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581 | A Wisdom Archive on 581 | | 581 A selection of articles related to 581 | |
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581, 581
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 581 | | | |  581: Encyclopedia II - Zhengzhou - Transportation
Zhengzhou - Train.
Zhengzhou is a major railway junction between the Long-hai railway (east-west) and the Jing-guang railway (north-south). Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport is located 37km southeast of the city centre.
Zhengzhou is easy to reach from Beijing and from Shanghai by train. Further travelling to Xi'an is also recommended by train.
Zhengzhou - Taxi.
Travelling within the city is easy by taxi. In 2005 the base rate is 7 yuan, which includes the first 3 kilometres. Every additional kilometre is either 1 or 1.2 yuan. Fares are generally so ...
See also:Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou - Administration, Zhengzhou - History, Zhengzhou - Economy, Zhengzhou - Agriculture, Zhengzhou - Industry, Zhengzhou - Culture, Zhengzhou - Tourism, Zhengzhou - Transportation, Zhengzhou - Train, Zhengzhou - Taxi, Zhengzhou - Tram, Zhengzhou - College and Universities, Zhengzhou - Public, Zhengzhou - Private, Zhengzhou - Notable people, Zhengzhou - Friendship cities, Zhengzhou - International, Zhengzhou - Domestic Read more here: » Zhengzhou: Encyclopedia II - Zhengzhou - Transportation |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Zhengzhou - Tourism Zhengzhou is a dusty, flat industrial city set amid the farmland of central China. As the city has few scenic attractions, most travellers use Zhengzhou as a resting place or a transfer point on the way to nearby tourist spots such as the Shaolin Temple and the Longmen Grottoes of Luoyang.
Zhengzhou's most notable cultural institution is the Henan Provincial Museum, one of mainland China's important museums.
...
See also:Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou - Administration, Zhengzhou - History, Zhengzhou - Economy, Zhengzhou - Agriculture, Zhengzhou - Industry, Zhengzhou - Culture, Zhengzhou - Tourism, Zhengzhou - Transportation, Zhengzhou - Train, Zhengzhou - Taxi, Zhengzhou - Tram, Zhengzhou - College and Universities, Zhengzhou - Public, Zhengzhou - Private, Zhengzhou - Notable people, Zhengzhou - Friendship cities, Zhengzhou - International, Zhengzhou - Domestic Read more here: » Zhengzhou: Encyclopedia II - Zhengzhou - Tourism |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Umar - The death of Muhammad Muhammad died in Medina in 632 CE. `Umar is said to have threatened to kill anybody who said that Muhammad had died. He was calmed when Abū Bakr said,
"If anyone worshipped Muhammad, let them know that Muhammad is dead, but if anyone worshipped God, then let them know that God is living and cannot die."
Abū Bakr then recited these words from the Qur'ān: "Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. If, then, he dies o ...
See also:Umar, Umar - Early life, Umar - Conversion to Islam, Umar - Life in Medina, Umar - The death of Muhammad, Umar - Reign as caliph, Umar - Death, Umar - Sunni view, Umar - Shi'a view, Umar - Non-Muslim view, Umar - Farūqī Read more here: » Umar: Encyclopedia II - Umar - The death of Muhammad |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Umar - Life in Medina `Umar was part of the first emigration (Hijrah) to Yathrib (renamed Medīnat an-Nabī, or simply Medina shortly thereafter) in 622 C.E. He was present at the battles of Badr, Uhūd, Khaybar, and the raid on Syria, as well as many other engagements. He was one of Muhammad's close companions.
In 625, `Umar's daughter Hafsah was married to Muhammad. Muhammad's household was not always peaceful; his wives quarreled over his favors and took sides against each other. `Umar was much displeased when he heard this, and according to the story, ...
See also:Umar, Umar - Early life, Umar - Conversion to Islam, Umar - Life in Medina, Umar - The death of Muhammad, Umar - Reign as caliph, Umar - Death, Umar - Sunni view, Umar - Shi'a view, Umar - Non-Muslim view, Umar - Farūqī Read more here: » Umar: Encyclopedia II - Umar - Life in Medina |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia (景宗)
(武烈帝)
(李元昊)
Kāiyùn (開運) 1034
Guǎngpíng (廣平) 1035-1036
Dàqìng (大慶) 1036-1038
Tiānshòulǐfǎyánzuò (天授禮法延祚) 1038-1048
(毅宗)
(昭英帝)
(李諒祚)
Tiānyòuchuíshèng (天祐垂聖) 1050-1052
Fúshèngchéngdào (福聖承道) 1053-1056
Duǒdū (奲都) 1036-1038
Gǒnghuà (拱化) 1063-1067
(惠宗)
(康靖帝)
(李秉常)
Tiāncìlǐshèngguóqìng (天賜禮盛國慶) 1070-1074
Dà'ān (大安) 1075-1085
Tiān'ānlǐdìng (天安禮定) 1085-1 ...
See also:Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty Qiande (乾德 Qiándé) 963-968
Kaibao (開寶 Kāibǎo) 968-976
Yongxi (雍熙 Yōngxī) 984-987
Duangong (端拱 Duāngǒng) 988-989
Chunhua (淳化 Chúnhuà) 990-994
Zhidao (至道 Zhìdào) 995-997
Jingde (景德 Jǐngdé) 1004-1007
Dazhongxiangfu (大中祥符 Dàzhōngxiángfú) 1008-1016
Tianxi (天禧 Tiānxǐ) 1017-1021
Qianxing (乾興 Qiánxīng) 1022
Mingdao (明道 Míngdào) 1032-1033
Jingyou (景祐 Jǐngyòu) 1034-1038
Baoyuan (寶元 Bǎoyuán) 1038 ...
See also:Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty Tianzan (天贊 Tiānzàn) 922-926
Tianxian (天顯 Tiānxiǎn) 926
Huitong (會同 Huìtóng) 938-947
Datong (大同 Dàtóng) 947
Qianheng (乾亨 Qiánhēng) 979-982
Tonghe (統和 Tǒnghé) 983-1012
Kaitai (開泰 Kāitài) 1012-1021
Taiping (太平 Tàipíng) 1021-1031
Chongxi (重熙 Chóngxī) 1032-1055
Xianyong (咸雍 Xiányōng) 1065-1074
Taikang (太康 Tàikāng) or Dakang (大康 Dàkāng) 1075-1084
Da'an (大安 Dà'ān) 1085-1094
Shouchang (壽昌 Shòuchāng) or Shoulong (壽隆 Shòulóng) 1095-1101
Tianqing (天慶 Ti ...
See also:Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Qianhua (乾化 qian2 hua4) 911-912
Zhenming (貞明 zhen1 ming2) 915-921 Longde (龍德 long2 de2) 921-923
Changxing (長興 chang2 xing1) 930-933
Kaiyun (開運 kai1 yun4) 944-947
Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 948
Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 954
Baoda (寶大 bao3 da4) 923-925
Baozheng (寶正 bao3 zheng4) 925-932
Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 935
Wuyi (武義 wu3 yi4) 919-921
Qianzhen (乾貞 qian2 zhen1) 927-929
Dahe (大和 da4 he2) 929-935
Tianzuo (天祚 tian1 zuo4) 935-937 ...
See also:Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty Miao Hao
廟號
miàohào
Shi Hao
諡號
shìhào
姓名
xìngmíng
Reign
Nian Hao
年號
niánhào
and Years
太祖
完顏阿骨打
收國
1115-1116
Tiānfǔ
天輔
1117-1123
太宗
完顏吳乞買
or
Wányán (Shèng or Chéng)
完顏晟
天會
1123-1134
熙宗
完顏 ...
See also:Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1264-1294
Dade (大德 Dàdé) 1297-1307
Yanyou (延祐 Yányòu) 1314-1320
Zhihe (致和 Zhìhé) 1328
Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1330-1332
Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333-1335
Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1335-1340
Zhizheng (至正 Zhìzhèng) 1341-1368
Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1368-1370
Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333-1335
Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1335-1340
Zhizheng (至正 Zhìzh ...
See also:Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Umar - Conversion to Islam When Muhammad first declared his message of Islam, `Umar resolved to defend the traditional religion of the Quraish (regarded by Muslims as idolatry). `Umar was most adamant in opposing Muhammad and very prominent in persecuting the Muslims.
According to an early story, recounted in Ibn Ishaq's Sīrah, `Umar is said to have resolved to assassinate Muhammad. A Muslim he met on the way told him to set his own house in order ...
See also:Umar, Umar - Early life, Umar - Conversion to Islam, Umar - Life in Medina, Umar - The death of Muhammad, Umar - Reign as caliph, Umar - Death, Umar - Sunni view, Umar - Shi'a view, Umar - Non-Muslim view, Umar - Farūqī Read more here: » Umar: Encyclopedia II - Umar - Conversion to Islam |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Fireworks - Laws and politics
Fireworks - Safety of consumer fireworks.
Availability and use of consumer fireworks are hotly debated topics. Critics and safety advocates point to the numerous injuries and accidental fires that are attributed to fireworks as justification for banning or at least severely restricting access to fireworks. Complaints about excessive noise created by fireworks and the large amounts of debris and fallout left over after shooting are also used to support this position. There are numerous incidents of consumer fireworks being used in a manner that is extremely disrespectful of the comm ...
See also:Fireworks, Fireworks - History of fireworks, Fireworks - Fireworks events, Fireworks - Bonfire night in Britain, Fireworks - Independence Day in the United States, Fireworks - New Year's Eve, Fireworks - Deepavali 'Festival of Lights' in India, Fireworks - Lunar New Year in Hong Kong, Fireworks - Laws and politics, Fireworks - Safety of consumer fireworks, Fireworks - Safety of commercial fireworks, Fireworks - Pollution, Fireworks - Firework forums Read more here: » Fireworks: Encyclopedia II - Fireworks - Laws and politics |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty To see the Ming dynasty emperors on a separate page, check here.
(short form)
most commonly known
朱元璋
高帝
太祖
洪武
朱允炆
惠帝
建文
朱棣
文帝
Tàizōng, 太宗
永樂
朱高熾
昭帝
仁宗
洪熙
朱瞻基
章帝
宣宗
宣德
朱祁鎮
睿帝
英宗
1436-1449;
Tiānshùn, 天順
1457-1464
1457-14643
朱祁鈺
景帝
代宗
景泰
朱見深
純帝< ...
See also:Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty Xianqing (顯慶 xian3 qing4) 656-661
Longshuo (龍朔 long2 shuo4) 661-663
Linde (麟德 lin2 de2) 664-665
Qianfeng (乾封 qian2 feng1) 666-668
Zongzhang (總章 zong3 zhang1) 668-670
Xianheng (咸亨 xian2 heng1) 670-674
Shangyuan (上元 shang4 yuan2) 674-676
Yifeng (儀鳳 yi2 feng4) 676-679
Tiaolu (調露 tiao2 lu4) 679-680
Yonglong (永隆 yong3 long2) 680-681
Kaiyao (開耀 kai1 yao4) 681-682
Yongchun (永淳 yong3 chun2) 682-683
Hongdao (弘道 hong2 dao4) 683
Shenlong (神龍 shen2 long2) 705 ...
See also:Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - History of the world - Twentieth century The twentieth century saw the domination of the world by Europe wane, at least partly from the internal destruction of World War II, and the United States and the Soviet Union rise as superpowers. Following World War II, the United Nations was founded in the hopes that it could prevent conflicts among nations and make future wars impossible. After 1990 the Soviet Union collapsed and the United States became the sole superpower, te ...
See also:History of the world, History of the world - Hunter-Gatherers, History of the world - Agriculture, History of the world - State, History of the world - City and trade, History of the world - Bronze and Iron Ages, History of the world - The classical empires, History of the world - Age of kingdoms, History of the world - Rise of Europe, History of the world - Age of Discovery, History of the world - Twentieth century Read more here: » History of the world: Encyclopedia II - History of the world - Twentieth century |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Umar - Death `Umar died in 644, the victim of an assassin's dagger. `Umar's killer (Abū Lū`lū`ah) was a Persian slave who is said to held a personal grudge against Umar; he stabbed the Caliph six times as `Umar led prayers in the Masjid an-Nabawī mosque in Medina and then committed suicide.
`Umar died two days later, and was buried alongside Muhammad and Abū Bakr. `Uthmān ibn `Affān was elected as his successor, by a group of prominent Muslims appoin ...
See also:Umar, Umar - His early life, Umar - His conversion to Islam, Umar - `Umar in Medina, Umar - The death of Muhammad, Umar - `Umar's caliphate, Umar - Death, Umar - The Sunni view of `Umar, Umar - The Shi'a view of `Umar, Umar - Non-Muslim view of Umar, Umar - Farūqī Read more here: » Umar: Encyclopedia II - Umar - Death |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Umar - `Umar's caliphate During `Umar's reign, the Islamic empire grew at an unprecedented rate, taking Mesopotamia and parts of Persia from the Sāsānids (effectively ending that empire), and taking Egypt, Palestine, Syria, North Africa and Armenia from the Byzantines. Many of these conquests followed watershed battles on both the western and eastern fronts. The Battle of Yarmūk, fought near Damascus in 636, saw a Muslim army of 40,000 defeat a Byzantine force estimated to number 120,000, permanently ending Byzantine rule south of Asia Minor. Another small Muslim ...
See also:Umar, Umar - His early life, Umar - His conversion to Islam, Umar - `Umar in Medina, Umar - The death of Muhammad, Umar - `Umar's caliphate, Umar - Death, Umar - The Sunni view of `Umar, Umar - The Shi'a view of `Umar, Umar - Non-Muslim view of Umar, Umar - Farūqī Read more here: » Umar: Encyclopedia II - Umar - `Umar's caliphate |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Umar - The death of Muhammad Muhammad died in Medina in 632 CE. `Umar is said to have threatened to kill anybody who said that Muhammad had died. He was calmed when Abū Bakr said,
"If anyone worshipped Muhammad, let them know that Muhammad is dead, but if anyone worshipped God, then let them know that God is living and cannot die."
Abū Bakr then recited these words from the Qur'ān: "Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. If, then, he dies o ...
See also:Umar, Umar - His early life, Umar - His conversion to Islam, Umar - `Umar in Medina, Umar - The death of Muhammad, Umar - `Umar's caliphate, Umar - Death, Umar - The Sunni view of `Umar, Umar - The Shi'a view of `Umar, Umar - Non-Muslim view of Umar, Umar - Farūqī Read more here: » Umar: Encyclopedia II - Umar - The death of Muhammad |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Umar - `Umar in Medina `Umar was part of the first emigration (Hijrah) to Yathrib (renamed Medīnat an-Nabī, or simply Medina shortly thereafter) in 622 C.E. He was present at Badr, Uhūd, Khaybar, and the raid on Syria, as well as many other engagements. He was one of Muhammad's close companions.
In 625, `Umar's daughter Hafsah was married to Muhammad. Muhammad's household was not always peaceful; his wives quarreled over his favors and took sides against each other. `Umar was much displeased when he heard this, and according to the story, scolded her thu ...
See also:Umar, Umar - His early life, Umar - His conversion to Islam, Umar - `Umar in Medina, Umar - The death of Muhammad, Umar - `Umar's caliphate, Umar - Death, Umar - The Sunni view of `Umar, Umar - The Shi'a view of `Umar, Umar - Non-Muslim view of Umar, Umar - Farūqī Read more here: » Umar: Encyclopedia II - Umar - `Umar in Medina |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Umar - The Sunni view of `Umar Most Sunnis consider him a strong, wise, humble and competent ruler, the second rightly-guided Caliph. They consider him a sincere Muslim and a brave and fierce warrior. He did not seek advancement for his own family, but only to serve the Muslim community, the ummah. One hadith, or oral tradition, credited by Sunnis says at the time of his death he was asked if he would like to nominate his son `Abd-Allah ibn `Umar as caliph and h ...
See also:Umar, Umar - His early life, Umar - His conversion to Islam, Umar - `Umar in Medina, Umar - The death of Muhammad, Umar - `Umar's caliphate, Umar - Death, Umar - The Sunni view of `Umar, Umar - The Shi'a view of `Umar, Umar - Non-Muslim view of Umar, Umar - Farūqī Read more here: » Umar: Encyclopedia II - Umar - The Sunni view of `Umar |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Umar - Non-Muslim view of Umar Non-Muslim scholars generally treat Umar as a pivotal figure in the history of Islam, since it was under his aegis that the Muslims expanded outwards from the Syro-Arabian steppe and fought the great powers of the time, the Sassanid and Byzantine empires. They analyze his decisions primarily in military and political terms, and are less concerned with the religious or character judgments that interest Muslims.
He is often credited with many radical adminstrative norms the importance of which went beyond the Muslim World. He is believed to be the first ruler t ...
See also:Umar, Umar - His early life, Umar - His conversion to Islam, Umar - `Umar in Medina, Umar - The death of Muhammad, Umar - `Umar's caliphate, Umar - Death, Umar - The Sunni view of `Umar, Umar - The Shi'a view of `Umar, Umar - Non-Muslim view of Umar, Umar - Farūqī Read more here: » Umar: Encyclopedia II - Umar - Non-Muslim view of Umar |
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| | | | | 581: Encyclopedia II - Chongqing - Economy Located at the head of the reservoir behind the Three Gorges Dam, Chongqing is planned to be the beachhead for the development of the western part of the country. Massive public works are currently under way in the city, including overhead and surface commuter rail lines connecting the many districts of the city.
Fairly recently, with central government policies aimed at further developing Western China, Chongqing has become a "Gateway to the west". Foreign investment in the city is growing at a fast pace.
The GDP was 225.1 billion RMB (ca. 27 billion USD) and per capita was 9038 RMB (ca. 1090 USD) in 2003, rank ...
See also:Chongqing, Chongqing - History, Chongqing - Subdivisions, Chongqing - Geography, Chongqing - Economy, Chongqing - Climate, Chongqing - Astronomical phenomena, Chongqing - Landmarks, Chongqing - City tree, Chongqing - Colleges and Universities, Chongqing - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Chongqing: Encyclopedia II - Chongqing - Economy |
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