581 - Article Index

Encyclopedia - 581: Encyclopedia - 581
Events The Sui Dynasty replaces the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the last of the Northern Dynasties in China. First ruler of the Sui Dynasty i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anhui: Encyclopedia - Anhui
Anhui (Chinese: 安徽; Hanyu Pinyin: Ānhuī; Wade-Giles: An-hui; Postal System Pinyin: Ngan-hui, Anhwei or An-hwei) is a province of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chinese Pagodas: Encyclopedia - Chinese Pagodas
Chinese Pagodas (Chinese 塔, pinyin tǎ) are a traditional part of Chinese architecture, introduced from India along with Buddhism as pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uzès: Encyclopedia - Uzès
Uzès is a picturesque town and commune in the Gard département, Languedoc, France, located about 15 miles north-northeast of Nîmes. Po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia - Umar
Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Historical Capital Of China: Encyclopedia - Historical Capital Of China
The Chinese phrase Four Great Ancient Capitals of China (Traditional Chinese: 中國四大古都; Simplified Chinese: 中国四大古都;...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Smallpox: Encyclopedia - Smallpox
Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a highly contagious disease unique to humans. It is caused by two vir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fireworks: Encyclopedia - Fireworks
A fireworks event (also called a fireworks display or fireworks show) is a spectacular display of the effects produced by firework device...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia - Jiangsu
Jiangsu (Simplified: 江苏; Traditional: 江蘇; Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāngsū; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality: Encyclopedia - Homosexuality
Biological factors / Choice / Environment Demographics / History Gender role / Gender identity Human sexual behavior / Animal sexuality C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chongqing: Encyclopedia - Chongqing
Chongqing (Simplified: 重庆; Traditional: 重慶; Hanyu Pinyin: Chóngqìng; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-ch'ing; Postal System Pinyin: Chungking...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chinese Pagodas: Encyclopedia Ii - Chinese Pagodas - Construction Materials
Chinese pagodas - Wood. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties (~25-589) pagodas were mostly built of wood...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chongqing: Encyclopedia Ii - Chongqing - History
Chongqing is said to be the semi-mythical State of Ba that began in 11th century BC, when the Ba people began living here until they were...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fireworks: Encyclopedia Ii - Fireworks - Fireworks Events
Fireworks - Bonfire night in Britain. In 1605 Guy Fawkes and his fellow conspirators attempted to blow up the British Parliament with 3...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Hunter-gatherers
The earliest available evidence places the origin of modern Homo sapiens in Africa about 200,000 years ago during the Palaeolithic period...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - Early Life
`Umar was born in Mecca. He is said to have belonged to a middle class family. He was literate, which was uncommon in those times, and he...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Han Dynasty
Yuánguāng(元光) Yuánshuò (元朔) Yuánshòu (元狩) Yuándǐng (元鼎) Yuánfēng (元封) Tàichū (太初) Tiānhàn (天漢) ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anhui: Encyclopedia Ii - Anhui - History
The province of Anhui was formed in the 17th century. Before then, there was no coherent concept of "Anhui". Northern Anhui was firmly a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fireworks: Encyclopedia Ii - Fireworks - Fireworks Events
Fireworks - Bonfire night in Britain. In 1605 Guy Fawkes and his fellow conspirators attempted to blow up the British Parliament with 3...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - His Early Life
`Umar was born in Mecca. He is said to have belonged to a middle class family. He was literate, which was uncommon in those times, and he...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uzès: Encyclopedia Ii - Uzès - History
Originally Ucetia, Uzès was a small Gallo-Roman oppidum, or admnistrative settlement. The town lies at the source of the Eure, from wher...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Smallpox: Encyclopedia Ii - Smallpox - History
Smallpox - Eurasia. Several historical plagues are believed by some historians to have been early outbreaks of smallpox. But contempora...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zhengzhou: Encyclopedia Ii - Zhengzhou - History
The Shang Dynasty established Aodu (隞都) (see also: History of China). The pre-historical city had been long lost even before the time...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - History
The province of Jiangsu was formed in the 17th century. Before then, the northern and southern parts of Jiangsu had little to do with eac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uzès: Encyclopedia Ii - Uzès - History
Originally Ucetia, Uzès was a small Gallo-Roman oppidum, or admnistrative settlement. The town lies at the source of the Eure, from wher...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality - Academic Study
The manifestation of sexual orientation is subject to a considerable variability. Thus it is common for homosexual individuals in heteron...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Patriarchate Of Carthage: Encyclopedia Ii - Patriarchate Of Carthage - Bishops And Archbishops Of Carthage Tunis
unknown Thomas (c. 1053) Cyriacus (c. 1076) unknown ... See also:Patriarchate of Carthage, Patriarchate of Carthage - Bishops and Arc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Historical Pederastic Couples: Encyclopedia Ii - Historical Pederastic Couples - Known Or Presumed Pederastic Couples
In the following list the couples are listed in chronological order, and the name of the older partner precedes that of the younger. Thou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uzès: Encyclopedia Ii - Uzès - Miscellaneous
Uzès - Births. Uzès was the birthplace of: Firmin Abauzit (1679-1767), scholar who worked on physics, theology and philosophy Vice-A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Northern And Southern Dynasties
Huangshi (皇始 huang2 shi3) 396-398 Tianxing (天興 tian1 xing1) 398-404 Tianci (天賜 tian1 ci4) 404-409 Shenrui (神瑞 shen2 rui4)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period
Qinglong (青龍 qing1 long2) 233-237 Jingchu (景初 jing3 chu1) 237-239 Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 249-254 Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 256...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period
Yongfeng (永鳳 yong3 feng4) 308-309 Herui (河瑞 he2 rui4) 309-310 Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 311-315 Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 3...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fireworks: Encyclopedia Ii - Fireworks - History Of Fireworks
In the Chinese Han Dynasty (206 BC–AD 220) firecrackers were made by roasting bamboo to produce the loud sound (known as "bian pao") th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - Non-muslim View
Non-Muslim scholars generally treat Umar as a pivotal figure in the history of Islam, since it was under his aegis that the Muslims expan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - Sunni View
Most Sunnis remember Umar as a strong leader, an excellent jurist, a progressive statesman, and the second of the rightly-guided Caliphs....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - Death
`Umar died in 644, the victim of an assassin's dagger. `Umar's killer (Abū Lū`lū`ah) was a Persian slave who is said to held a persona...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - Reign As Caliph
During `Umar's reign, the Islamic empire grew at an unprecedented rate, taking Mesopotamia and parts of Persia from the Sāsānids (effec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Smallpox: Encyclopedia Ii - Smallpox - Infection
Transmission is by prolonged face-to-face contact[citation needed], direct contact with infected body fluids or contaminated objects, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zhengzhou: Encyclopedia Ii - Zhengzhou - Economy
The GDP per capita was ¥19,415 per capita in 2004. Zhengzhou - Agriculture. Zhengzhou has a rural population of 3.97 million. Its main...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zhengzhou: Encyclopedia Ii - Zhengzhou - Friendship Cities
Zhengzhou - International. Richmond, Virginia, Virginia, USA Jinju, South Korea Samara, Russia Cluj-Napoca, Romania Irbid, Jordan Zh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zhengzhou: Encyclopedia Ii - Zhengzhou - College And Universities
Zhengzhou - Public. Henan Agricultural University (河南农业大学) (founded 1913) Zhengzhou University (郑州大学) Zhengzhou In...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zhengzhou: Encyclopedia Ii - Zhengzhou - Transportation
Zhengzhou - Train. Zhengzhou is a major railway junction between the Long-hai railway (east-west) and the Jing-guang railway (north-sou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zhengzhou: Encyclopedia Ii - Zhengzhou - Tourism
Zhengzhou is a dusty, flat industrial city set amid the farmland of central China. As the city has few scenic attractions, most traveller...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - The Death Of Muhammad
Muhammad died in Medina in 632 CE. `Umar is said to have threatened to kill anybody who said that Muhammad had died. He was calmed when A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - Life In Medina
`Umar was part of the first emigration (Hijrah) to Yathrib (renamed Medīnat an-Nabī, or simply Medina shortly thereafter) in 622 C.E. H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Western Xia
(景宗) (武烈帝) (李元昊) Kāiyùn (開運) 1034 Guǎngpíng (廣平) 1035-1036 Dàqìng (大慶) 1036-1038 Tiānshòulǐfǎyánzu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Song Dynasty
Qiande (乾德 Qiándé) 963-968 Kaibao (開寶 Kāibǎo) 968-976 Yongxi (雍熙 Yōngxī) 984-987 Duangong (端拱 Duāngǒng) 988-989 C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Liao Dynasty
Tianzan (天贊 Tiānzàn) 922-926 Tianxian (天顯 Tiānxiǎn) 926 Huitong (會同 Huìtóng) 938-947 Datong (大同 Dàtóng) 947 Qianh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Five Dynasties And Ten Kingdoms
Qianhua (乾化 qian2 hua4) 911-912 Zhenming (貞明 zhen1 ming2) 915-921 Longde (龍德 long2 de2) 921-923 Changxing (長興 chang2 xing...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Jin Dynasty
Miao Hao 廟號 miàohào Shi Hao 諡號 shìhào   姓名 xìngmíng Reign Nian Hao 年號 niánhào and Years 太祖 完顏阿骨�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Yuan Dynasty
Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1264-1294 Dade (大德 Dàdé) 1297-1307 Yanyou (延祐 Yányòu) 1314-1320 Zhihe (致和 Zhìhé) 1328 Zhishu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - Conversion To Islam
When Muhammad first declared his message of Islam, `Umar resolved to defend the traditional religion of the Quraish (regarded by Muslims ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fireworks: Encyclopedia Ii - Fireworks - Laws And Politics
Fireworks - Safety of consumer fireworks. Availability and use of consumer fireworks are hotly debated topics. Critics and safety advoc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Ming Dynasty
To see the Ming dynasty emperors on a separate page, check here. (short form) most commonly known 朱元璋 高帝 太祖 洪武 朱允�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Tang Dynasty
Xianqing (顯慶 xian3 qing4) 656-661 Longshuo (龍朔 long2 shuo4) 661-663 Linde (麟德 lin2 de2) 664-665 Qianfeng (乾封 qian2 feng1)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Twentieth Century
The twentieth century saw the domination of the world by Europe wane, at least partly from the internal destruction of World War II, and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - Death
`Umar died in 644, the victim of an assassin's dagger. `Umar's killer (Abū Lū`lū`ah) was a Persian slave who is said to held a persona...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - `umar's Caliphate
During `Umar's reign, the Islamic empire grew at an unprecedented rate, taking Mesopotamia and parts of Persia from the Sāsānids (effec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - The Death Of Muhammad
Muhammad died in Medina in 632 CE. `Umar is said to have threatened to kill anybody who said that Muhammad had died. He was calmed when A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - `umar In Medina
`Umar was part of the first emigration (Hijrah) to Yathrib (renamed Medīnat an-Nabī, or simply Medina shortly thereafter) in 622 C.E. H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - The Sunni View Of `umar
Most Sunnis consider him a strong, wise, humble and competent ruler, the second rightly-guided Caliph. They consider him a sincere Muslim...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - Non-muslim View Of Umar
Non-Muslim scholars generally treat Umar as a pivotal figure in the history of Islam, since it was under his aegis that the Muslims expan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chongqing: Encyclopedia Ii - Chongqing - Economy
Located at the head of the reservoir behind the Three Gorges Dam, Chongqing is planned to be the beachhead for the development of the wes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chongqing: Encyclopedia Ii - Chongqing - Geography
Located on the edge of the Yungui Plateau, Chongqing is intersected by the Jialing River and the upper reaches of the Yangtze. It contain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chongqing: Encyclopedia Ii - Chongqing - Subdivisions
The municipality is divided in to 40 county-level subdivisions (3 were abolished since 1997): 15 districts, 4 county-level cities, and 21...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Umar: Encyclopedia Ii - Umar - His Conversion To Islam
When Muhammad first declared his message of Islam, `Umar resolved to defend the traditional religion of the Quraish (regarded by Muslims ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - Economy
Jiangsu has an extensive irrigation system supporting its agriculture, which is based primarily on rice and wheat, followed by maize and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - Administrative Divisions
Jiangsu is divided into 13 prefecture-level divisions, all of them prefecture-level cities: Nanjing (Simplified Chinese: 南京市, Hany...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - Geography
Jiangsu is very flat and low-lying, with plains covering 68 percent of its total area (water covers another 18 percent), and most of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - Demographics
The majority of Jiangsu residents are ethnic Han Chinese. Other minorities include the Hui and the Manchus. Demographic indicators in 200...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - Culture
There are wide disparities in culture in Jiangsu. North Jiangsu is closer to Shandong and Henan provinces in culture while south Jiangsu ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Smallpox: Encyclopedia Ii - Smallpox - Infection
Transmission is by prolonged face-to-face contact, direct contact with infected body fluids or contaminated objects, and rarely, by a vir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chongqing: Encyclopedia Ii - Chongqing - Climate
The climate is semi-tropical, with the two-season monsoonal variations typical of south asia. During World War II the frequent dense fogs...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anhui: Encyclopedia Ii - Anhui - Geography
Anhui is quite diverse topographically. The north of the province is part of the North China Plain while the north-central areas are part...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Age Of Discovery
In the fourteenth century the Renaissance began in Europe. Some modern scholars have questioned whether this flowering of art and humanis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Rise Of Europe
The second half of the second millennium was dominated by the expansion of European power around the world. Why Europe, which had been a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Age Of Kingdoms
Throughout the temperate zones of Eurasia, America, and North Africa, large empires continued to rise and fall. The gradual breakup of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - The Classical Empires
By the last centuries BCE the Mediterranean, the Ganges and the Yellow River became the seats of empires which future rulers would strive...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Patriarchate Of Carthage: Encyclopedia Ii - Patriarchate Of Carthage - Restored Catholic Bishops And Archbishops Of Carthage Tunis
Patriarchate of Carthage - Apostolic Vicar of Tunis c. 1650-1884. Jean le Vacher (1650-1683), from 1668 also Apostolic Vicar of Algier...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality - Etymology And Usage
The word homosexual translates literally as "same-sex," being a hybrid of the Greek prefix homo- meaning "same" and the Latin root sex- m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality - Art And Literature
One of the main ways in which the record of same-sex love has been preserved is through literature and art. Homoerotic sensibilities are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality - Societal Attitudes
Societal attitudes towards same-sex relationships, reflected in the attitude of the general population, the state and the church, have va...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Bronze And Iron Ages
Agricultural settlements had until this time been almost completely dependent on stone tools. In Eurasia, copper and bronze tools, decora...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - City And Trade
Agriculture also created, and allowed for the storage of, food surpluses that could support people not directly involved in food producti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anhui: Encyclopedia Ii - Anhui - Culture
Anhui spans many geographical and cultural regions. The northern, flatter parts of the province, along the river Huai He and further nort...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anhui: Encyclopedia Ii - Anhui - Economy
Agriculture in Anhui varies according to the climate zones that the province crosses. North of the Huai He river wheat and sweet potatoes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anhui: Encyclopedia Ii - Anhui - Administrative Divisions
Anhui is divided into 17 prefecture-level divisions, all of them prefecture-level cities: Hefei (Simplified Chinese: 合肥市, Hanyu Pi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - State
Agriculture led to several major changes. It allowed far larger population densities, which organized themselves into states. There are s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Agriculture
A major change, described by the great prehistorian Vere Gordon Childe as a "revolution," occurred around the 9th millennium BCE with the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Historical Pederastic Couples: Encyclopedia Ii - Historical Pederastic Couples - Problematics Of The Pederastic Record
In the premodern and modern west their equivocal status has made pederastic relationships hard to document, since it was in the interest ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality - Historical And Geographical Practices
Sexual customs have varied greatly over time and from one region to another. These, as well as the orientation of particular pre-contempo...   » Read the article