit - Integration with road traffic, Dublin Area Rapid Transit - Criticism of the DART concept, Dublin Area Rapid Transit - DART stations, Dublin Area Rapid Transit - List of DART stations

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Hardcore originated in the late 1970s and early '80s in North America, primarily in and around Los Angeles and Washington, DC, but also in around New York City, Vancouver, Boston, and other cities. Former DC club promoter Steven Blush claimed, in his book, American Hardcore: A Tribal History, that hardcore was punk rock adapted for suburban teens. Hardcore lyrics often express righteous indignation at society, us ...

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Hardcore punk, Hardcore punk - Overview, Hardcore punk - History, Hardcore punk - The Big 3, Hardcore punk - Early support, Hardcore punk - Negative publicity, Hardcore punk - Moshing and dancing, Hardcore punk - Influence, Hardcore punk - Early history in Europe and the UK, Hardcore punk - Hardcore in the 1990s, Hardcore punk - Heavy Hardcore, Hardcore punk - Progression and experimentation, Hardcore punk - Hardcore today, Hardcore punk - Hardcore bands

Read more here: » Hardcore punk: Encyclopedia II - Hardcore punk - Overview

Michael Azerrad’s Our Band Could Be Your Life traces hardcore back to three bands: He calls LA’s Black Flag (formed in 1976) the music’s “godfathers”; he credits the Bad Brains, formed in Washington, D.C. in 1978, with introducing their often astonishingly fast “light speed” tempos; and calls Minor Threat, another Washington, D.C. group formed in 1980, the “definitive” hardcore punk band. The Bad Brains were a young African-American band from Washington, DC, with a background in soul and funk, but also an inte ...

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Hardcore punk, Hardcore punk - Overview, Hardcore punk - History, Hardcore punk - The Big 3, Hardcore punk - Early support, Hardcore punk - Negative publicity, Hardcore punk - Moshing and dancing, Hardcore punk - Influence, Hardcore punk - Early history in Europe and the UK, Hardcore punk - Hardcore in the 1990s, Hardcore punk - Heavy Hardcore, Hardcore punk - Progression and experimentation, Hardcore punk - Hardcore today, Hardcore punk - Hardcore bands

Read more here: » Hardcore punk: Encyclopedia II - Hardcore punk - The Big 3

There are still many bands today that follow the lines of original hardcore. It has evolved somewhat since the '80s but still follows many of the ideals. There are also many contemporary bands who play hardcore in an original, purist sense while attempting to add even more intensity to the music. These bands often adhere to a specific local flavor of hardcore. Another common trend is to try to capture the sound of influential bands from an earlier era. One example of this would be D-beat bands who emulate the early music of Discharge, like Deathc ...

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Hardcore punk, Hardcore punk - Overview, Hardcore punk - History, Hardcore punk - The Big 3, Hardcore punk - Early support, Hardcore punk - Negative publicity, Hardcore punk - Moshing and dancing, Hardcore punk - Influence, Hardcore punk - Early history in Europe and the UK, Hardcore punk - Hardcore in the 1990s, Hardcore punk - Heavy Hardcore, Hardcore punk - Progression and experimentation, Hardcore punk - Hardcore today, Hardcore punk - Hardcore bands

Read more here: » Hardcore punk: Encyclopedia II - Hardcore punk - Hardcore today

The census was first established by Servius Tullius, the fifth king of Rome. After the expulsion of the kings it was taken by the consuls until 443 BC. In 442 BC, military tribunes with consular power were appointed in place of the consuls; and as these tribunes might be plebeians, the patricians deprived the consuls and consequently their representatives, the tribunes, of the right of taking the census, and entrusted it to two magistrates, called censores (English censors), who wer ...

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Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum

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Main article: 1948 Arab-Israeli war, See also: Palestinian Exodus, Immigration to Israel from Arab lands Following November 29, 1947, the Yishuv was attacked by Arab irregulars. This "battle of roads" consisted mainly of ambushes against logistical convoys and traveling Jews. Jewish underground groups carried out some raids in retaliation (including some apparently deliberate attacks on civilians, such as the Deir Yassin massacre), but full scale war erupted on ...

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History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Origins, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Jewish immigration, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Great Uprising, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - World War II and its aftermath, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The 1947 partition plan, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The war for Palestine, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The founding of the PLO, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Six-Day War, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The first intifada, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Footnotes

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Main article: Palestine Liberation Organization In 1964, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded. It was the first Palestinian organization that worked for the right of Palestinian refugees to return, and, initially, for the destruction of Israel. From the start, the organization used armed struggle in the conflict with Israel. From 1969 to 2004 the PLO was led by Yasser Arafat. At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, the Palestinian Black September group, a militant faction of the PLO, carri ...

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History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Origins, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Jewish immigration, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Great Uprising, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - World War II and its aftermath, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The 1947 partition plan, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The war for Palestine, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The founding of the PLO, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Six-Day War, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The first intifada, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Footnotes

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Main article: 1947 UN Partition plan The newly-formed United Nations appointed a committee, UNSCOP, to try to solve the dispute between the Zionists and the Palestinians. UNSCOP recommended that Mandatory Palestine be split into three parts, a Jewish State with a majority Jewish population, an Arab State with a majority Arab population and an International Zone comprising Jerusalem and the surrounding area where the Jewish and Arab populations would be roughly equal. Under the plan, the Jewish State would comprise most of the c ...

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History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Origins, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Jewish immigration, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Great Uprising, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - World War II and its aftermath, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The 1947 partition plan, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The war for Palestine, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The founding of the PLO, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Six-Day War, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The first intifada, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Encyclopedia II - History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The 1947 partition plan

During the war and after, the British forbade European Jews entry into Palestine. This was partly a calculated move to maximize support for their cause in World War II among Arabs. That the Zionists would support the anti-semitic Axis was unlikely (though attempts at cooperation were not entirely unheard of: see Lehi) and the British government considered it worth sacrificing Jewish sentiment in an attempt to gain Arab support. The immigration policy was also in res ...

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History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Origins, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Jewish immigration, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Great Uprising, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - World War II and its aftermath, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The 1947 partition plan, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The war for Palestine, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The founding of the PLO, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Six-Day War, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The first intifada, History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Encyclopedia II - History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - World War II and its aftermath