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811 | A Wisdom Archive on 811 |  | 811 A selection of articles related to 811 |  |
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811, 811
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 811 | | |  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - LifeMuch of what is known of Charlemagne's life comes from his biographer, Einhard, who wrote a Vita Caroli Magni (or Vita Karoli Magni), which translates The Life of Charlemagne.
Charlemagne - Early life.
Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pippin the Short (714 – 24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720 – 12 July 783), daughter of Caribert of Laon and Bertrada of Cologne. He was the elder brother of Carloman and Gisela. Some sources indicate that he was ...
See also:Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Life |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Styria duchy - Religious history of StyriaThe Protestant Reformation made its way into the country about 1530. Duke Karl (ruling 1564-90), whose wife was the Catholic Duchess Maria of Bavaria, introduced the Counter-Reformation into the country; in 1573 he invited the Jesuits into Styria and in 1586 he founded the Catholic University of Graz. In 1598 his son and successor Ferdinand suppressed all Protestant schools and expelled the teachers and preachers: Protestant doctrines were maintained only in a few isolated mountain valleys, as in the valley of the Inn and the valley of the M ...
See also:Styria duchy, Styria duchy - Styria in the first millennium, Styria duchy - Steiermark, Styria duchy - Religious history of Styria, Styria duchy - 19th century Styria, Styria duchy - 20th century, Styria duchy - Margraves and Dukes of Styria, Styria duchy - Coat of Arms Read more here: » Styria duchy: Encyclopedia II - Styria duchy - Religious history of Styria |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Count of Paris - OrléanistsThe title was revived much later and was used by three claimants to the French throne:
Louis-Philippe, Comte de Paris (1838-1894): French Orleanist monarchists referred to him as "Louis-Philippe II", and then later when Henri, comte de Chambord died, he was recognized as the royalist heir by almost all French monarchists, and was occasionally known as Philippe VII.
Henri, Comte de Paris (1908-1999)
Henri, Comte de Paris, Duc de France (born 1933)
The title was given by Louis-Philippe I to his grandson Philippe, as show of gratitude towards the City of Paris and in refe ...
See also:Count of Paris, Count of Paris - Pippinids, Count of Paris - Girardids, Count of Paris - Welfs, Count of Paris - Robertians, Count of Paris - Bouchardids, Count of Paris - Orléanists Read more here: » Count of Paris: Encyclopedia II - Count of Paris - Orléanists |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Roman Emperor Dominate - The TetrarchyThe Tetrarchy was a system established by Diocletian to facilitate effective government of the Empire. There were two senior emperors (augusti), one for the West and one for the East, and two junior sub-emperors (caesares), one for each senior emperor. When the senior emperors left office for whatever reason, the junior sub-emperors would become senior emperors and appoint their own junior sub-emperors; the retired senior emperors took the title senior augustus and were styled Patres Imperatorum et Caesar ...
See also:Roman Emperor Dominate, Roman Emperor Dominate - The Tetrarchy, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperors in the East, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperors in the West, Roman Emperor Dominate - Tetrarchical Relationships, Roman Emperor Dominate - End of the Tetrarchy, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in the East, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in the West, Roman Emperor Dominate - Constantinian Dynasty, Roman Emperor Dominate - Constantinian Emperors, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in Britannia Hispania and Gallia, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in Italia and Africa, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperors in the West, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in the East, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperors, Roman Emperor Dominate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Dominate - Jovian, Roman Emperor Dominate - Valentinianan Dynasty, Roman Emperor Dominate - Valentinian Emperors, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperors in the West, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in the East, Roman Emperor Dominate - Dynastic Relationships Read more here: » Roman Emperor Dominate: Encyclopedia II - Roman Emperor Dominate - The Tetrarchy |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - North American Numbering Plan - Expansion of area codesDue to a combination of increasing demand for telephone services (particularly due to widescale adoption of fax and cell phone communications), and the practice of allocating phone numbers in large blocks to companies for issuing, many area codes began to exhaust their supply of available numbers (code "in jeopardy" in telecom jargon), and additional area codes were needed. In general, area codes were added either as "splits" (in which an area code was divided into two or more regions, one retaining the older area code and the other areas re ...
See also:North American Numbering Plan, North American Numbering Plan - Charges, North American Numbering Plan - History, North American Numbering Plan - Calls to Mexico until 1991, North American Numbering Plan - Expansion of area codes, North American Numbering Plan - Splits and overlays, North American Numbering Plan - Expansion issues, North American Numbering Plan - Cellular services and the NANP numbering scheme, North American Numbering Plan - New area codes, North American Numbering Plan - Fictional telephone numbers, North American Numbering Plan - Future expansion of NANP, North American Numbering Plan - Special numbers and codes, North American Numbering Plan - List of NANPA countries and territories Read more here: » North American Numbering Plan: Encyclopedia II - North American Numbering Plan - Expansion of area codes |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty 306-363
List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic.
Jovian (Iovianus) (332 - 364, ruled 363 - 364) – Soldier, restored Christianity
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See also:List of Byzantine Emperors, List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty 306-363, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty 364-457, List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty 457-518, List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty 518-602, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty 610-695, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic 695-705, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty 705-711, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic 711-717, List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty 717-802, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty 802-813, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty 820-867, List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty 867-1056, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty 1059-1081, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored 1081-1185, List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty 1185-1204, List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea 1204-1261, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople 1259-1453, List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty 306-363 |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Life
Charlemagne - Early life.
Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pippin the Short (714–24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720–12 July 783), daughter of Caribert of Laon and Bertrada of Cologne. He was the elder brother of Carloman and Gisela. Some sources indicate that he was the brother of Redburga, wife of King Egbert of Wessex, and Bertha, mother of the famous Roland, but he is only ever recorde ...
See also:Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Life |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty
List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic.
Jovian (Iovianus) (332 - 364, ruled 363 - 364) – Soldier, restored Christianity
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See also:List of Byzantine Emperors, List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored, List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople, List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople, 1259-1453
List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans.
In 1453 Mehmed II overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of Caesar; his successors continued this claim. See Ottomans for the complete list of Ottoman sultans.
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See also:List of Byzantine Emperors, List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty 306-363, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty 364-457, List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty 457-518, List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty 518-602, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty 610-695, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic 695-705, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty 705-711, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic 711-717, List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty 717-802, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty 802-813, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty 820-867, List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty 867-1056, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty 1059-1081, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored, 1081-1185, List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty 1185-1204, List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea, 1204-1261, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople, 1259-1453, List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople, 1259-1453 |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Family
Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs.
His first wife was Himiltrude, married in 766. The marriage was never formally annulled. By her he had:
Pippin the Hunchback (767-813)
His second wife was Ermengarda (often erroneously called Desiderata or Desideria), daughter of Desiderius, king of the Lombards, married in 768, annulled in 771.
His third wife was Hildegard of Savoy (757 or 758]]-783 or 784), married 771, died 784. By her he had:
Charles ...
See also:Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Family |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Cultural significanceCharlemagne enjoyed an important afterlife in European culture. One of the great medieval literature cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or the Matter of France, centers around the deeds of Charlemagne's historical commander of the Breton border, Roland, and the paladins who served as a counterpart to the knights of the Round Table; their tales were first told in the chansons de geste. Charlemagne himself was accorded sainthood inside the Holy Roman Empire after the twelfth century. His canonization by Antipope Paschal III was never recognized by the Holy Se ...
See also:Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Cultural significance |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Personal appearanceCharlemagne's personal appearance is not known from any contemporary portrait, but it is known rather famously from a good description of Einhard, who wrote his biography Vita Caroli Magni. He is well known to have been tall, stately, and fair-haired, with disproportionately thick neck. As Einhard tells it in his 22nd chapter:
Charles was large and strong, and of lofty stature, though not disproportionately tall (his height is well known to have been seven times the length of his foot); the upper part of his head was r ...
See also:Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Personal appearance |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Roman Emperor Dominate - Valentinianan DynastyThe Valentinian dynasty, yet another lower-class military family (this time of Pannonian extraction), is in a very loose sense a marital continuation of the Constantinian dynasty (Gratianus was son-in-law of Constantius II, the penultimate Constantinian Emperor). Although the dynastic founder, Valentinian I, had made his career as a soldier and general, he was not a "Barracks Emperor"; rather, he was elevated to the purple by a conclave o ...
See also:Roman Emperor Dominate, Roman Emperor Dominate - The Tetrarchy, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperors in the East, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperors in the West, Roman Emperor Dominate - Tetrarchical Relationships, Roman Emperor Dominate - End of the Tetrarchy, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in the East, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in the West, Roman Emperor Dominate - Constantinian Dynasty, Roman Emperor Dominate - Constantinian Emperors, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in Britannia Hispania and Gallia, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in Italia and Africa, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperors in the West, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in the East, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperors, Roman Emperor Dominate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Dominate - Jovian, Roman Emperor Dominate - Valentinianan Dynasty, Roman Emperor Dominate - Valentinian Emperors, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperors in the West, Roman Emperor Dominate - Emperor in the East, Roman Emperor Dominate - Dynastic Relationships Read more here: » Roman Emperor Dominate: Encyclopedia II - Roman Emperor Dominate - Valentinianan Dynasty |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - BackgroundThe Franks, originally a pagan, barbarian, Germanic people who migrated over the River Rhine in the late fifth century into a crumbling Roman Empire, were, by the early eighth century, the masters of Gaul and a good portion of central Europe east of the Rhine and the protectors of the Papacy and the Roman Catholic faith. However, their ancient dynasty of kings, the Merovingians, had long before descended into a state of complete disutility. Their chief officers, the mayors of the palace, had, practically-speaking, usurped all government powe ...
See also:Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Background |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Cultural significanceCharlemagne, being a model knight as one of the Nine Worthies, enjoyed an important afterlife in European culture. One of the great medieval literary cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or the Matter of France, centers around the deeds of Charlemagne and his historical commander of the Breton border, Roland, and the paladins who are analogous to the knights of the Round Table or King Arthur's court. Their ...
See also:Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Cultural significance |
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|  |  |  | 811: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - AdministrationAs an administrator, Charlemagne stands out for his many reforms: monetary, governmental, military, or ecclesiastical.
Charlemagne - Monetary reforms.
Pursuing his father's reforms, Charlemagne did away with the monetary system based on the gold sou. Both he and the Anglo-Saxon King Offa of Mercia took up the system set in place by Pippin. He set up a new standard, the livre (from the Latin libra, the modern pound)—a unit of both money and weight—which was worth 20 sous (from the L ...
See also:Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Administration |
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