4th millennium BC

(5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC - other millennia) 4th millennium BC - Events. Sumerian city of Ur in Mesopotamia (40th century BC); Sumerian hegemony in Mesopotamia, with the invention of writing, base-60 mathematics, astronomy and astrology, civil law, complex hydrology, the sailboat, the wheel, and the potter's wheel, 4000–2000 BCE. Naqada culture on the Nile, 4000–3000 BC. Epoch of the modern Hebrew Calendar occurred on 7 October 3761 BC. < ...

Including:

• 4th millennium BC - Events
• 4th millennium BC - Cultures
• 4th millennium BC - Environmental changes
• 4th millennium BC - Significant persons
• 4th millennium BC - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 4th millennium BC - Centuries
• 4th millennium BC - External references

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By 4000 BC human, animal, and other designs on pottery become more realistic [23]. Tomb-building appears in the Gerzean culture, including underground rooms with furniture and amulets [24]. Gerzean practices would later evolve into the Osiris cult of ancient Egypt [25]. Symbols on Gerzean pottery resemble traditional hieroglyph writing [26]. By the beginning of the 4th millennium BC, ancient Egyptians in Maadi were importing numerous items of pottery from south Naqada and Canaan [27]. The economy of Maadi seems to have centered on met ...

See also:

Predynastic Egypt, Predynastic Egypt - Late Neolithic, Predynastic Egypt - Late Lower Paleolithic, Predynastic Egypt - 6th millennium BC, Predynastic Egypt - 5th millennium BC, Predynastic Egypt - 4th millennium BC, Predynastic Egypt - Timeline

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4th millennium BC - Environmental changes. Based on studies by glaciologist Lonnie Thompson (professor at Ohio State University and researcher with the Byrd Polar Research Center) [1] a number of indicators shows there were a global change in climate 5,200 years ago: The climate was altered suddenly with severe impacts. Plants buried in the Quelccaya ice cap in the Peruvian Andes demonstrate the climate had shifted suddenly and severely to capture the plants and preserve them until now. ...

See also:

4th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC - Events, 4th millennium BC - Cultures, 4th millennium BC - Environmental changes, 4th millennium BC - Significant persons, 4th millennium BC - Inventions discoveries introductions, 4th millennium BC - Centuries, 4th millennium BC - External references

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Alabaster (sometimes called satin spar) is a name applied to varieties of two distinct minerals: gypsum (a hydrous sulfate of calcium) and the calcite (a carbonate of calcium). The former is the alabaster of the present day; the latter is generally the alabaster of the ancients. The two kinds are readily distinguished from each other by their relative hardnesses. The gypsum kind is so soft as to be readily scratched by a finger-nail (hardness 1.5 to 2), while the calcite kind is too hard to be scratched in this wa ...

Including:

• Alabaster - Calcite Alabaster
• Alabaster - Gypsum Alabaster

Read more here: » Alabaster: Encyclopedia - Alabaster

(33rd century BC - 32nd century BC - 31st century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) 32nd century BC - Events. Ancient Egypt: Earliest known Egyptian hieroglyphs, beginning of the Early Dynastic Period. Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization Neolithic settlement built at Skara Brae in the Orkney Islands, Scotland New Stone Age people in Ireland build the 250,000 ton (226,796.2 tonne) Newgrange solar oriented pa ...

Including:

• 32nd century BC - Events
• 32nd century BC - Significant persons
• 32nd century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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(27th century BC - 26th century BC - 25th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) 26th century BC - Events. 2900 - 2334 BC – Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period. 2580 BC – Estimated date of completion of the Great Pyramid of Giza. 2500 BC – The legendary line of Sanhuangwudi rulers of China is founded by Huang Di (approximate date). 4000 BC – approximate beginning of New Stone Age (Neo ...

Including:

• 26th century BC - Events
• 26th century BC - Significant persons
• 26th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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(29th century BC - 28th century BC - 27th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) 28th century BC - Events. 2775 - 2650 BC - Second Dynasty wars in Egypt 2750 BC - End of the Early Dynastic I Period, and the beginning of the Early Dynastic II Period in Mesopotamia. 28th century BC - Significant persons. Fu Hsi, legendary ruler of China (traditional dates: 2852 BC-2738 BC)Including:

• 28th century BC - Events
• 28th century BC - Significant persons
• 28th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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(30th century BC - 29th century BC - 28th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) 29th century BC - Events. 2890 BC—Egypt: Pharaoh Qa'a died. End of First Dynasty, start of Second Dynasty. Pharaoh Hotepsekhemwy started to rule. 2900–2334 BC—Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period 29th century BC - Significant persons. Fu Hsi, legendary ruler of China (tradition ...

Including:

• 29th century BC - Events
• 29th century BC - Significant persons
• 29th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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(31st century BC - 30th century BC - 29th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) 30th century BC - Events. 3000 BC - Djer, second pharaoh of Egypt, started to reign. 2999 BC - Djer, second pharaoh of Egypt, died. 2925 - 2776 BC - First Dynasty wars in Egypt ca. 2920 BC - Djet, third pharaoh of Egypt. 2900 BC - Beginning of the Early Dynastic Period I in Mesopotamia.

Including:

• 30th century BC - Events
• 30th century BC - Significant persons
• 30th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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(32nd century BC – 31st century BC – 30th century BC – other centuries) (5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC) 31st century BC - Events. ca. 3100 BC - Menes, pharaoh, was born. ca. 3100 BC - First stage in the construction of Stonehenge, south of actual England. ca. 3050 BC - Menes, pharaoh, was born (another lists). 3000 BC – Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt, and a new capital is erected at Memphis. 3000 BC ...

Including:

• 31st century BC - Events
• 31st century BC - Significant persons
• 31st century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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(28th century BC - 27th century BC - 26th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) 27th century BC - Events. 2900 - 2334 BC -- Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period 2775 - 2650 BC -- Second Dynasty wars in Egypt Germination of the Bristlecone pine tree "Methuselah" about 2700 BC, the oldest tree still living now 2697 BC -- According to Chinese tradition, in this year Huangdi (the Yellow Emperor) ...

Including:

• 27th century BC - Events
• 27th century BC - Significant persons
• 27th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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(25th century BC - 24th century BC - 23rd century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) 24th century BC - Events. 2900–2334 BC -- Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period. 2350 BC --- End of the Early Dynastic IIIb Period in Mesopotamia. 2350 BC -- First destruction of the city of Mari. 2349 BC --- According to James Ussher, this was the year that Noah entered the Ark. 2334–2279 BC -- Sargon of Akka ...

Including:

• 24th century BC - Events
• 24th century BC - Significant persons
• 24th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

Read more here: » 24th century BC: Encyclopedia - 24th century BC

Santorini (Greek Σαντορίνη) is a small, circular group of volcanic islands located in the Aegean Sea, about 200 km south-east from the mainland of Greece (latitude: 36.40°N - longitude: 25.40°E). It is also known by the name of the largest island in the archipelago, Thira or Thera (Θήρα; see also List of traditional Greek place names). It is the southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands, with an area of approximately 73 km² (28 sq mi), and in 2001 had an estimated population of 13,600. The inh ...

Including:

• Santorini - Minoan Akrotiri
• Santorini - Ancient volcanic eruption
• Santorini - Physical effects of the eruption
• Santorini - Dating the volcanic eruption
• Santorini - Size of the eruption
• Santorini - Chinese records
• Santorini - Egyptian records
• Santorini - Association with Atlantis
• Santorini - Greek Byzantine and Ottoman Santorini
• Santorini - Modern Santorini

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Shruti Vedas Rig Veda Sama Veda Yajur Veda Atharva Veda Brahmanas Aranyakas Upanishads Smriti Itihāsas Mahābhārata Bhagavad Gītā Ramayana Puranas (List) Tantras Sutras (List) Stotras Ashtavakra Gita Git ...

Including:

• Rigveda - Text
• Rigveda - Books
• Rigveda - Translations
• Rigveda - Internal evidence
• Rigveda - Hindu tradition
• Rigveda - More recent Indian views
• Rigveda - Editions
• Rigveda - Translations
• Rigveda - Bibliography

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Genesis (Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of "birth", "creation", "cause", "beginning", "source" and "origin"), also called The First Book of Moses, is the first book of Torah (five books of Moses), and is the first book of the Tanakh, part of the Hebrew Bible; it is also the first book of the Christian Old Testament. In Hebrew, it is called בראשית (Bereshit or Bərêšîth, Hebrew word #7225 in Strong's), after the first word of the text in Hebrew (meaning "in the beginning of"). This is in ...

Including:

• Genesis - Introduction
• Genesis - Authorship
• Genesis - Historical placement of its content
• Genesis - Christian views
• Genesis - Main themes
• Genesis - Summary
• Genesis - Creation
• Genesis - Adam and Eve
• Genesis - Noah and the great flood
• Genesis - Abram and Sarai
• Genesis - Abram and Melchizedek
• Genesis - Hagar and Ishmael
• Genesis - Sodom and Gomorrah
• Genesis - The birth of Isaac
• Genesis - The near sacrifice of Isaac
• Genesis - Esau and Jacob
• Genesis - Jacob wrestles with God
• Genesis - Joseph the dreamer

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Writing may refer to two activities: the inscribing of characters on a medium, with the intention of forming words and other constructs that represent language or record information, and the creation of material to be conveyed through written language. (There are some exceptions; for example, the use of a typewriter to record language is generally called typing, rather than writing.) Writing refers to both activities equally, and both activities may often occur simultaneously. Writing - Methods for recordin ...

Including:

• Writing - Methods for recording information
• Writing - Tools
• Writing - Writing in Historical Cultures
• Writing - Mesopotamia
• Writing - Egypt
• Writing - Phoenician writing system and descendents
• Writing - China
• Writing - Indus Valley
• Writing - Elsewhere
• Writing - Creation of text or information
• Writing - Creativity
• Writing - Author
• Writing - Critiques

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(22nd century BC - 21st century BC - 20th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) 21st century BC - Events. 2130 BC – 2080 BC — Ninth Dynasty wars in Egypt. 2112 BC – 2095 BC — Sumerian campaigns of Ur-Nammu. 2091 BC — beginning of the mythological Patriarchal Age is traditionally set in this year. 2071 BC — Magh Ithe, first recorded battle in Ireland myths. 2070 BC* — X ...

Including:

• 21st century BC - Events
• 21st century BC - Significant persons
• 21st century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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(34th century BC - 33rd century BC - 32nd century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) 33rd century BC - Events. Unification of the first Ancient Egyptian state, marking the beginning of the Ancient Egyptian civilization. Ancient Egypt begin using clay, bone & ivory tags to label boxes. This is possibly the oldest writing in existence. Major climate shift possibly due to shift in solar activity. Glaciers expand, c ...

Including:

• 33rd century BC - Events
• 33rd century BC - Significant persons
• 33rd century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

Read more here: » 33rd century BC: Encyclopedia - 33rd century BC

(24th century BC - 23rd century BC - 22nd century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) 23rd century BC - Events. 2334 - 2279 BC (short chronology) Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Mesopotamia. c. 2285 BC - Enheduanna, high priestess of the moon god Nanna in Ur, was born. 2250 BC - Enheduanna, high priestess of the moon god Nanna in Ur, died. 2217 - 2193 BC - Nomadic invasions of Akkad. ca. 2202 BC -- La ...

Including:

• 23rd century BC - Events
• 23rd century BC - Significant persons
• 23rd century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

Read more here: » 23rd century BC: Encyclopedia - 23rd century BC

(23rd century BC - 22nd century BC - 21st century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) 22nd century BC - Events. 2217 BC–2193 BC — Nomadic invasions of Akkad. 2181 BC — Egypt: Pharaoh Nitocris died. End of Sixth Dynasty, start of Seventh Dynasty. Pharaoh Neferkara I started to reign. 2173 BC -- Egypt: End of Seventh Dynasty, start of Eighth Dynasty. 2160 BC -- Egypt: Pharaoh Neferirkara died. End of Eig ...

Including:

• 22nd century BC - Events
• 22nd century BC - Significant persons
• 22nd century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

Read more here: » 22nd century BC: Encyclopedia - 22nd century BC