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Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων Roman (Byzantine) Empire Motto: Βασιλεὺς Βασιλέων Βασιλεύων Βασιλευόντων (Greek: King of Kings Ruling Over Rulers) The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. In certain s ...

Including:

• Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Empire - Identity continuity and consciousness
• Byzantine Empire - Origin
• Byzantine Empire - Early history
• Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I
• Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival
• Byzantine Empire - Golden era
• Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the Crusaders
• Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline
• Byzantine Empire - The Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance
• Byzantine Empire - Bibliography

Read more here: » Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire

Iberia was a name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli (4th century BC-5th century AD) corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia. The term “Caucasian Iberia” (or the Eastern Iberia) is used to distinguish it from the Iberian Peninsula, where the present day states of Spain and Portugal are located. The Caucasian Iberians provided a basis for later Georgian statehood and formed a core of the present day Georgian people/Kartveli ...

Including:

• Caucasian Iberia - History
• Caucasian Iberia - Earliest history
• Caucasian Iberia - Pharnavaz I and his descendants
• Caucasian Iberia - Roman period
• Caucasian Iberia - Between Rome/Byzantium and Persia
• Caucasian Iberia - Fall of the kingdom
• Caucasian Iberia - Arab period
• Caucasian Iberia - Eastern and Western Iberians

Read more here: » Caucasian Iberia: Encyclopedia - Caucasian Iberia

Location of Xi'an Xi'an (Chinese: 西安; Hanyu Pinyin: Xī'ān; Wade-Giles: Hsi-An; literal meaning: "Western Peace"), is the capital of Shaanxi province in China and a sub-provincial city. One of the most important cities in Chinese history, Xi'an is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China because it has been the capital of 13 dynasties such as Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang. Xi'an is the eastern end of the Silk Road. The ...

Including:

• Xi'an - History
• Xi'an - Geography
• Xi'an - Demographics
• Xi'an - Culture
• Xi'an - Sights
• Xi'an - Economy
• Xi'an - Public Transportation
• Xi'an - Miscellaneous
• Xi'an - Colleges and universities
• Xi'an - Additional Images
• Xi'an - Bell and Drum Towers
• Xi'an - Great Goose Pagoda

Read more here: » Xi'an: Encyclopedia - Xi'an

I. A chronogram is a sentence or inscription in which specific letters, interpreted as numerals, stand for a particular date when rearranged. The word, meaning "time writing," derives from the Greek words chronos ("time") and gramma ("letter"). Longer chronograms are referred to as chronosticha, if they are a hexameter, and chronodisticha if they are a distich. II. Also a magazine published in the Hudson Valley of New York, featuring politics and art. Chronogram - Roman numerals. Including:

• Chronogram - Roman numerals
• Chronogram - Hebrew numerals
• Chronogram - In Epitaphs
• Chronogram - In Books
• Chronogram - In Poetry

Read more here: » Chronogram: Encyclopedia - Chronogram

Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish) was the name by which the Imperial Russia designated the eastern part of the principality of Moldavia annexed by Russia in 1812. The remaining Moldavia united with Wallachia in 1859 in what would become the Kingdom of Romania. In 1918, Bessarabia declared its independence from Russia and at the end of World War I, it united with the Kingdom of Romania. USSR annexed Bessarabia in the beginning of World War II (see Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) and a ...

Including:

• Bessarabia - Geography
• Bessarabia - History
• Bessarabia - Ancient times
• Bessarabia - The Age of the migrations
• Bessarabia - Principality of Moldavia
• Bessarabia - Part of Russia
• Bessarabia - Part of Romania
• Bessarabia - World War II
• Bessarabia - Part of the Soviet Union
• Bessarabia - Rise of the Independent Moldova
• Bessarabia - Population
• Bessarabia - Economy

Read more here: » Bessarabia: Encyclopedia - Bessarabia

Chang'an listen ▶ (help·info) (Simplified: 长安; Traditional: 長安; Hanyu Pinyin: Cháng'ān; Wade-Giles: Ch'ang-an) is the ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in China. "Chang'an" means "Perpetual Peace" in Classical Chinese. (During the short-lived Xin Dynasty, the name was changed to 常安 -- pronounced the same way, but with the meaning of " ...

Including:

• Chang'an - External link

Read more here: » Chang'an: Encyclopedia - Chang'an

This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. The title of all Emperors listed preceding Heraclius was officially Augustus, although various other titles such as Dominus were used as well. For official purposes, their names were preceded by Imperator Caesar Flavius and followed by Augustus. Following Heraclius, the title became the Greek Basileus (Gr. Βασιλευς), which had formerly meant "king" but now was used in place of Augustus. Other (and to Roman minds, lesser) kings were titled by the neologi ...

Including:

• List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile

Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia - List of Byzantine Emperors

(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) 6th century BC - Overview. The 5th and 6th centuries BC were a time of empires, but more importantly, a time of learning and philosophy. Mediterranean: Beginning of Greek philosophy, flourishes during the 5th century BC East Asia: Chinese philosophy become the "religion" of China. Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, and Moism flourish. Middle East: During the Persian empire, Zoroaster, aka Zarathustra, founded Zoroastrianism ...

Including:

• 6th century BC - Overview
• 6th century BC - Events
• 6th century BC - Significant persons
• 6th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

Read more here: » 6th century BC: Encyclopedia - 6th century BC

August 13 is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining. August 13 - Events. 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury corollation, the Maya calendar starts. 523 - John succeeds Hormisdas as Pope. 1099 - Paschal II elected Pope. 1315 - Louis X of France marries Clemence d'Anjou. 1326 - Aradia de Toscano, according to legend/folklore, is initiated into a Dianic witchcraft cult, subsequently founds th ...

Including:

• August 13 - Events
• August 13 - Births
• August 13 - Deaths
• August 13 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 13: Encyclopedia - August 13

Agathias or Agathias Scholasticus (c. AD 536-582 594?), of Myrina, an Aeolian city in western Asia Minor, was a Greek poet and the historian who is a principal source for that part of the reign of Justinian I covered in his history. He studied law at Alexandria, returned to Constantinople in 554 to finish his training and practised as an advocate (scholasticus) in the courts. ...

Including:

• Agathias - Editions of the Histories

Read more here: » Agathias: Encyclopedia - Agathias

(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) 5th century BC - Overview. The 5th and 6th centuries BC are a period of philosophical brilliance among advanced civilizations. Ancient Greek philosophy develops during the 5th century BC, setting the foundation for Western ideology. In Athens and elsewhere in the Mediterranean world, the 5th century marks a high point in the development of political institutions, art, architecture,and literature. 5th century ...

Including:

• 5th century BC - Overview
• 5th century BC - Events
• 5th century BC - Significant persons
• 5th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 5th century BC - Decades and years

Read more here: » 5th century BC: Encyclopedia - 5th century BC

Patriarch of Constantinople, b. about 512, in Phrygia; d. Easter Day, 5 April 582. He became a monk and then archimandrite at Amasea, in Pontus. In 552 his bishop sent him on business to Constantinople, where he seems to have made a great impression on Justinian I (527-565), so much so that when Mennas the Patriarch (536-552) died, the emperor procured Eutychius's election as successor, on the very same day (in August). The great quarrel of the Three-Chapter Controversy, an attempt to reconcile the Monophysite beliefs of the Christians of Sy ...

See also:

Patriarch Eutychius of Constantinople, Patriarch Eutychius of Constantinople - New Advent, Patriarch Eutychius of Constantinople - Sources

Read more here: » Patriarch Eutychius of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Patriarch Eutychius of Constantinople - New Advent

The name Bessarabia (Basarabia in Romanian) probably derives from the Wallachian family of Basarab, who once ruled over the southern part of the area. The name originally applied only to the southern part of the territory, which corresponds in size with the modern day Budjak. The Turks were the first to call it " Besarabya", which they began doing when they gained control of the area in 1484. From the 15th to the 20th centuries, the region passed successively to: Moldavia, the Ottoman Empire (only the Budjak region), Russia, Romania, the Soviet Union, Ukraine and Moldova. ...

See also:

Bessarabia, Bessarabia - Geography, Bessarabia - History, Bessarabia - Ancient times, Bessarabia - The Age of the migrations, Bessarabia - Principality of Moldavia, Bessarabia - Part of Russia, Bessarabia - Part of Romania, Bessarabia - World War II, Bessarabia - Part of the Soviet Union, Bessarabia - Rise of the Independent Moldova, Bessarabia - Population, Bessarabia - Economy

Read more here: » Bessarabia: Encyclopedia II - Bessarabia - History

List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic. Jovian (Iovianus) (332 - 364, ruled 363 - 364) – Soldier, restored Christianity ...

See also:

List of Byzantine Emperors, List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty 306-363, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty 364-457, List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty 457-518, List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty 518-602, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty 610-695, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic 695-705, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty 705-711, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic 711-717, List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty 717-802, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty 802-813, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty 820-867, List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty 867-1056, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty 1059-1081, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored 1081-1185, List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty 1185-1204, List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea 1204-1261, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople 1259-1453, List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile

Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty 306-363

Turtledove was born in Los Angeles, California to a Jewish family. After flunking out of his freshman year at Caltech, he attended UCLA, where he received a Ph.D. in Byzantine history in 1977. His dissertation was on The Immediate Successors of Justinian: A Study of the Persian Problem and of Continuity and Change in Internal Secular Affairs in the Later Roman Empire During the Reigns of Justin II and Tiberius II Constantine (AD 565–582). In 1979, Turtledove published his first two novels, Wereblood and WerenightSee also:

Harry Turtledove, Harry Turtledove - Life of Harry Turtledove, Harry Turtledove - List of Books and Series, Harry Turtledove - Elabon, Harry Turtledove - The Videssos Books, Harry Turtledove - Worldwar & Colonization Series, Harry Turtledove - The Southern Victory or Timeline-191 Series, Harry Turtledove - Darkness Series, Harry Turtledove - War Between the Provinces Series, Harry Turtledove - Sostrates & Menedemos Series, Harry Turtledove - Crosstime Traffic Series, Harry Turtledove - Pacific War Series, Harry Turtledove - Stand-alone Books

Read more here: » Harry Turtledove: Encyclopedia II - Harry Turtledove - Life of Harry Turtledove

Some historians claim that his father Severian was duke or governor of Carthage, but Saint Isidore simply states that he was a citizen of that city. The family emigrated from Carthage about 554 and went to Seville. Severian had three sons, Leander, Isidore, and Fulgentius, and one daughter, Florentina. St. Leander and St. Isidore both became bishops of Seville; St. Fulgentius, bishop of Carthagena, and Saint Florentina, a nun, directed forty convents and one thousand nuns. It has been also believed, but wrongly, that Theodosia, another daugh ...

See also:

Saint Leander, Saint Leander - Life, Saint Leander - Works

Read more here: » Saint Leander: Encyclopedia II - Saint Leander - Life

The great popularity of chronograms among the Jews, and the extent to which they have been cultivated, may be explained by the fact that they are a variety of Gematria, which latter was highly regarded by the Jews and much practised by them. The earliest chronogram in Jewish literature is one found in a Hebrew poem of the year 1205 by Al-Harizi (ed. Kaminka, p. 412; compare Rapoport, in "Kerem Hemed," vii. 252), while the earliest Latin chronogram is dated five years later (compare Hilton, "Chronograms," iii. 4). According to Firkowic ...

See also:

Chronogram, Chronogram - Roman numerals, Chronogram - Hebrew numerals, Chronogram - In Epitaphs, Chronogram - In Books, Chronogram - In Poetry

Read more here: » Chronogram: Encyclopedia II - Chronogram - Hebrew numerals

Xi'an is known as one of the academic centers in China. The number of institutions is the third only after Beijing and Shanghai. The private institutions are famous in the country. Public Xi'an Jiaotong University (西安交通大學) Chang'an University (長安大學) Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry (西北農林科技大學) Northwestern Polytechnical University (西北工業大學) Shaanxi Normal University (陝西師範大學) Xidian Univers ...

See also:

Xi'an, Xi'an - History, Xi'an - Geography, Xi'an - Demographics, Xi'an - Culture, Xi'an - Sights, Xi'an - Economy, Xi'an - Public Transportation, Xi'an - Miscellaneous, Xi'an - Colleges and universities, Xi'an - Additional Images, Xi'an - Bell and Drum Towers, Xi'an - Great Goose Pagoda

Read more here: » Xi'an: Encyclopedia II - Xi'an - Colleges and universities

Caucasian Iberia - Earliest history. The area was inhabited in earliest times by several relative tribes, collectively called Iberians (the Eastern Iberians) by ancient authors. Locals called their country Kartli after a mythic chief, Kartlos. The Moschi mentioned by various classic historians, and their possible descendants, the Saspers, mentioned by Herodotus, may have played a crucial role in the consolidation of the tribes inhabiting the area. Probably, the word “Iberia” is also derived from ...

See also:

Caucasian Iberia, Caucasian Iberia - History, Caucasian Iberia - Earliest history, Caucasian Iberia - Pharnavaz I and his descendants, Caucasian Iberia - Roman period, Caucasian Iberia - Between Rome/Byzantium and Persia, Caucasian Iberia - Fall of the kingdom, Caucasian Iberia - Arab period, Caucasian Iberia - Eastern and Western Iberians

Read more here: » Caucasian Iberia: Encyclopedia II - Caucasian Iberia - History

Xi'an is known as one of the academic centers in China. The number of institutions is the third only after Beijing and Shanghai. The private institutions are famous in the country. Public Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University (西安交通大學) Chang'an University (長安大學) Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry (西北農林科技大學) Northwestern Polytechnical University (西北工業大學) Shaanxi Normal Uni ...

See also:

Xi'an, Xi'an - History, Xi'an - Geography, Xi'an - Demographics, Xi'an - Culture, Xi'an - Sights, Xi'an - Economy, Xi'an - Public Transportation, Xi'an - Miscellaneous, Xi'an - Colleges and universities, Xi'an - Additional Images, Xi'an - Bell and Drum Towers, Xi'an - Big Wild Goose Pagoda

Read more here: » Xi'an: Encyclopedia II - Xi'an - Colleges and universities