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640s | A Wisdom Archive on 640s | | 640s A selection of articles related to 640s | |
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640s, 640s
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ARTICLES RELATED TO 640s | |
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| | |  640s: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Descent beginning of reign and battle with the West SaxonsPenda was a son of Pybba and said to be a descendant of Icel, with a lineage purportedly extending back to Woden. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives his descent as follows:
Penda was Pybba's offspring, Pybba was Cryda's offspring, Cryda Cynewald's offspring, Cynewald Cnebba's offspring, Cnebba Icel's offspring, Icel Eomer's offspring, Eomer Angeltheow's offspring, Angeltheow Offa's offspring, Offa Wermund's offspring, Wermund Wihtlaeg's offspring ...
See also:Penda of Mercia, Penda of Mercia - Descent beginning of reign and battle with the West Saxons, Penda of Mercia - Alliance with Cadwallon and the Battle of Hatfield Chase, Penda of Mercia - During the reign of Oswald, Penda of Mercia - Maserfield, Penda of Mercia - Campaigns between Maserfield and the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Relations with Bernicia; Christianity and Middle Anglia, Penda of Mercia - Final campaign and the battle of the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Aftermath and historical appraisal, Penda of Mercia - Notes Read more here: » Penda of Mercia: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Descent beginning of reign and battle with the West Saxons |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - 19th Century
History of Sudan - The Turkiyah.
Main article: History of Sudan (1821-1885)
In 1820–21, an Egyptian-Ottoman force conquered and unified the northern portion of the country. The new government was known as the Turkiyah or Turkish regime. They were looking to open new markets and sources of natural resources. Historically, the pestilential swamps of the Suud discouraged expansion into the deeper south of the country. Although Egypt claimed all of the present Sudan during most of ...
See also:History of Sudan, History of Sudan - Early history, History of Sudan - The coming of Islam, History of Sudan - 19th Century, History of Sudan - The Turkiyah, History of Sudan - Mahdism and condominium, History of Sudan - European Colonialism, History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War, History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era, History of Sudan - Arms suppliers, History of Sudan - Second Civil War, History of Sudan - Darfur, History of Sudan - Chadian-Sudanese War Read more here: » History of Sudan: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - 19th Century |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Maserfield On August 5, 642 31, Penda defeated the Northumbrians at the Battle of Maserfield, which was fought near the lands of the Welsh, and Oswald was killed. Surviving Welsh poetry suggests that Penda fought in alliance with the men of Powys—apparently he was consistently allied with some of the Welsh—perhaps including Cynddylan ap Cyndrwyn, of whom it was said that "when the son of Pyb desired, how ready he was", presumably meaning that he was an ally of Penda, the son of Pybba.See also:Penda of Mercia, Penda of Mercia - Descent beginning of reign and battle with the West Saxons, Penda of Mercia - Alliance with Cadwallon and the Battle of Hatfield Chase, Penda of Mercia - During the reign of Oswald, Penda of Mercia - Maserfield, Penda of Mercia - Campaigns between Maserfield and the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Relations with Bernicia; Christianity and Middle Anglia, Penda of Mercia - Final campaign and the battle of the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Aftermath and historical appraisal, Penda of Mercia - Notes Read more here: » Penda of Mercia: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Maserfield |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Campaigns between Maserfield and the Winwaed Defeat at Maserfield must have weakened Northumbrian influence over the West Saxons, and the new West Saxon king Cenwealh—who was still pagan at this time—was married to Penda's sister. It may be surmised that this meant he was to some extent within what Kirby called a "Mercian orbit".36 However, when Cenwealh (according to Bede) "repudiated" Penda's sister in favor of another wife, Penda drove Cenwealh into exile in East Anglia in 645, where he remained for three years before reg ...
See also:Penda of Mercia, Penda of Mercia - Descent beginning of reign and battle with the West Saxons, Penda of Mercia - Alliance with Cadwallon and the Battle of Hatfield Chase, Penda of Mercia - During the reign of Oswald, Penda of Mercia - Maserfield, Penda of Mercia - Campaigns between Maserfield and the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Relations with Bernicia; Christianity and Middle Anglia, Penda of Mercia - Final campaign and the battle of the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Aftermath and historical appraisal, Penda of Mercia - Notes Read more here: » Penda of Mercia: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Campaigns between Maserfield and the Winwaed |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Aftermath and historical appraisal With the defeat at the Winwaed, Oswiu came to briefly dominate Mercia, permitting Penda's son Peada to rule its southern portion. Two of Penda's other sons, Wulfhere and Aethelred, later ruled Mercia in succession after the overthrow of Northumbrian control in the late 650s. The period of rule by Penda's descendants came to an end with his grandson Ceolred's death in 716, after which power passe ...
See also:Penda of Mercia, Penda of Mercia - Descent beginning of reign and battle with the West Saxons, Penda of Mercia - Alliance with Cadwallon and the Battle of Hatfield Chase, Penda of Mercia - During the reign of Oswald, Penda of Mercia - Maserfield, Penda of Mercia - Campaigns between Maserfield and the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Relations with Bernicia; Christianity and Middle Anglia, Penda of Mercia - Final campaign and the battle of the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Aftermath and historical appraisal, Penda of Mercia - Notes Read more here: » Penda of Mercia: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Aftermath and historical appraisal |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - During the reign of Oswald Oswald of Bernicia became king of Northumbria after his victory over Cadwallon at Heavenfield.10 Penda's status and activities during the years of Oswald's reign are obscure. It has been presumed that Penda acknowledged Oswald's authority in some sense after Heavenfield,23 although Penda was probably an obstacle to Northumbrian supremacy south of the Humber.24 Kirby says ...
See also:Penda of Mercia, Penda of Mercia - Descent beginning of reign and battle with the West Saxons, Penda of Mercia - Alliance with Cadwallon and the Battle of Hatfield Chase, Penda of Mercia - During the reign of Oswald, Penda of Mercia - Maserfield, Penda of Mercia - Campaigns between Maserfield and the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Relations with Bernicia; Christianity and Middle Anglia, Penda of Mercia - Final campaign and the battle of the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Aftermath and historical appraisal, Penda of Mercia - Notes Read more here: » Penda of Mercia: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - During the reign of Oswald |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Final campaign and the battle of the Winwaed In 655,1 Penda invaded Bernicia with a large army, reported to have been thirty legions strong, with thirty royal or noble commanders (duces regii, as Bede called them), including rulers such as Cadfael ap Cynfeddw of Gwynedd and Aethelhere of East Anglia. Penda also enjoyed the support of Aethelwald, the king of Deira and the successor of Oswine, who had been murdered on Oswiu's orders in 651; Bede says Aethelwald acted as Penda's guide during his invasion.
The cause of ...
See also:Penda of Mercia, Penda of Mercia - Descent beginning of reign and battle with the West Saxons, Penda of Mercia - Alliance with Cadwallon and the Battle of Hatfield Chase, Penda of Mercia - During the reign of Oswald, Penda of Mercia - Maserfield, Penda of Mercia - Campaigns between Maserfield and the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Relations with Bernicia; Christianity and Middle Anglia, Penda of Mercia - Final campaign and the battle of the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Aftermath and historical appraisal, Penda of Mercia - Notes Read more here: » Penda of Mercia: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Final campaign and the battle of the Winwaed |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Relations with Bernicia; Christianity and Middle Anglia Despite these apparent instances of warfare, relations between Penda and Oswiu were probably not entirely hostile during this period, since Penda's daughter Cyneburh married Alhfrith, Oswiu's son, and Penda's son Peada married Alhflaed, Oswiu's daughter. According to Bede, who dates the events to 653, the latter marriage was made contingent upon the baptism and conversion to Christianity of Peada; Peada accepted this, and the preaching of Christianity began among the Middle Angles, whom he ruled. Bede wrote that Penda tolerated the preaching ...
See also:Penda of Mercia, Penda of Mercia - Descent beginning of reign and battle with the West Saxons, Penda of Mercia - Alliance with Cadwallon and the Battle of Hatfield Chase, Penda of Mercia - During the reign of Oswald, Penda of Mercia - Maserfield, Penda of Mercia - Campaigns between Maserfield and the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Relations with Bernicia; Christianity and Middle Anglia, Penda of Mercia - Final campaign and the battle of the Winwaed, Penda of Mercia - Aftermath and historical appraisal, Penda of Mercia - Notes Read more here: » Penda of Mercia: Encyclopedia II - Penda of Mercia - Relations with Bernicia; Christianity and Middle Anglia |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War In February 1953, the United Kingdom and Egypt concluded an agreement providing for Sudanese self-government and self-determination. The transitional period toward independence began with the inauguration of the first parliament in 1954. With the consent of the British and Egyptian Governments, Sudan achieved independence on 1 January 1956, under a provisional constitution. The United States was among the first foreign powers to recognize the new state. However, the Arab-led Khartoum government reneged on promises to southerners to create a ...
See also:History of Sudan, History of Sudan - Early history, History of Sudan - The coming of Islam, History of Sudan - 19th Century, History of Sudan - The Turkiyah, History of Sudan - Mahdism and condominium, History of Sudan - European Colonialism, History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War, History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era, History of Sudan - Arms suppliers, History of Sudan - Second Civil War, History of Sudan - Darfur, History of Sudan - Chadian-Sudanese War Read more here: » History of Sudan: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - Early history During the ancient period, the area that today is northern Sudan was known as Nubia. Egyptians and people of the Mediterranean world also referred to it as Ethiopia (see History of Ethiopia). The area of the Nile valley that lies within present day Sudan was home to three Kushite kingdoms during antiquity: the first with its capital at Kerma (2400 – 1500 BCE), another that centered on Napata (1000 – 300 BCE) and, finally, that of Meroë (300 BCE – 300 CE).
Each of these kingdoms was strongly culturally, economically, politically ...
See also:History of Sudan, History of Sudan - Early history, History of Sudan - The coming of Islam, History of Sudan - 19th Century, History of Sudan - The Turkiyah, History of Sudan - Mahdism and condominium, History of Sudan - European Colonialism, History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War, History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era, History of Sudan - Arms suppliers, History of Sudan - Second Civil War, History of Sudan - Darfur, History of Sudan - Chadian-Sudanese War Read more here: » History of Sudan: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - Early history |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - The coming of Islam Islam came to Egypt in the 640s, and pressed southward; around 651 the governor of Egypt raided as far south as Dongola. The Egyptians met with stiff resistance and found little wealth worth capturing. They thus ceased their offensive and a treaty known as the baqt was signed between the Arabs and Makuria. This treaty held for some seven hundred years. The area between the Nile and the Red Sea was a source of gold and emeralds, and Arab miners gradually moved in. Around the 970s an Egyptian envoy Ibn Sulaym went to Dongola and wrote an accou ...
See also:History of Sudan, History of Sudan - Early history, History of Sudan - The coming of Islam, History of Sudan - 19th Century, History of Sudan - The Turkiyah, History of Sudan - Mahdism and condominium, History of Sudan - European Colonialism, History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War, History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era, History of Sudan - Arms suppliers, History of Sudan - Second Civil War, History of Sudan - Darfur, History of Sudan - Chadian-Sudanese War Read more here: » History of Sudan: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - The coming of Islam |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era Dissatisfaction culminated in a second military coup on 25 May 1969. The coup leader, Col. Gaafar Nimeiry, became prime minister, and the new regime abolished parliament and outlawed all political parties.
Disputes between Marxist and non-Marxist elements within the ruling military coalition resulted in a briefly successful coup in July 1971, led by the Sudanese Communist Party. Several days later, anti-communist military elements restored Nimeiry to power.
In 1972, the Addis Ab ...
See also:History of Sudan, History of Sudan - Early history, History of Sudan - The coming of Islam, History of Sudan - 19th Century, History of Sudan - The Turkiyah, History of Sudan - Mahdism and condominium, History of Sudan - European Colonialism, History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War, History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era, History of Sudan - Arms suppliers, History of Sudan - Second Civil War, History of Sudan - Darfur, History of Sudan - Chadian-Sudanese War Read more here: » History of Sudan: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era |
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| | | | 640s: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - Second Civil War In 1983 the civil war was reignited following the government's Islamicization policy which would have instituted Islamic law, among other things. After several years of fighting, the government compromised with southern groups.
Main article: History of Sudan (Transitional Military Council)
On April 6, 1985, a group of military officers, led by Lieutenant General Abd ar Rahman Siwar adh Dhahab, overthrew Nimeiri, who took refuge in Egy ...
See also:History of Sudan, History of Sudan - Early history, History of Sudan - The coming of Islam, History of Sudan - 19th Century, History of Sudan - The Turkiyah, History of Sudan - Mahdism and condominium, History of Sudan - European Colonialism, History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War, History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era, History of Sudan - Arms suppliers, History of Sudan - Second Civil War, History of Sudan - Darfur, History of Sudan - Chadian-Sudanese War Read more here: » History of Sudan: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - Second Civil War |
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