See Demographics of Islam. Present estimates generally stem from the 1980s before or slightly after the Iran-Iraq War indicate that some 79% of the world's Muslims are Sunni and approximately 19% are Shi'a. One of the lingering problems in estimating the Shi'a population is that unless the Shi'a form a significant minority in a Muslim country, the entire population of it has been listed as Sunni. The reverse, however, has not been held true. This is c ...

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Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Etymology, Shi'a Islam - Introduction, Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines, Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations, Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions, Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a Hadith, Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar, Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a, Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations, Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam

Al-Ma'mun came to power by defeating his brother in battle. The father of the two brothers was Harun al-Rashid who had ordered that al-Amin be his successor and al-Ma'mun be the governor of Khurasan. His mother was Persian. Al-Ma'mun was to succeed al-Amin upon the latter's death. However, al-Amin would ignore his father's decision, declaring his own son Musa to be his heir. This led to a conflict between the brothers. Al-Ma'mun would come out on top, with his victorious general Tahir bin Husain (d. 822) storming Baghdad and taking the head ...

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Al-Ma'mun, Al-Ma'mun - Caliphate

Read more here: » Al-Ma'mun: Encyclopedia II - Al-Ma'mun - Caliphate

Kukai - Early years. Kūkai was born in 774 in the province of Sanuki on Shikoku island in the present day town of Zentsūji. His family were members of a declining aristocratic family, a branch of the ancient Ōtomo clan. There is some doubt as to his birth name: Tōtomono (precious one) is recorded in one source, while Mao (True Fish) is recorded elsewhere. Mao is popularly use ...

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Kukai, Kukai - Biography, Kukai - Early years, Kukai - The esoteric, Kukai - Travel and study in China, Kukai - Emerging from obscurity, Kukai - Mount Kōya, Kukai - The Toji Period, Kukai - Final years, Kukai - Kukai's significance to Japanese culture, Kukai - Religion, Kukai - Folk legends

Read more here: » Kukai: Encyclopedia II - Kukai - Biography

See main article: Shi'a etymology The term Shi'a comes from the Arabic word شيعة Shi'a. The singular/adjective form of this name is Arabic shi`i شيعي. Shi'a is the short form of Shi'a of Ali, or supporters of Ali. Sunni and Shi'a sources trace the term to Muhammad himself. ...

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Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Etymology, Shi'a Islam - Introduction, Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines, Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations, Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions, Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a Hadith, Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar, Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a, Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations, Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Islam - Etymology

See Demographics of Islam. Present estimates generally stem from the 1980s before or slightly after the Iran-Iraq War indicate that some 79% of the world's Muslims are Sunni and approximately 19% are Shi'a. One of the lingering problems in estimating the Shi'a population is that unless the Shi'a form a significant minority in a Muslim country, the entire population of it has been listed as Sunni. The reverse, however, has not been held true. This is c ...

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Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Etymology, Shi'a Islam - Introduction, Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines, Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations, Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions, Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include, Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar, Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a, Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations, Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam

Ali al-Rida was born in Medina to the seventh Shia Imam, Musa al Kazim and Ummul Baneen Najma. He was born one month after the death of his grandfather, Jafar al-Sadiq. Like his father and grandfather, his education came at the hands of his father. His father died in 799, when Ali was 35, and he was given the responsibility of the Imamate. Ali was not looked upon favorably by Harun Rashid, and the people of Medina were disallowed from visiting Ali and learning from him. After the death of Harun Rashid, his two sons began fighting for ...

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Ali al-Rida, Ali al-Rida - Birth and family life, Ali al-Rida - Death, Ali al-Rida - Attack on shrine

Read more here: » Ali al-Rida: Encyclopedia II - Ali al-Rida - Birth and family life

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While the Shi'a and the Sunni accept the same sacred text, the Qur'an, they differ somewhat in their approach to recorded oral tradition, or hadith. Shi'a believe that the split between the Shi'a and Sunni extends back to the time of Muhammad's death, when a small number of Muslims supported the successorship of Ali and the rest of the Muslims accepted Abu Bakr, then Umar and Uthman. The Shi'a believe that the testimony that can be traced back to reliable sources is to be trusted, and traditions that cannot be fully verified are suspect. The ...

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Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Etymology, Shi'a Islam - Introduction, Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines, Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations, Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions, Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include, Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar, Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a, Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations, Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions

The Shi'a of the present day are divided into denominations based on their beliefs regarding the sequence of the imams. Most Shi'a are Twelvers; they recognize twelve imams, of whom the twelfth, the Mahdi, has been occluded, or removed from human view, and will return at some time in the future. Ali ibn Abu Talib (600–661), also known as Ali Amir al Mo'mineen Hasan ibn Ali (625–669), also known as Hasan al Mujtaba Husayn ibn Ali (626–680), also known as Husayn al Shahe ...

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Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Etymology, Shi'a Islam - Introduction, Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines, Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations, Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions, Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include, Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar, Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a, Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations, Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations

All Muslims, Sunni or Shi'a, celebrate the following annual holidays: Eid ul-Fitr (عيد الفطر), which falls on the first day of Shawwal, marks the end of fasting during the month of Ramadan. Eid ul-Adha, which marks the end of the Hajj or pilgrimage to Makkah, starts on the 10th day of Dhul Hijja. The following days are celebrated by Shi'a only, unless otherwise noted: The Festival of Muharram and Ashurah (عاشوراء). For Shi'a, this commemorates Imam Husayn bin Ali's ma ...

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Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Etymology, Shi'a Islam - Introduction, Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines, Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations, Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions, Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include, Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar, Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a, Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations, Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar

Southern California - Southern California freeway system. Main article: Southern California freeways Interstate Highways Golden State Freeway/Santa Ana Freeway/San Diego Freeway/Montgomery Freeway (Interstate 5) Ocean Beach Freeway/Mission Valley Freeway (Interstate 8) Santa Monica (Rosa Parks) Freeway/Golden State Freeway/San Bernardino Freeway (Interstate 10) Mojave Freeway/Barstow Freeway/Ontario Freeway/Corona Freeway/Temecula Valle ...

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Southern California, Southern California - Regions, Southern California - Major cities, Southern California - Principal cities over 100000 inhabitants, Southern California - Counties, Southern California - Geographical regions, Southern California - Transportation, Southern California - Southern California freeway system, Southern California - Metrolink commuter lines, Southern California - Communication, Southern California - Telephone area codes

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For Christians, Jerusalem's place in the life of Jesus gives it great importance, in addition to its place in the Old Testament, the Hebrew Bible, as described above. Jerusalem is the place where Jesus was brought as a child, to be 'presented' at the Temple (Luke 2:22) and to attend festivals (Luke 2:41). According to the Gospels, Jesus preached and healed in Jerusalem, especially in the Temple courts. There is also an account of Jesus' 'cleansing' of the Temple, chasing various traders out of the sacred precincts (Mark 11:15). At the ...

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Religious significance of Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem Jews and Judaism, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Torah and Tanakh, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem and the Jewish religious calendar, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem and prayer, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Customs in remembrance of Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Western Wall in Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Rabbis and Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in the Tanakh and Old Testament, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Christianity, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Islam, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Mandaeanism

Read more here: » Religious significance of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Christianity

While the word 'Jerusalem' is not found anywhere in the Qur'an, many Muslims traditionally regard Jerusalem as having a special religious status, partly because of its link with people regarded as Prophets of Islam - particularly David, Solomon, and Jesus - and partly because it was the first qibla (direction of prayer) in Islam before the Kaaba in Mecca, but also because the "furthest Mosque" (al-masjid al-Aqsa) in verse (17:1) of the Qur'an is traditionally interpreted by Muslims as referring to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, on whi ...

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Religious significance of Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem Jews and Judaism, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Torah and Tanakh, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem and the Jewish religious calendar, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem and prayer, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Customs in remembrance of Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Western Wall in Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Rabbis and Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in the Tanakh and Old Testament, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Christianity, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Islam, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Mandaeanism

Read more here: » Religious significance of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Islam

Online Shi'a references: The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam by S.H.M. Jafri. ISBN: 0-195-79-3870 (online version) Imamate & Wilayat by Sayyed Muhammad Rizvi. What is Khums? Ethical Role-Models by Sayyid Mahdi as-Sadr The Message by Ayatullah Ja'far Subhani Academic sources: Shi'a Islam by Muhammed H. Al-Tabataba'i. (online version) Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'Ism in History by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Shi ...

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Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Etymology, Shi'a Islam - Introduction, Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines, Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations, Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions, Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include, Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar, Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a, Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations, Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

...

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Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Etymology, Shi'a Islam - Introduction, Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines, Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations, Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions, Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include, Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar, Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a, Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations, Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship

Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations. See main article: Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations Shi'a and Sunni historians record that many Shia's have been persecuted, intimidated, and killed, starting with Abu Bakr coming into power, through what Shi'a consider a coup d'état against Ali's caliphate. In the past, most leading Sunni scholars are known to have openly considered the Shi'a as "Kafir" (disbelievers). This was mainly fueled by misunderstanding Shi'a concepts such as Taqiyya, Muta, and the Shi'a poin ...

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Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Etymology, Shi'a Islam - Introduction, Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines, Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations, Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions, Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include, Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar, Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a, Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations, Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a

Los Angeles California - Geography. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1,290.6 km² (498.3 mi²). 1,214.9 km² (469.1 mi²) of it is land and 75.7 km² (29.2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 5.86% water. The extreme north-south distance is 44 miles (71 km), the extreme east-west distance is 29 miles (47 km), and the length of the city boundary is 342 miles (550 km). The land area is the 9th largest i ...

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Los Angeles California, Los Angeles California - History, Los Angeles California - Geography and climate, Los Angeles California - Geography, Los Angeles California - Climate, Los Angeles California - Government, Los Angeles California - Legal System, Los Angeles California - Economy, Los Angeles California - Demographics, Los Angeles California - Census 2000, Los Angeles California - National origins, Los Angeles California - Crime, Los Angeles California - People and culture, Los Angeles California - Religion, Los Angeles California - Arts and entertainment, Los Angeles California - Districts and communities, Los Angeles California - Transportation, Los Angeles California - Education, Los Angeles California - Professional sports, Los Angeles California - Media, Los Angeles California - Telephone area codes, Los Angeles California - Sister cities, Los Angeles California - Trivia

Read more here: » Los Angeles California: Encyclopedia II - Los Angeles California - Geography and climate

Jerusalem is not mentioned in the Torah but is mentioned in later parts on the Tanakh, and Old Testament, a text sacred to both Judaism and Christianity. In Judaism it is considered the Written Law, the basis for the Oral Law (Mishnah, Talmud and Shulkhan Arukh) studied, practiced and treasured by Jews and Judaism for three millennia (list of Jewish prayers and blessings). In Christianity, it is considered as the account of God's relationship with His chosen people - the original covenant - and the essential prelude to the events narrated in the New Testament, inclu ...

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Religious significance of Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem Jews and Judaism, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Torah and Tanakh, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem and the Jewish religious calendar, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem and prayer, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Customs in remembrance of Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Western Wall in Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Rabbis and Jerusalem, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in the Tanakh and Old Testament, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Christianity, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Islam, Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Mandaeanism

Read more here: » Religious significance of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in the Tanakh and Old Testament

Los Angeles is the home of the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks, the Los Angeles Kings, the Club Deportivo Chivas USA and Los Angeles Galaxy, and the Los Angeles Avengers. Los Angeles has been without an NFL franchise since 1995 despite being the second-biggest television market in North America. Prior to 1995, the Rams (1946-1994) and the ...

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Los Angeles California, Los Angeles California - History, Los Angeles California - Geography and climate, Los Angeles California - Geography, Los Angeles California - Climate, Los Angeles California - Government, Los Angeles California - Legal System, Los Angeles California - Economy, Los Angeles California - Demographics, Los Angeles California - Census 2000, Los Angeles California - National origins, Los Angeles California - Crime, Los Angeles California - People and culture, Los Angeles California - Religion, Los Angeles California - Arts and entertainment, Los Angeles California - Districts and communities, Los Angeles California - Transportation, Los Angeles California - Education, Los Angeles California - Professional sports, Los Angeles California - Media, Los Angeles California - Telephone area codes, Los Angeles California - Sister cities, Los Angeles California - Trivia

Read more here: » Los Angeles California: Encyclopedia II - Los Angeles California - Professional sports

The major daily newspaper in the area is The Los Angeles Times. La Opinión is the city's major Spanish-language paper. There are also a wide variety of smaller regional newspapers, alternative weeklies and magazines, including the Los Angeles Newspaper Group's Daily News (which focuses coverage on the Valley), Village Voice Media's L.A. Weekly, L.A. City Beat, Los Angeles magazine, Los Angeles Business Journal, Los Angeles Daily Journal (legal industry paper), Variety (entertain ...

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Los Angeles California, Los Angeles California - History, Los Angeles California - Geography and climate, Los Angeles California - Geography, Los Angeles California - Climate, Los Angeles California - Government, Los Angeles California - Legal System, Los Angeles California - Economy, Los Angeles California - Demographics, Los Angeles California - Census 2000, Los Angeles California - National origins, Los Angeles California - Crime, Los Angeles California - People and culture, Los Angeles California - Religion, Los Angeles California - Arts and entertainment, Los Angeles California - Districts and communities, Los Angeles California - Transportation, Los Angeles California - Education, Los Angeles California - Professional sports, Los Angeles California - Media, Los Angeles California - Telephone area codes, Los Angeles California - Sister cities, Los Angeles California - Trivia

Read more here: » Los Angeles California: Encyclopedia II - Los Angeles California - Media

Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations. See main article: Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations Shi'a and Sunni historians record that many Shia's have been persecuted, intimidated, and killed, starting with Abu Bakr coming into power, through what Shi'a consider a coup d'état against Ali's caliphate. In the past, most leading Sunni scholars are known to have openly considered the Shi'a as "Kafir" (disbelievers). This was mainly fueled by misunderstanding Shi'a concepts such as Taqiyya, Muta, and the Shi'a poin ...

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Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Etymology, Shi'a Islam - Introduction, Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines, Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines, Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations, Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions, Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a Hadith, Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar, Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a, Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations, Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship, Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a