680

680 - Births. Boniface, missionary to Germany Empress Gensho of Japan 680 - Deaths. January 30 - Balthild, queen of Neustria and Burgundy May 6 - Muawiyah I, caliph October 10 - Husayn bin Ali, grandson of Muhammad (see Battle of Karbala Wamba, king of the Visigoths 680 - Heads of states. Japan - Emperor Temmu. emperor of Japan (672-686) Categor ...

Including:

• 680 - Events
• 680 - Births
• 680 - Deaths
• 680 - Heads of states

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(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) 7th century BC - Overview. 7th century BC - Events. the Cimmerians ravage Phrygia in 696 BC, possible migration of the Armenians Scythians arrived in Asia Collapse of Susa, end of Elamite Empire Assyrians conquer Egypt (674 BC - 670 BC) Collapse of Nineveh, end of Assyria (612 BC) 7th century BC - Significant persons. Hezekiah of the ...

Including:

• 7th century BC - Overview
• 7th century BC - Events
• 7th century BC - Significant persons
• 7th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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Anglo-Saxon architecture was a period in the history of architecture in England, and parts of Wales, from the mid-5th century until the Norman Conquest of 1066. There are few remains of Anglo-Saxon architecture, with no secular work remaining above ground. At least fifty churches are of Anglo-Saxon origin, with many more claiming to be, although in some cases the Anglo-Saxon part is small and much-altered. Distinctive features of Anglo-Saxon architecture include rough brickwork, extremely thick walls and mostly arch wind ...

Including:

• Anglo-Saxon architecture - Seventh century
• Anglo-Saxon architecture - Eighth ninth and tenth centuries
• Anglo-Saxon architecture - Eleventh century
• Anglo-Saxon architecture - External link

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The Antiphonary of Bangor is an ancient Latin manuscript, supposed to have been originally written at Bangor, County Down (Northern Ireland). The codex, found by Muratori in the Ambrosian Library at Milan, and named by him the "Antiphonary of Bangor" ("Antiphonarium Benchorense"), was brought to Milan from Bobbio with many other books by Cardinal Federigo Borromeo when he founded the Ambrosian Library in 1609. Bobbio, which is situated in a gorge of the Apennines thirty-seven miles north-east of Genoa, was founded by St. ...

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Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam P ...

Including:

• Shi'a Islam - Etymology
• Shi'a Islam - Introduction
• Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam
• Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines
• Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines
• Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines
• Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations
• Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam
• Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars
• Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions
• Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include
• Shi'a Islam - Shi'a Hadith
• Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar
• Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a
• Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations
• Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship
• Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

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Tom Harkin (D) Iowa is the 29th state of the United States, having joined the Union on December 28, 1846. The official name of the state is the "State of Iowa", and the U.S. Post Office abbreviation for the state is IA. The state is named for the Native American Iowa people. Iowa - History. Main article: History of Iowa. Highlights: French explorers Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette are believed to be the first European ...

Including:

• Iowa - History
• Iowa - Historical Reference
• Iowa - Famous Iowans
• Iowa - Geography
• Iowa - Climate
• Iowa - Interstate highways
• Iowa - US highways
• Iowa - Animals
• Iowa - Economy
• Iowa - Demographics
• Iowa - Rural flight
• Iowa - Religion
• Iowa - Important cities and towns
• Iowa - Education
• Iowa - State universities
• Iowa - Independent colleges and universities
• Iowa - Community colleges
• Iowa - Professional business and technical colleges and universities
• Iowa - Law and government
• Iowa - Iowa Presidential caucus
• Iowa - U.S. senators from Iowa
• Iowa - Professional sports teams
• Iowa - Sources

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April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). There are 254 days remaining. April 21 - Events. 753 BC - Romulus founds Rome (traditional). 1792 - Tiradentes, a revolutionary who was leading a movement for Brazil's independence, is hanged. 1836 - Texas Revolution: Battle of San Jacinto – Republic of Texas forces under Sam Houston defeat troops under Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna. 1863 - B ...

Including:

• April 21 - Events
• April 21 - Births
• April 21 - Deaths
• April 21 - Holidays and observances

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Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Political Islam • Jihad Liberal Islam Vocabular ...

Including:

• Imam - Prayer Leader
• Imam - Clerical Imams
• Imam - Shia Imams
• Imam - Sunni Imams
• Imam - Theocratical Imams

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Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by a group of Iranian people speaking Indo-Iranian languages, known as the Scythians. The location and extent of Scythia varied over time, from the Altai region where Mongolia, China, Russia, and Kazakhstan come together, across South of Ukraine to the lower Danube river area, Bulgaria and Georgia. The Saka were Asian Scythians and were known as Sai (Character: ...

Including:

• Scythia - Etymology
• Scythia - Scythian society
• Scythia - History
• Scythia - Overview
• Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources
• Scythia - Scythians in the Bible
• Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian
• Scythia - Pazyryk culture
• Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk
• Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan
• Scythia - Scythian gold
• Scythia - Sakas
• Scythia - Indo-Scythians
• Scythia - Scythians and China
• Scythia - The genetic argument
• Scythia - The idea of Scythia

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Botolph, Botulph or Botulf (born 610, died circa 680) was an English abbot and saint. He is the patron saint of the various aspects of farming. His feast day is celebrated either on 17 June or 25 June, and his translation on 1 December. Saint Botolph - Life and works. Little is known about his life, other than doubtful details in a surviving account written four hundred years after his death by the eleventh-century monk Folcard. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records for the year 653^Including:

• Saint Botolph - Life and works
• Saint Botolph - Church dedications
• Saint Botolph - Secular connections
• Saint Botolph - Footnotes

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Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence • Theology Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Politi ...

Including:

• Caliph - Origins of the caliphate
• Caliph - Succession to Muhammad
• Caliph - The authority of the caliph
• Caliph - The history of the caliphate
• Caliph - How the Caliphate came to an end
• Caliph - Reasons for the fall and continuing dormancy of the Caliphate
• Caliph - Famous caliphs
• Caliph - Dynasties
• Caliph - Claims to the caliphate
• Caliph - Lists of Caliphal dynasties and seats
• Caliph - The Rashidun Righteously Guided
• Caliph - The Umayyads of Damascus
• Caliph - The Abbasids of Baghdad
• Caliph - The Abbasid branch of Cairo
• Caliph - The Ottoman Padishahs
• Caliph - The secular Republic of Turkey
• Caliph - The Sharifan house in now Saudi Arabia
• Caliph - Sources and references

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The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths, the Ostrogoths being the other. Together these tribes were among the loosely-termed Germanic peoples who disturbed the late Roman Empire during the Migration Period. After the collapse of the western Roman Empire the Visigoths played a major role in western European affairs for another two and a half centuries. Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi. The naming of this people is problematic. Some time shortly after 291 Mamertinus made a eulogy of Em ...

Including:

• Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi
• Visigoth - Early history
• Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Aquitaine
• Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia
• Visigoth - Kings of the Visigoths
• Visigoth - Early kings
• Visigoth - Balti dynasty
• Visigoth - Later kings
• Visigoth - Doubtful kings
• Visigoth - Select bibliography

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Constantine IV (649-685) was Byzantine emperor from 668-685. He had been named a co-emperor with his father Constans II in 654, and became emperor when Constans was assassinated in 668. The most immediate threat to the empire under his reign were the Arabs, who sent a fleet to attack Constantinople by sea in 674. While Constantine was diverted by this, the Slavs attacked Thessalonika. Constantinople survived the Arab siege until 678, when the Byzantines employed Greek fire against the Arab fleet at the Battle of Syllaeum ...

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Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) - a people of Central Asia, originally Pamirian or Turkic, whose branches became Slavicized and Turkic over time. The Turkic etymology most often given for their name is Bulgha meaning sable and is of totemistic origin. Bulgars - History. Bulgars - Migration to Europe. In the 2nd century AD, some groups of Bulgars migrated to the European continent and settled on the plains between the Caspian and the Black S ...

Including:

• Bulgars - History
• Bulgars - Migration to Europe
• Bulgars - Establishment of Great Bulgaria
• Bulgars - Subsequent migrations
• Bulgars - List of Bulgar tribes

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Decapitation, or beheading, is the removal of a living organism's head. Beheading typically refers to the act of intentional decapitation, e.g., as a means of murder or execution; it may be accomplished, for example, with an axe, sword, or knife, or by means of a guillotine. Accidental decapitation can be the result of an explosion, automobile or industrial accident or other violent injury. Suicide by decapitation is rare, but not unknown. In 2003 a British man killed himself by means of a home-made guil ...

Including:

• Decapitation - Decapitation throughout history
• Decapitation - Decapitation in the modern world
• Decapitation - Some famous persons who have been beheaded
• Decapitation - Biblical
• Decapitation - Celtic Saints
• Decapitation - Islamic
• Decapitation - China
• Decapitation - England
• Decapitation - French Revolution
• Decapitation - Italy
• Decapitation - Mythological
• Decapitation - Scotland
• Decapitation - Nazi Germany
• Decapitation - Modern era
• Decapitation - Other meanings of the word

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The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. Cologne is the ancient Roman city of Colonia Agrippina. It became a free city in 1288 and the residence of the Archbishop was moved from Cologne Cathedral to Bonn. Its territories included a strip of territory along the Left Bank of the Rhine east of Jülich, as well as the Duchy of Westphalia on the other side of the Rhine, beyond Berg and Mark. The Archbishop was traditionally one of the Imperial Electors and the Archchancellor of Italy and Burgun ...

Including:

• Archbishopric of Cologne - Bishops and Archbishops of Cologne
• Archbishopric of Cologne - Bishops of Colonia Agrippina 88-784
• Archbishopric of Cologne - Archbishops of Cologne 784-1238
• Archbishopric of Cologne - Archbishop-Electors of Cologne 1238-1803
• Archbishopric of Cologne - Modern Archbishops of Cologne 1824-present

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Basra (also spelled Başrah or Basara; historically sometimes written Busra, Busrah, and the early form Bassorah; Arabic: البصرة, Al-Basrah) is the third largest city of Iraq with an estimated population of c. 1,377,000 (2003). It is the country's main port. Basra is the capital of the Basra province. The city is located along the Shatt al-Arab (Arvandrood) waterway near the Persian Gulf. Basra is 55 km from the Persian Gulf and 545 km fr ...

Including:

• Basra - Early history
• Basra - Basra in Islamic theology and scholarship
• Basra - Early literary mentions of Basra
• Basra - Second World War
• Basra - 1945-1990: peacetime and the Iran-Iraq War
• Basra - Persian Gulf War
• Basra - Iraq War and occupation
• Basra - Post-war Basra
• Basra - UK fighting against Iraqi police
• Basra - Bibliography

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Bhaskara I (c. 600 - c. 680) was a 7th century Indian mathematician, who gave a unique and remarkable rational approximation of the sine function in his commentary on Aryabhata's work. See also. Bhaskara II Bhaskara II Bhaskara I - Reference. Biography at the MacTutor archive ...

Including:

• Bhaskara I - Reference

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Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Political Islam • Jihad Liberal Islam Vocab ...

Read more here: » Arba'een: Encyclopedia - Arba'een

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations< ...

Including:

• Ecumenical council - Council documents
• Ecumenical council - List of ecumenical councils
• Ecumenical council - Councils #1 to #7
• Ecumenical council - Councils #8 and #9
• Ecumenical council - Councils #10 to #21 Councils of Rome
• Ecumenical council - Acceptance of the councils
• Ecumenical council - Mormonism: accept none
• Ecumenical council - Nontrinitarian churches: accept none
• Ecumenical council - The Assyrian Church: accept #1 and #2
• Ecumenical council - Oriental Orthodoxy: accept #1 #2 and #3
• Ecumenical council - Protestantism: accept #1-#7 with reservations
• Ecumenical council - Eastern Orthodoxy: accept #1-#7; some also accept #8eo #9eo
• Ecumenical council - Roman Catholicism: accept #1-#7 #8cor #9cor #10-#21

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