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499 BC | A Wisdom Archive on 499 BC | | 499 BC A selection of articles related to 499 BC | |
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499 BC
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 499 BC | | | |  499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - DemographicsGreek and Turkish Cypriots share many customs but maintain their ethnicity based on religion, language, and close ties with their respective motherlands.
The major part of Greek Cypriots are Eastern Orthodox Christians, whereas Turkish Cypriots are Muslims.
Greek is the predominant language in the south, Turkish in the north. This delineation is only reflective of the post-1974 division of the island, which involved an expulsion of Greek Cypriots from the north and the analoguous move of Turkish Cypriots from the south. Historic ...
See also:Cyprus, Cyprus - Terminology, Cyprus - History, Cyprus - Prehistoric and Ancient Cyprus, Cyprus - Post-Classical and Modern Cyprus, Cyprus - Geography, Cyprus - Districts, Cyprus - Politics, Cyprus - Political division, Cyprus - Exclaves and enclaves, Cyprus - Reunification the Annan Plan and EU entry, Cyprus - Economy, Cyprus - Demographics, Cyprus - Education, Cyprus - Personalities, Cyprus - Educational Institutes, Cyprus - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Demographics |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Persian Wars - Xerxes' invasion In 480, Darius' successor Xerxes I mounted a massive expedition, consisting of perhaps 60,000-120,000 soldiers and 1,000 ships, although a 1,000,000 man army or greater army is said by some Greeks to have invaded, but this is most likely an exaggeration. Additionally, a fleet of "1000" ships is interpreted as a gross exaggeration as well and seems to be derived more from mythology (see Iliad) than from an actual account of the Persian fleet. A preliminary diplomatic offensive secured the surrender of Thessaly, Delphi, Argos, and much of cent ...
See also:Greco-Persian Wars, Greco-Persian Wars - Origins, Greco-Persian Wars - Darius' invasion, Greco-Persian Wars - Xerxes' invasion, Greco-Persian Wars - The Greek counterattack Read more here: » Greco-Persian Wars: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Persian Wars - Xerxes' invasion |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Persian Wars - The Greek counterattack Encouraged by Xerxes' failures, the Greeks of Asias and the islands revolted again. In 478, a fleet under Pausanias captured Byzantium and started a rebellion in Cyprus. At this point the Peloponnesians withdrew from involvement (apparently due to various disputes), but Athens carried on, forming the Delian League in 478 BC. The records become scanty, but Cimon destroyed a Persian army and fleet around 467 near river Eurymedon in Asia Minor. About 459 Athens sent 200 ships in support of a revolt in Egypt, although after driving the Persians ...
See also:Greco-Persian Wars, Greco-Persian Wars - Origins, Greco-Persian Wars - Darius' invasion, Greco-Persian Wars - Xerxes' invasion, Greco-Persian Wars - The Greek counterattack Read more here: » Greco-Persian Wars: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Persian Wars - The Greek counterattack |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War In 431 BC war broke out again between Athens and Sparta and its allies. The immediate cause was a dispute between Corinth and one of its colonies, Corcyra (modern-day Corfu), in which Athens intervened. The obvious cause was the growing resentment of Sparta and its allies at the dominance of Athens over Greek affairs. The war lasted 27 years, partly because Athens (a naval power) and Sparta (a land-based military power) found it difficult to come to grips with each other.
Sparta's initial strategy was to invade Attica, but the Athenia ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ionian Revolt - The Ionian Revolt With the failure of his attempt to intervene in Naxos, Aristagoras found himself in dire straits: unable to repay Artaphernes, he had alienated the Persian government and placed himself in imminent danger. In a desperate attempt to save himself, Aristagoras chose to incite his own subjects, the Ionian Greeks, to revolt against their Persian masters. He was also aided by his father-in-law Histiaeus, the former ...
See also:Ionian Revolt, Ionian Revolt - The Revolt of Naxos, Ionian Revolt - The Ionian Revolt, Ionian Revolt - The Sack of Sardis, Ionian Revolt - The Revolt Spreads, Ionian Revolt - The End of the Revolt Read more here: » Ionian Revolt: Encyclopedia II - Ionian Revolt - The Ionian Revolt |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Terminology The name Cyprus has a somewhat uncertain etymology. One suggestion is that it comes from the Greek word "κυπάρισσος (kypa'rissos)" meaning "cypress tree" or even from the Greek name of the plant Lawsonia alba (henna), "κύπρος (kypros)". Another school suggests that it stems from the eterocyprian word for copper. Dossin, for example, suggests that it has roots to the Sumerian word for copper, "zubar" or even the word "kubar" (bronze), due to the large deposits of copper ore found on the island. Through ...
See also:Cyprus, Cyprus - Terminology, Cyprus - History, Cyprus - Prehistoric and Ancient Cyprus, Cyprus - Post-Classical and Modern Cyprus, Cyprus - Geography, Cyprus - Districts, Cyprus - Politics, Cyprus - Political division, Cyprus - Exclaves and enclaves, Cyprus - Reunification the Annan Plan and EU entry, Cyprus - Economy, Cyprus - Demographics, Cyprus - Education, Cyprus - Personalities, Cyprus - Educational Institutes, Cyprus - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Terminology |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens The Persian Wars ushered in a century of Athenian dominance of Greek affairs. Athens was the unchallenged master of the sea, and also the leading commercial power, although Corinth remained a serious rival. The leading statesman of this time was Pericles, who used the tribute paid by the members of the Delian League to build the Parthenon and other great monuments of classical Athens. By the mid 5th century the League had become an Athenian Empire, symbolised by the transfer of th ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance The end of the Peloponnesian War left Sparta the master of Greece, but the narrow outlook of the Spartan warrior elite did not suit them to this role. Within a few years the democratic party regained power in Athens and other cities. In 395 BC the Spartan rulers removed Lysander from office, and Sparta lost her naval supremacy. Athens, Argos, Thebes, and Corinth, the latter two formerly Spartan allies, challenged Spartan dominance in the Corinthian War, which ended inconclusively in 387 BC. That same year Sparta shocked Greek opinion by conc ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict The Greek cities were originally monarchies, although many of them were very small and the term "King" (basileus) for their rulers is misleadingly grand. In a country always short of farmland, power rested with a small class of landowners, who formed a warrior aristocracy fighting frequent petty inter-city wars over land and rapidly ousting the monarchy. About this time the rise of a mercantile class (shown by the introduction of coinage in about 680 BC) introduced class conflict into the larger cities. From 650 BC onwards, the aristo ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Aegina - Antiquities The archaeological interest of Aegina is centred in the well-known temple on the ridge near the northern corner of the island. Excavations were made on its site in 1811 by Baron Haller von Hallerstein and the English architect C. R. Cockerell, who discovered a considerable number of the sculptures from the pediment, which was bought in 1812 by the crown prince Louis of Bavaria; the groups were set up in the Glyptothek at Munich after the figures had been restored by Bertel Thorvaldsen. His restoration was somewhat drastic, the ancient parts being cut away to allow of additions in marble, and the new parts treated i ...
See also:Aegina, Aegina - Antiquities, Aegina - Ancient History, Aegina - Modern History, Aegina - Communities and villages, Aegina - Historical population, Aegina - Daughter of Asopus Read more here: » Aegina: Encyclopedia II - Aegina - Antiquities |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - Origins The Greeks are believed to have migrated southward into the Balkan peninsula in several waves beginning in the late 3rd millennium BC, the last being the Dorian invasion. The period from 1600 BC to about 1100 BC is described in History of Mycenaean Greece known for the reign of King Agamemnon and the wars against Troy as narrated in the epics of Homer. The period from 1100 BC to the 8th century BC is a "dark age" from which no primary texts survive, and only scant archaeological evidence remains. Secondary and tertiary texts such as Herodotu ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - Origins |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas In the 8th century BC Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the Mycenaean civilization. Literacy had been lost and the Mycenaean script forgotten, but the Greeks adapted the Phoenician alphabet to Greek and from about 800 BC written records begin to appear. Greece was divided into many small self-governing communities, a pattern dictated by Greek geography, where every island, valley and plain is cut ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon The Kingdom of Macedon was formed in the 7th century BC out of northern Greek tribes. They played little part in Greek politics before the beginning of the 4th century, but Philip was an ambitious man who had been educated in Thebes and wanted to play a larger role. In particular, he wanted to be accepted as the new leader of Greece in recovering the freedom of the Greek cities of Asia from Persian rule. By seizing the Greek cities of Amphipolis, Methone and Potidaea, he gained control of the gold and silver mines of Macedonia. ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander Philip was succeeded by his 20-year-old son Alexander, who immediately set out to carry out his father's plans. He travelled to Corinth where the assembled Greek cities recognised him as leader of the Greeks, then set off north to assemble his forces. The army with which he invaded the Persian Empire was basically Macedonian, but many idealists from the Greek cities also enlisted. But while Alexander was campaigning in Thrace, he heard that the Greek cities had rebelled. He swept south again, captured Thebes, and razed the city to the ground as a warning to ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Politics After independence Cyprus became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement despite all three guarantor powers (Greece, Turkey and the UK) being NATO members. Cyprus left the Non-Aligned Movement in 2004 to join the EU.
The 1960 Cypriot Constitution provided for a presidential system of government with independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches, as well as a complex system of checks and balances, including a weighted power-sharing ratio designed to protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriots. The executive, for exa ...
See also:Cyprus, Cyprus - Terminology, Cyprus - History, Cyprus - Prehistoric and Ancient Cyprus, Cyprus - Post-Classical and Modern Cyprus, Cyprus - Geography, Cyprus - Districts, Cyprus - Politics, Cyprus - Political division, Cyprus - Exclaves and enclaves, Cyprus - Reunification the Annan Plan and EU entry, Cyprus - Economy, Cyprus - Demographics, Cyprus - Education, Cyprus - Personalities, Cyprus - Educational Institutes, Cyprus - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Politics |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Economy Economic affairs in Cyprus are dominated by the division of the country due to the Turkish occupation of the north part of the island.
The Cypriot economy is prosperous and has diversified in recent years. Cyprus has been sought as a basis for several offshore businesses, due to its highly developed infrastructure. Economic policy of the Cyprus government has focused on meeting the criteria for admission to the European Union.
Recently, oil has been discovered in the sea South of Cyprus (between Cyprus and Egypt) and talks are ...
See also:Cyprus, Cyprus - Terminology, Cyprus - History, Cyprus - Prehistoric and Ancient Cyprus, Cyprus - Post-Classical and Modern Cyprus, Cyprus - Geography, Cyprus - Districts, Cyprus - Politics, Cyprus - Political division, Cyprus - Exclaves and enclaves, Cyprus - Reunification the Annan Plan and EU entry, Cyprus - Economy, Cyprus - Demographics, Cyprus - Education, Cyprus - Personalities, Cyprus - Educational Institutes, Cyprus - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Economy |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Demographics Greek and Turkish Cypriots share many customs but maintain their ethnicity based on religion, language, and close ties with their respective motherlands.
The major part of Greek Cypriots are Eastern Orthodox Christians, whereas Turkish Cypriots are Muslims.
Greek is the predominant language in the south, Turkish in the north. This delineation is only reflective of the post-1974 division of the island, which involved an expulsion of Greek Cypriots from the north and the analoguous move of Turkish Cypriots from the south. Histori ...
See also:Cyprus, Cyprus - Terminology, Cyprus - History, Cyprus - Prehistoric and Ancient Cyprus, Cyprus - Post-Classical and Modern Cyprus, Cyprus - Geography, Cyprus - Districts, Cyprus - Politics, Cyprus - Political division, Cyprus - Exclaves and enclaves, Cyprus - Reunification the Annan Plan and EU entry, Cyprus - Economy, Cyprus - Demographics, Cyprus - Education, Cyprus - Personalities, Cyprus - Educational Institutes, Cyprus - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Demographics |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Geography Cyprus is geographically close to the Middle East (see also Southwest Asia and Near East) and due to the island's geographic proximity is often included in the region, though politically and culturally it is closely aligned with Europe, in particular Greece and to a lesser extent Turkey. Historically, Cyprus has been at the crossroads between Europe, Southwest Asia, and North Africa, w ...
See also:Cyprus, Cyprus - Terminology, Cyprus - History, Cyprus - Prehistoric and Ancient Cyprus, Cyprus - Post-Classical and Modern Cyprus, Cyprus - Geography, Cyprus - Districts, Cyprus - Politics, Cyprus - Political division, Cyprus - Exclaves and enclaves, Cyprus - Reunification the Annan Plan and EU entry, Cyprus - Economy, Cyprus - Demographics, Cyprus - Education, Cyprus - Personalities, Cyprus - Educational Institutes, Cyprus - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus - Geography |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Marathon - Aftermath As soon as Datis had put to sea, the Athenians marched to Athens. They arrived in time to prevent Artaphernes from securing a landing. Seeing his opportunity lost, Artaphernes set about and returned to Asia. The Spartans arrived afterwards, toured the battlefield at Marathon, and agreed that the Athenians had won a great victory.
The Greek upset of the Persians, who had not been defeated on land for many decades, caused great problems for the Persians. Seeing that the Persians were not invincible, many peoples subject to their rule rose up following the defeat of their overlords at Marath ...
See also:Battle of Marathon, Battle of Marathon - Background, Battle of Marathon - Battle, Battle of Marathon - Aftermath, Battle of Marathon - Conclusion, Battle of Marathon - Date of the battle, Battle of Marathon - Marathon run Read more here: » Battle of Marathon: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Marathon - Aftermath |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars In Ionia (the modern Aegean coast of Turkey) the Greek cities, which included great centres such as Miletus and Halicarnassus, were unable to maintain their independence and came under the rule of the Persian Empire in the mid 6th century BC. In 499 BC the Greeks rose in the Ionian Revolt, and Athens and some other Greek cities went to their aid.
In 490 BC the Persian Great King, Darius I, having suppressed the Ionian cities, sent a fleet to punish the Greeks. The Persians landed in Attica, but were defeated at the Battle of Marathon by a Greek army led by the Athenian general Miltiades. The burial mound ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars |
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| | | | | 499 BC: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War In 431 BC war broke out again between Athens and Sparta and its allies. The proximate cause was a dispute between Corinth and one of its colonies, Corcyra (modern-day Corfu), in which Athens intervened. The obviate cause was the growing resentment of Sparta and its allies at the dominance of Athens over Greek affairs. The war lasted 27 years, partly because Athens (a naval power) and Sparta (a land-based military pow ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War |
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