Encyclopedia - 754: Encyclopedia - 754
754 - Events. Pope Stephen III crowns Pepin the short King of the Franks at St.-Denis outside Paris; also dedicates the foundations of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constantinople: Encyclopedia Ii - Constantinople - Names
The name of Constantinople is an honorific eponym referencing its founder, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Constantine establish...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - As-saffah: Encyclopedia - As-saffah
Abu al-'Abbas Abdullah ibn Muhammad as-Saffah (721 - 754) أبو العباس عبد الله بن محمد السفاح was the first Ab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-mansur: Encyclopedia - Al-mansur
Abu Jafar Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur (712 – 775; Arabic: ابو جعفر عبدالله ابن محمد المنصور) was the Ab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope: Encyclopedia - Pope
History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Fath...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia - Caliph
Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caribbean Sea: Encyclopedia - Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a tropical body of water adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and southeast of the Gulf of Mexico. It covers most of the C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chrodegang: Encyclopedia - Chrodegang
Saint Chrodegang, bishop of Metz, was born in the early eighth century at Hasbania (now Belgian Limburg) of a noble Frankish family, and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constantinople: Encyclopedia - Constantinople
Constantinople1 (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις) was the earlier name of the modern city of İstanbul in Turkey in its role ov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cesena: Encyclopedia - Cesena
Cesena (ancient Caesena) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, south of Ravenna and west of Rimini, on the Savio Rive...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Saint Boniface: Encyclopedia - Saint Boniface
Saint Boniface (Latin: Bonifacius)(German: Bonifatius), (c. 672 - June 5, 754), the Apostle of the Germans, born Winfrid or Wynfrith at C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia - Abbasid
Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون Abbāsīyūn) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 721: Encyclopedia - 721
Events Former Byzantine emperor Anastasius II leads a revolt against emperor Leo III Theuderic IV succeeds Chilperic II Battle of Toulou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia - Papal States
The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") was one of the major historical states of Italy bef...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jianzhen: Encyclopedia - Jianzhen
Jianzhen or Ganjin (鑒真 or 鑑真; 688–763) was a Chinese monk who helped to propagate Buddhism in Japan. In the eleven years from 7...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franks: Encyclopedia Ii - Franks - The Frankish Empire
Franks - Foundation. In 355–358, the later Emperor Julian once again found the shipping lanes on the Rhine under control of the Frank...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Rome: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Rome - Ancient Rome
History of Rome - Origins. Further information: Founding of Rome, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and    » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Taizong Of Tang: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Taizong Of Tang - The Palace Coup At The Xuanwu Gate
The original crown prince was Taizong's elder brother Li Jiancheng (李建成) although their father had promised the throne to Taizong m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Du Fu: Encyclopedia Ii - Du Fu - Life
Traditionally, Chinese literary criticism has placed great emphasis on knowledge of the life of the author when interpreting a work, a pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope - Death Abdication And Election
Pope - Death. The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum — i.e., a sede vacante ("vacant seat") — were promulgated by Jo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Athlon 64: Encyclopedia Ii - Athlon 64 - Features
The Athlon 64 features an on-die memory controller, a feature not previously seen on x86 CPUs. Not only does this mean the controller run...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Taizong Of Tang China: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Taizong Of Tang China - The Palace Coup At The Xuanwu Gate
The original crown prince was Taizong's elder brother Li Jiancheng (李建成) although their father had promised the throne to Taizong m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Germain Of Paris: Encyclopedia Ii - Germain Of Paris - The Abbey Church Of Saint-germain-des-pres
In 542, Childebert, while making war in Spain, besieged Saragossa, but when he heard that the inhabitants had placed themselves under the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kingdom Of Gwynedd: Encyclopedia Ii - Kingdom Of Gwynedd - Government
Among the more powerful of the early kings of Gwynedd were Cadwallon ap Cadfan who invaded Northumbria and briefly controlled it, and Rho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Historical Shi'a-sunni Relations: Encyclopedia Ii - Historical Shi'a-sunni Relations - Shia Positions
The following represent solely Shia arguments against perceived Sunni persecution: Shias claim that The House of Saud has made no secret...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franks: Encyclopedia Ii - Franks - The Carolingians
The Carolingian kingship traditionally begins with the deposition of the last Merovingian king, with papal assent, and the accession in 7...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Patriarch Anastasius Of Constantinople: Encyclopedia Ii - Patriarch Anastasius Of Constantinople - Background
In 726 Emperor Leo III published an edict forbidding the use of images in the Church. His soldiers consequently removed images from churc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of North American Area Codes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of North American Area Codes - 200
201: New Jersey (Jersey City, Hoboken, Bayonne, Hackensack, and northeast New Jersey, overlays with 551) 202: District of Columbia (all) ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ferrara: Encyclopedia Ii - Ferrara - History
The origin of Ferrara is uncertain; it is unlikely that it occupies the site of the ancient Forum Alieni, as some suppose. It was probabl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - Origins Of The Caliphate
Most academic scholars agree that Muhammad had not explicitly established how the Muslim community was to be governed after his death. Tw...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rulers Of Damascus: Encyclopedia Ii - Rulers Of Damascus - Ummayad Dynasty
Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs. Khalid ibn al-Walid (635-636) Abu Ubaid (636-637) Amr ibn al-Aas (637-640) Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan (6...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - Origins
The Roman Catholic Church spent its first three centuries as an outlawed organization and was thus unable to hold or transfer property. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lebuinus: Encyclopedia Ii - Lebuinus - Life
Lebuinus was a monk in Wilfrid's monastery at Ripon. Inspired by the example of Saint Boniface, Saint Willibrord and other great English ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nforce4: Encyclopedia Ii - Nforce4 - Nforce4 Sli Intel Edition
Unlike its AMD brethren, the Intel Edition is a chipset in the truest sense of the word as it has both a northbridge and southbridge. Thi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Saint Boniface: Encyclopedia Ii - Saint Boniface - Thor's Oak And The Conversion Of The Northern German Tribes
Winfrid again set out in 718, visited Rome, and was commissioned in 719 by Pope Gregory II, who gave him his new name of Boniface, to eva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mainz: Encyclopedia Ii - Mainz - History
The Roman stronghold of castrum Moguntiacum, the precursor to Mainz, was founded by the Roman general Drusus in 13 BC. Moguntiacum was an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - Revolt Against The Umayyads
The Abbasid caliphs officially based their claim to the Caliphate on their descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (AD 566-652), one of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nîmes: Encyclopedia Ii - Nîmes - The Origins Of Nimes
Nîmes - Prehistory. The site on which the built-up area of Nimes has become established in the course of centuries is part of the edge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - Revolt Against The Umayyads
The Abbasid caliphs officially based their claim to the Caliphate on their descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (AD 566-652), one of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Netherlands - Struggle For Independence And The Golden Age
History of the Netherlands - Eighty Years' War. For details, see the main Eighty Years' War article. Through inheritance and conquest...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nîmes: Encyclopedia Ii - Nîmes - The Origins Of Nimes
Nîmes - Prehistory. The site on which the built-up area of Nimes has become established in the course of centuries is part of the edge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - Origins Of The Caliphate
Most academic scholars agree that Muhammad had not explicitly established how the Muslim community was to be governed after his death. Tw...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope - Death, Abdication, And Election
Pope - Death. The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum — i.e., a sede vacante ("vacant seat") — were promulgated by Jo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope - Other Popes
An antipope is a person who claims the Pontificate without being canonically and properly elected to it. The existence of an antipope is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope - Objections To The Papacy
The pope's position as Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church is dogmatic and therefore not open to debate or dispute within the Catholi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Athlon 64: Encyclopedia Ii - Athlon 64 - Sockets
At the introduction of Athlon 64 in September 2003, only Socket 754 and Socket 940 (Opteron) were ready and available. The onboard memory...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Athlon 64: Encyclopedia Ii - Athlon 64 - Athlon 64 Fx Models
Athlon 64 - Sledgehammer 130 nm SOI. CPU-Stepping: C0, CG L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions) L2-Cache: 1024 KB, fullspeed MMX,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Athlon 64: Encyclopedia Ii - Athlon 64 - Athlon 64 Models
Athlon 64 - Clawhammer 130 nm SOI. CPU-Stepping: C0, CG L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions) L2-Cache: 1024 KB, fullspeed MMX, E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Taizong Of Tang: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Taizong Of Tang - Family
He had: Wende-shunsheng Empress (文德順聖皇后), Zhangsun-shi (長孫氏) Xian Consort (賢妃), Xu Hui (徐惠) Consort Yang I (�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Netherlands - Batavian Republic And French Rule
Against this background it is less surprising that, after the French Revolution, when Napoleon invaded and occupied the Netherlands in 17...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Netherlands - Monarchy
After the Napoleonic era the Netherlands were put back on the map of Europe. The country had always been part of the precarious balance o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Netherlands - Burgundian Period
Most of what is now the Netherlands and Belgium was eventually united by the Duke of Burgundy in 1433. Before the Burgundian union, the D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Netherlands - Holy Roman Empire
The newcomers merged with the original inhabitants to create three peoples in the Low Countries: the Frisians along the coast, the Saxons...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Netherlands - Roman Era
After Julius Caesar conquered Gaul, he conquered Belgium and The Netherlands around the year 58 BC, which made it the northern border of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Netherlands - 20th Century
Although its army mobilised when World War I broke out in August 1914, the Netherlands remained a neutral country. The German invasion of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - Revival Of The Caliphate
Once the subject of intense conflict and rivalry amongst Muslim rulers, the caliphate has lay dormant and largely unclaimed for much of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nîmes: Encyclopedia Ii - Nîmes - Miscellaneous
Nîmes is historically known for its textiles. Denim, the fabric of blue jeans, derives its name from this city (Serge de Nîmes). The as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pope: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope - Objections To The Papacy
The pope's position as Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church is dogmatic and therefore not open to debate or dispute within the Roman C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nîmes: Encyclopedia Ii - Nîmes - Sights
Nîmes may have been one of the richest and finest Roman cities of Gaule. Several important remains of the Roman Empire can still be seen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nîmes: Encyclopedia Ii - Nîmes - History
The city derives its name from Nemausus 'From The Nile'. The contemporary symbol and shield of the city of Nîmes, a crocodile chained to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mainz: Encyclopedia Ii - Mainz - Twinning
Mainz is twinned with: - Watford, Hertfordshire (UK), since 1956 - Dijon (France), since 1957 - Longchamp (France), since 1966 - Zag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Netherlands - Pre-history Era
The Netherlands have been inhabited since the last ice age; the oldest remnants that have been found are a hundred thousand years old. Du...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Rome: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Rome - Medieval Rome
History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule. In 476, the last Western Roman emperor Romulus Augustus, a puppet (like almost all empe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - The History Of The Caliphate
Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor on his deathbed, and the Muslim community submitted to his choice. Uthman was elected by a counc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - How The Caliphate Came To An End
See the article Demise of the Ottoman Caliphate. On March 3, 1924, the first President of the Turkish Republic, Kemal Atatürk, constitut...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - The End Of The Caliphate
Hulagu Khan sacked Baghdad on (February 10, 1258), causing great loss of life. Hulagu and many others feared an earthquake or other shock...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - Learning Under The Abbasid Dynasty
The reigns of Harun al-Rashid (786 - 809) and his successors fostered an age of great intellectual achievement. In large part this was th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - The Mamluks
In the 9th century, the Abbasids created an army loyal only to their caliphate, drawn mostly from Turkish slaves, known as Mamluks, with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - Revival Of The Caliphate
Once the subject of intense conflict and rivalry amongst Muslim rulers, the caliphate has lain dormant and largely unclaimed for much of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - Dynasties
The more important dynasties include: The Umayyad dynasty in Damascus (661-750), followed by: The Abbasid dynasty in Baghdad (750-1258),...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franks: Encyclopedia Ii - Franks - The Earliest Records Of The Franks
The earliest Frankish history remains relatively unclear. Our main source, the Gallo-Roman chronicler Gregory of Tours, whose Historia Fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Taizong Of Tang: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Taizong Of Tang - Literature
He was the subject of a 64-chapter (in eight volumes) The Novel of the Prince of Qin of the Great Tang (大唐秦王詞話 Datang Qin Wan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Taizong Of Tang: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Taizong Of Tang - Early Achievements
Taizong was born in Lunghsi (in present-day Kansu. Taizong was known as a Hojen (胡人).) as the second son of Li Yuan, and was of one-q...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - Lists Of Caliphal Dynasties And Seats
Years according to the Christian era (all AD) Caliph - The Rashidun Righteously Guided. Accepted by Sunni Muslims and international cons...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - Consolidation And Schisms
The Abbasids had depended heavily on the support of Persians in their overthrow of the Umayyads. Abu al-'Abbas' successor, al-Mansur, mov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of North American Area Codes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of North American Area Codes - 700
701: North Dakota (all) 702: Nevada (almost all of Clark County, including all of Las Vegas) 703: Virginia (Northern Virginia: Alexandria...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - Lists Of Caliphal Dynasties And Seats
Years according to the Christian era (all AD) Caliph - The Rashidun Righteously Guided. Accepted by Sunni Muslims and international cons...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constantinople: Encyclopedia Ii - Constantinople - Constantine's Foundation
Constantine had altogether more ambitious plans. Having restored the unity of the empire, now overseeing the progress of major government...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - Dynasties
The more important dynasties include: The Umayyad dynasty in Damascus (661-750), followed by: The Abbasid dynasty in Baghdad (750-1258),...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - Reasons For The Fall And Continuing Dormancy Of The Caliphate
Once the subject of intense conflict and rivalry amongst Muslim rulers, the caliphate has lay dormant and largely unclaimed for much of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - The History Of The Caliphate
Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor on his deathbed, and the Muslim community submitted to his choice. Uthman was elected by a counc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - How The Caliphate Came To An End
See the article Demise of the Ottoman Caliphate. On March 3, 1924, the first President of the Turkish Republic, Kemal Atatürk, constitut...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constantinople: Encyclopedia Ii - Constantinople - Public Buildings
Constantinople was a Christian city, lying in the most Christianised part of the Empire. Justinian made the temples of Byzantium into rui...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constantinople: Encyclopedia Ii - Constantinople - Constantinople In The Divided Empire
The first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople was Honoratus, who took office on 11 December 359 and held it until 361. The empero...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Du Fu: Encyclopedia Ii - Du Fu - Influence
In his lifetime, and immediately following his death, Du Fu was not greatly appreciated. In part this can be attributed to his stylistic ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Du Fu: Encyclopedia Ii - Du Fu - Translation
There have been a number of notable translations of Du Fu’s work into English. The translators have each had to contend with the same p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Du Fu: Encyclopedia Ii - Du Fu - Works
Criticism of Du Fu's works has focused on his strong sense of history, his moral engagement, and his technical excellence. Du Fu - Histo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constantinople: Encyclopedia Ii - Constantinople - Importance Of The City In Its Prime
Constantinople was historically important for a number of reasons. Constantinople was one of the larger and richer urban centers in the E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constantinople: Encyclopedia Ii - Constantinople - The City Under Justinian
The emperor Justinian (527-565) was known for his successes in war, for his legal reforms and for his public works. It was from Constanti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - Italian Nationalism And The End Of The Papal States
Italian nationalism had been stoked during the Napoleonic period but dashed by the settlement of the Congress of Vienna, which left Italy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - Consolidation And Schisms
The Abbasids had depended heavily on the support of Persians in their overthrow of the Umayyads. Abu al-'Abbas' successor, al-Mansur, mov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - The Era Of The French Revolution And Napoleon
The French Revolution proved as disastrous for the temporal territories of the Papacy as it was for the Catholic Church in general. In 17...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - The Renaissance
During the Renaissance, the papal territory expanded greatly, notably under Pope Alexander VI and Pope Julius II. The Pope became one of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - The Donation Of Pippin And The Holy Roman Empire
When the Exarchate finally fell to the Lombards in 751, the Duchy of Rome was completely cut off from the Byzantine Empire, of which it w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - The Mamluks
In the 9th century, the Abbasids created an army loyal only to their caliphate, drawn mostly from Turkish slaves, known as Mamluks, with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - Learning Under The Abbasid Dynasty
The reigns of Harun al-Rashid (786 - 809) and his successors fostered an age of great intellectual achievement. In large part this was th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Saint Boniface: Encyclopedia Ii - Saint Boniface - Boniface And The Carolingians
The support of the Frankish Mayors of the Palace (maior domos) and later, the early Pippinid and Carolingian rulers, was important to Bon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - The End Of The Caliphate
Hulagu Khan sacked Baghdad on (February 10, 1258), causing great loss of life. Hulagu and many others feared an earthquake or other shock...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Taizong Of Tang China: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Taizong Of Tang China - Early Achievements
Taizong was born in Lunghsi (in present-day Kansu. Taizong was known as a Hojen (胡人).) as the second son of Li Yuan, and was of one-q...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Taizong Of Tang China: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Taizong Of Tang China - Family
He had: Wende-shunsheng Empress (文德順聖皇后), Zhangsun-shi (長孫氏) Xian Consort (賢妃), Xu Hui (徐惠) Consort Yang I (�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mainz: Encyclopedia Ii - Mainz - Miscellaneous
After the last ice age, sand dunes were deposited in the Rhine valley at what was to become the western edge of the city. The Mainz Sand ...   » Read the article