784

501: Arkansas (Little Rock, Hot Springs and central Arkansas) 502: Kentucky (Louisville, Frankfort, Shelbyville, Bardstown and north central Kentucky) 503: Oregon (Portland, Salem, Tillamook, Astoria and northwestern Oregon, overlays with 971 except in coastal area) 504: Louisiana (New Orleans, Metairie, Kenner and surrounding areas) 505: New Mexico 506: New Brunswick 507: Minnesota (Rochester, Mankato, Worthington, Marshall and southern Minnesota) 508: Massachusetts (Worcester, New B ...

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List of North American area codes, List of North American area codes - 200, List of North American area codes - 300, List of North American area codes - 400, List of North American area codes - 500, List of North American area codes - 600, List of North American area codes - 700, List of North American area codes - 800, List of North American area codes - 900

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In Japan, being clean is very important, and some Japanese words for 'clean' can be used to describe beauty. The word kirei (奇麗, きれい) can be defined as "pretty, beautiful; clean; pure; orderly." This may explain both the continuing success of squat toilets without any physical contact, and also the success of the high tech toilet with a built-in bidet. Occasionally, even a western-style toilet is used as a squat toilet by a self-conscious (or ignorant) user that squats by standing on the toilet seat. There is also a large ma ...

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Japanese toilet, Japanese toilet - History, Japanese toilet - Terminology, Japanese toilet - Types of toilets, Japanese toilet - Squat toilet, Japanese toilet - Western-style flush toilets, Japanese toilet - Japanese bidets, Japanese toilet - Male and female urinals, Japanese toilet - Japan-specific accessories, Japanese toilet - The Sound Princess, Japanese toilet - Toilet slippers, Japanese toilet - Public toilets, Japanese toilet - Cultural aspects, Japanese toilet - Economics

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Public toilets are easy to find in Japan, and one seldom needs to look very hard when nature calls. Restrooms can be found in department stores, supermarkets, book stores, CD shops, parks, most convenience stores, and in all but the most rural train stations. Beginning in the 1990s, there has been a movement to make public toilets cleaner and more hospitable than they had been in the past. This may come as a relief to tourists and Japanese alike. It is not uncommon, however, to see Ja ...

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Japanese toilet, Japanese toilet - History, Japanese toilet - Terminology, Japanese toilet - Types of toilets, Japanese toilet - Squat toilet, Japanese toilet - Western-style flush toilets, Japanese toilet - Japanese bidets, Japanese toilet - Male and female urinals, Japanese toilet - Japan-specific accessories, Japanese toilet - The Sound Princess, Japanese toilet - Toilet slippers, Japanese toilet - Public toilets, Japanese toilet - Cultural aspects, Japanese toilet - Economics

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TOTO is the largest producer of toilets, including washlets worldwide. Washlets and other toilet related products are also produced by Inax, NAIS, and Panasonic. The total market worldwide for high-tech toilets was about US$800 million in 1997. The largest producer is TOTO, with 50% of the market share, while the second largest is Inax at 25%. The main market for washlets is still in Japan, and Toto reports that overseas sales account for just 5% of their revenue. The primary foreign market is China, where Toto sells over one million washlet ...

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Japanese toilet, Japanese toilet - History, Japanese toilet - Terminology, Japanese toilet - Types of toilets, Japanese toilet - Squat toilet, Japanese toilet - Western-style flush toilets, Japanese toilet - Japanese bidets, Japanese toilet - Male and female urinals, Japanese toilet - Japan-specific accessories, Japanese toilet - The Sound Princess, Japanese toilet - Toilet slippers, Japanese toilet - Public toilets, Japanese toilet - Cultural aspects, Japanese toilet - Economics

Read more here: » Japanese toilet: Encyclopedia II - Japanese toilet - Economics

301: Maryland (Hagerstown, Rockville, Cumberland and western Maryland, overlays with 240) 302: Delaware (all) 303: Colorado (Boulder, Longmont, Aurora, Denver and central Colorado, overlays with 720) 304: West Virginia (all) 305: Florida (all of Miami-Dade County and the Florida Keys of Monroe County: Miami, Homestead, Coral Gables, Key West; overlaid by 786 for all of Miami-Dade but not Keys) 306: Saskatchewan (all) 307: Wyoming (all) 308: Nebraska (North Platte ...

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List of North American area codes, List of North American area codes - 200, List of North American area codes - 300, List of North American area codes - 400, List of North American area codes - 500, List of North American area codes - 600, List of North American area codes - 700, List of North American area codes - 800, List of North American area codes - 900

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401: Rhode Island (all) 402: Nebraska (Valentine, Lincoln, Norfolk, Omaha, Superior, Crofton and eastern Nebraska) 403: Alberta (Calgary, Banff, Red Deer, Medicine Hat, Lethbridge and southern Alberta) 404: Georgia (Atlanta area inside Interstate 285 Perimeter, originally all cellphones, overlaid by part of 678) 405: Oklahoma (Oklahoma City, Edmond, Norman, Shawnee, Chickasha and central Oklahoma) 406: Montana 407: Florida (Orlando, Cocoa Beach, St. Clo ...

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List of North American area codes, List of North American area codes - 200, List of North American area codes - 300, List of North American area codes - 400, List of North American area codes - 500, List of North American area codes - 600, List of North American area codes - 700, List of North American area codes - 800, List of North American area codes - 900

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Toilets have been used in Japan since the start of civilization, although their exact construction and use are unknown. The earliest sewer systems are from the Yayoi period (300 BC to A.D. 250). These systems were used in larger settlements, probably in combination with toilets. During the Nara period (710 to 784), a drainage system was created in the capital in Nara, consisting of 10-15 cm wide streams where the user can squat over with one foot on each side of the stream. Wooden sticks were used as a sort of toilet paper. The earliest know ...

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Japanese toilet, Japanese toilet - History, Japanese toilet - Terminology, Japanese toilet - Types of toilets, Japanese toilet - Squat toilet, Japanese toilet - Western-style flush toilets, Japanese toilet - Japanese bidets, Japanese toilet - Male and female urinals, Japanese toilet - Japan-specific accessories, Japanese toilet - The Sound Princess, Japanese toilet - Toilet slippers, Japanese toilet - Public toilets, Japanese toilet - Cultural aspects, Japanese toilet - Economics

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Concentrated efforts by the imperial court to record and document its history produced the first works of Japanese literature during the Nara period. Works such as the Kojiki (古事記) and the Nihon shoki (日本書紀) were political in nature, used to record and therefore justify and establish the supremacy of the rule of the emperors within Japan itself and to China and Korea. With the spread of written language, Japanese poetry, known in Japanese as waka, started to be written. Over time, pe ...

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Nara period, Nara period - Nara period literature, Nara period - Economic social and administrative developments, Nara period - Cultural developments and the establishment of Buddhism, Nara period - International relations

Read more here: » Nara period: Encyclopedia II - Nara period - Nara period literature

Toilets in Japan have very similar accessories as most toilets worldwide, including toilet paper, a toilet brush, a sink, etc. However, there are some Japan-specific accessories that are rarely found outside of Japan. Japanese toilet - The Sound Princess. Many Japanese women are embarrassed at the thought that someone else can hear them while they are doing their business on the toilet (a condition known as paruresis). To cover the sound of bodily functions, many women flushed public toilets continu ...

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Japanese toilet, Japanese toilet - History, Japanese toilet - Terminology, Japanese toilet - Types of toilets, Japanese toilet - Squat toilet, Japanese toilet - Western-style flush toilets, Japanese toilet - Japanese bidets, Japanese toilet - Male and female urinals, Japanese toilet - Japan-specific accessories, Japanese toilet - The Sound Princess, Japanese toilet - Toilet slippers, Japanese toilet - Public toilets, Japanese toilet - Cultural aspects, Japanese toilet - Economics

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Yongfeng (永鳳 yong3 feng4) 308-309 Herui (河瑞 he2 rui4) 309-310 Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 311-315 Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 315-316 Linjia (麟嘉 lin2 jia1) 316-318 Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 328-330 Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 330-333 Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 334 Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 349 Yanping (晏平 yan4 ping2) 305-311 Yuheng (玉衡 yu4 heng2) 311-334 Jianing (嘉寧 jia1 ning2) 346-347 Yuanxi (元璽 yuan2 xi3) 353-357 Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 357 Guangshou (光� ...

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Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period

The Franks, originally a pagan, barbarian, Germanic people who migrated over the River Rhine in the late fifth century into a crumbling Roman Empire, were, by the early eighth century, the masters of Gaul and a good portion of central Europe east of the Rhine and the protectors of the Papacy and the Roman Catholic faith. However, their ancient dynasty of kings, the Merovingians, had long before descended into a state of complete disutility. Their chief officers, the mayors of the palace, had, practically-speaking, usurped all government powe ...

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources

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Charlemagne's reign is often referred to as the Carolingian Renaissance because of the flowering of scholarship, literature, art, and architecture. Most of the surviving works of classical Latin were copied and preserved by Carolingian scholars. The pan-European nature of Charlemagne's influence is indicated by the origins of many of the men who worked for him: Alcuin, an Anglo-Saxon; Theodulf, a Visigoth; Paul the ...

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources

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Some of Japan's literary monuments were written during the Nara period, including the Kojiki and Nihon shoki, the first national histories, compiled in 712 and 720 respectively; the Man'yōshū (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), an anthology of poems; and the Kaifūsō (Fond Recollections of Poetry), an anthology written in Chinese by Japanese emperors and princes. Another major cultural development of the era was the permanent establishment of Buddhism in Japan. Buddhism had been introduced in the sixth century but ha ...

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Nara period, Nara period - Nara period literature, Nara period - Economic social and administrative developments, Nara period - Cultural developments and the establishment of Buddhism, Nara period - International relations

Read more here: » Nara period: Encyclopedia II - Nara period - Cultural developments and the establishment of Buddhism

Traditionally, the artist was a vehicle for expression and was personally reticent, in keeping with the role of an artisan or entertainer of low social status. The calligrapher, a member of the Confucian literati class, or noble samurai class in Japan, had a higher status, while artists of great genius were often recognized in the Kamakura period by receiving a name from a feudal lord and thus rising socially. The performing arts, however, were generally held in less esteem, and the purported immorality of actresses of the early Kabuki theater caused the Tokugawa government to bar women from the stage; female roles in Kabuk ...

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Japanese art, Japanese art - History of Japanese Art, Japanese art - Jomon art, Japanese art - Yayoi art, Japanese art - Kofun art, Japanese art - Asuka and Nara art, Japanese art - Heian art, Japanese art - Kamakura art, Japanese art - Muromachi art, Japanese art - Azuchi-Momoyama art, Japanese art - Art of the Edo period, Japanese art - Meiji Art, Japanese art - Postwar period, Japanese art - Modern Art in Japan, Japanese art - Performing arts, Japanese art - Aesthetic concepts, Japanese art - Artists, Japanese art - Art schools, Japanese art - Government art sponsorship, Japanese art - Private sponsorship and foundations, Japanese art - Notes

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Japanese art is characterized by unique polarities. In the ceramics of the prehistoric periods, for example, exuberance was followed by disciplined and refined artistry. Another instance is provided by two 16th-century structures that are poles apart: the Katsura Detached Palace is an exercise in simplicity, with an emphasis on natural materials, rough and untrimmed, and an affinity for beauty achieved by accident; Nikko Toshogu is a rigidly symmetrical structure replete with brightly colored relief carvings covering every visible surface. J ...

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Japanese art, Japanese art - History of Japanese Art, Japanese art - Jomon art, Japanese art - Yayoi art, Japanese art - Kofun art, Japanese art - Asuka and Nara art, Japanese art - Heian art, Japanese art - Kamakura art, Japanese art - Muromachi art, Japanese art - Azuchi-Momoyama art, Japanese art - Art of the Edo period, Japanese art - Meiji Art, Japanese art - Postwar period, Japanese art - Modern Art in Japan, Japanese art - Performing arts, Japanese art - Aesthetic concepts, Japanese art - Artists, Japanese art - Art schools, Japanese art - Government art sponsorship, Japanese art - Private sponsorship and foundations, Japanese art - Notes

Read more here: » Japanese art: Encyclopedia II - Japanese art - Aesthetic concepts

Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs. His first wife was Himiltrude, married in 766. The marriage was never formally annulled. By her he had: Pippin the Hunchback (767-813) His second wife was Ermengarda (often erroneously called Desiderata or Desideria), daughter of Desiderius, king of the Lombards, married in 768, annulled in 771. By her he had: His third wife was Hildegard of Savoy (757 or 758-783 or 784), married 771, died 784. By her he had:

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources

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Charlemagne's personal appearance is not known from any contemporary portrait, but it is known rather famously from a good description of Einhard, who wrote his biography Vita Caroli Magni. He is well known to have been tall, stately, and fair-haired, with disproportionately thick neck. As Einhard tells it in his 22nd chapter: Charles was large and strong, and of lofty stature, though not disproportionately tall (his height is well known to have been seven times the length of his foot); the upper part of his head was r ...

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources

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Huangshi (皇始 huang2 shi3) 396-398 Tianxing (天興 tian1 xing1) 398-404 Tianci (天賜 tian1 ci4) 404-409 Shenrui (神瑞 shen2 rui4) 414-416 Taichang (泰常 tai4 chang2) 416-423 Shenjia (神麚 shen2 jia1) 428-431 Yanhe (延和 yan2 he2) 432-434 Taiyan (太延 tai4 yan2) 435-440 Taipingzhenjun (太平真君 tai4 ping2 zhen1 jun1) 440-451 Zhengping (正平 zheng4 ping2) 451-452 Xingguang (興光 xing1 guang1) 454-455 Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 455-459 Hep ...

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Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties