424 BC

Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Ἡροδοτος, Herodotos) was a historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC-ca. 425 BC). He is known for writing The Histories, a collection of stories on different places and people he learned about through his travels. It includes the conflict between Greece and Persia. Herodotus - Opinions. Herodotus' invention earned him the title "The Father of History" and the word he used for his achievement, historie, which previously had meant ...

Including:

• Herodotus - Opinions
• Herodotus - Herodotus's life

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Xerxes (the Greek form of the Persian Khshayārsha) is the name of two Persian kings of the Achaemenid dynasty: Xerxes I, reigned 485–465 BC. Xerxes II, reigned 424 BC. Xerxes may also refer to: Xerxes, an Armenian king, killed about 212 BC by Antiochus III the Great. A son of Mithradates the Great of Pontus. An ancient city in the Fullmetal Alchemist manga. Xerxes, an opera by George Frideric Handel. XERXES, a character

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Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II and Parysatis, was a Persian prince and general. The time of his birth is unknown, but he died in 401 BC. He was born after the accession of his father in 424 BC. When, after the victories of Alcibiades, Darius II decided to continue the war against Athens and give strong support to the Spartans, he sent in 408 the young prince into Asia Minor, as satrap of Lydia and Phrygia Major with Cappadocia, and commander of the Persian troops, "which gather into the field of Ca ...

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A burning-glass is a large convex lens, which can focus the sun's rays on a small area and so ignite materials. Used in 18th century chemical studies for burning materials in closed glass vessels where the products of combustion could be trapped for analysis, the burning-glass was a useful contrivance in the days before electrical ignition was easily achieved. The technology of the burning glass has been known since antiquity. Aristophanes mentions the burning-lens in his play The Clouds (424 BC), and Archimedes, the ren ...

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Zhao (pinyin: zhao4, simplified Chinese: 赵, traditional Chinese: 趙) was a Chinese state during the Warring States Period. Its territory included areas in modern Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. The state of Zhao bordered the Xiongnu (Huns), the states of Qin, Wei and Yan. Its capital was Handan (邯郸), suburb of modern-day Handan City in Hebei. At the beginning of the Warring States Period, the state of Zhao was one of the weakest states. Zhao gained strength during the reign of King Wuling of Zhao. Th ...

Including:

• Zhao state - List of Zhao rulers

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Boeotia or Beotia (World Book «bee OH shuh») (Greek Βοιωτια; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the central area of ancient Greece. It is also a prefecture of modern Greece, see Boeotia Prefecture. The oldest city of Greece was sited there and was named Graia (Γραία) which means ancient or old. From the name of this city the word "Greece" derives. Aristotle said that this city was created before the deluge. The same assertion about the origins of Graia city was found also in an ancient marb ...

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One account says that the city was named after the mythological figure of Lamia, the daughter of Poseidon queen of the Trachineans. Another says that it is named after the Malians, the inhabitants of the surrounding area. In the middle ages (AD 869) Lamia was called Zetounion being the seat of a bishop. Conquered by the Latins after 1204, the city was known as Zirtounion, Zitonion, Girton (during the Frankish rule), and (under the Catalan rule) ...

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Lamia city, Lamia city - Historical population, Lamia city - Name, Lamia city - History, Lamia city - Persons, Lamia city - Sporting teams

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At room temperature, sulfur is a soft bright yellow solid. Although sulfur is infamous for its smell - frequently compared to rotten eggs - the odor is actually characteristic of hydrogen sulfide (H2S); elemental sulfur is odorless. It burns with a blue flame that emits sulfur dioxide, notable for its peculiar suffocating odor. Sulfur is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulfide and to a lesser extent in other organic solvents such as benzene. Common oxidation states of sulfur include −2, +2, +4 and +6. Sulfur forms stable c ...

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Sulfur, Sulfur - Notable characteristics, Sulfur - Applications, Sulfur - Biological role, Sulfur - Environmental Impact, Sulfur - History, Sulfur - Occurrence, Sulfur - Compounds, Sulfur - Isotopes, Sulfur - Precautions, Sulfur - Spelling

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509 Lucius Junius M.f. Brutus, Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus 509 then Publius Valerius Volusi f. Publicola. (Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus, who was old and weak; nothing remarkable happened during his days, according to Livy.) Marcus Horatius M.f. Pulvillus 508 Publius Lucretius T.f. Tricipitinus, Publius Valerius Volusi f. Publicola 507 Publius Valerius Volusi f. Publicola III, Marcus Horatius M.f. Pulvillus II < ...

See also:

List of Republican Roman Consuls, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 6th century BC, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 5th century BC, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 4th century BC, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 3rd century BC, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 2nd century BC, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 1st century BC

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The city owes its name to its proximity to an important sanctuary of Olympian Zeus. In the mythological tradition reported by Hesiod, Thyia, daughter of Deucalion, bore Zeus two sons, Magnes and Makedon, who lived in Pieria at the foot of Mount Olympus. The first mention of Dion in history comes from Thucydides, who reports that it was the first city reached by the Spartan general Brasidas after crossing from Thessaly into Macedon on his way through the realm of his ally Perdiccas II during his expedition against the Athenian colonies ...

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Dion Greece, Dion Greece - History, Dion Greece - Archaeology, Dion Greece - Other, Dion Greece - Historical population

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Thucydides wrote only one book; its modern title is the History of the Peloponnesian War. All his legacy to history and historiography is contained in this one dense history of the twenty-seven year war between Athens and her allies and Sparta and her allies. The history breaks off near the end of the twenty-first year. Thucydides is generally regarded as one of the first true historians. Unlike his predecessor Herodotus (often called "the father of history") who included rumors and references to myths and the gods in his writi ...

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Thucydides, Thucydides - Life, Thucydides - Education, Thucydides - Character, Thucydides - The History of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides - Quotes, Thucydides - Notes

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History of India - Indus Valley Civilization. The transition of settlements from agricultural to complex urban communities occurred sometime between the early settlements at Mehrgarh, and c. 3000 BC. This period marked the beginning of the earliest urban society in India, known as the Indus Valley Civilization, also called the Harappan civilization, which thrived between 2600 BC and 1900 BC. It was centred along the Indus Rivers and its tributaries, including the Ghaggar-Hakra Saraswati, and extended into the Gan ...

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History of India, History of India - The Paleolithic era, History of India - The Neolithic era, History of India - The Bronze age, History of India - Indus Valley Civilization, History of India - Vedic civilization, History of India - The Mahajanapadas, History of India - The Magadha empire, History of India - Shishunaga dynasty, History of India - Nanda dynasty, History of India - Maurya dynasty, History of India - Shunga dynasty, History of India - Early Middle Kingdoms - the golden age, History of India - Satavahana empire, History of India - Kushan empire, History of India - Gupta dynasty, History of India - Late Middle Kingdoms - the classical age, History of India - Harsha's empire, History of India - The Chalukyas and Pallavas, History of India - Chola empire, History of India - The Pratiharas Palas and Rashtrakutas, History of India - The Rajputs, History of India - The Islamic Sultanates, History of India - Vijayanagar empire, History of India - The Mughal era, History of India - The Maratha confederacy, History of India - The Kingdom of Mysore, History of India - The Punjab, History of India - Company rule, History of India - The British Raj, History of India - The independence movement, History of India - Independent India, History of India - Textbooks and Surveys

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Like many of the smaller Aegean islands, Kythira is depopulated. While the island had reached a peak population of about 14,500 in 1864, that has steadily declined mostly due to emigration, both internal (to major urban centres of Greece) and external (to Australia, the United States, Germany) in the first half of the 20th century. Today its population hovers around 3,354 people (2001 census), but the modern Greek diaspora has produced around 60,000 ...

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Kythira, Kythira - History, Kythira - Kythira Today, Kythira - Municipalities, Kythira - Villages, Kythira - Map of Kythira Island

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The early Neolithic culture in South Asia is represented by the Mehrgarh culture which began in 7000 BC, now in Baluchistan, Pakistan. The Mehrgarh community were mostly pastoral, lived in mud houses, wove baskets and tended to goats and their farms. By 5500 BC, pottery began to appear and later chalcolithic implements began to appear. By 2000 BC, the settlement was abandoned. Late Neolithic cultures sprang up in the Indus Valley region between 6000 BC and 2000 BC (see belo ...

See also:

History of India, History of India - The Paleolithic era, History of India - The Neolithic era, History of India - The Bronze age, History of India - Indus Valley Civilization, History of India - Vedic civilization, History of India - The Mahajanapadas, History of India - Persian and Greek invasion, History of India - Achaemenid Empire, History of India - Alexander the Great, History of India - Greco-Buddhist period, History of India - The Magadha Empire, History of India - Shishunaga dynasty, History of India - Nanda Dynasty, History of India - Maurya dynasty, History of India - Shunga dynasty, History of India - Early Middle Kingdoms - the golden age, History of India - Satavahana Empire, History of India - Kushan Empire, History of India - Gupta dynasty, History of India - Huna invasion, History of India - Indo-Sassanians, History of India - Late Middle Kingdoms - the classical age, History of India - Harsha's empire, History of India - The Chalukyas and Pallavas, History of India - Chola empire, History of India - The Pratiharas Palas and Rashtrakutas, History of India - The Rajputs, History of India - Vijayanagar Empire, History of India - The Islamic Sultanates, History of India - Delhi Sultanate, History of India - The Mughal era, History of India - Mughal Empire, History of India - The Maratha confederacy, History of India - The Kingdom of Mysore, History of India - The Punjab, History of India - Durrani Empire, History of India - Colonial era, History of India - Company rule, History of India - The British Raj, History of India - The independence movement, History of India - Republic of India, History of India - Textbooks and surveys

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The Odrysian state was the first Thracian kingdom that acquired power in the region, by the unification of many Thracian tribes under a single ruler, King Teres. Initially, the state included eastern Thrace and regions as far north as the mouths of the Danube. Teres' son, Sitalkes proved to be a good military leader, forcing the tribes that defected the alliance to acknowledge his sovereignty. The rich state that spread from the Danube to the Aegean built roads to develop trade and built a powerful army that could reach 150,000 men. In 429 BC, they organized a campaign against the Macedonians ...

See also:

Odrysian kingdom, Odrysian kingdom - History, Odrysian kingdom - List of Odrysian kings

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Oium - Settlement. Jordanes relates that their king Filimer lead the Goths searching for suitable lands and when they found Oium they were delighted with the richness of the land. When half the army had passed a bridge, the bridge collapsed and so no one could pass the area anymore. The Goths claimed the land for themselves and defeated the previous inhabitants, the Spali (which probably was the ruling Sarmatian clan). They then claimed the plains near the Azov Sea. The Goths then made a second migration to Moesia, Dacia and Thrace, but then they returned to Oium in a third migration and sett ...

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Oium, Oium - Jordanes, Oium - Settlement, Oium - Merger with Scythian Dacian and Thracian history from classic sources, Oium - The Goths' proper history, Oium - Norse mythology

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The most common type of lenses are spherical lenses, which are formed from surfaces that have spherical curvature, that is, the front and back surfaces of the lens can be imagined to be part of the surface of two spheres of given radii, R1 and R2, which are called the radius of curvature of each surface. The sign of R1 gives the shape of the front surface of the lens: if R1 is positive, the surface is convex (bulging outwards from the lens). I ...

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Lens optics, Lens optics - History, Lens optics - Lens construction, Lens optics - Imaging properties, Lens optics - Aberrations, Lens optics - Spherical aberration, Lens optics - Coma, Lens optics - Chromatic aberration, Lens optics - Multiple lenses, Lens optics - Uses of lenses

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Like many of the smaller Aegean islands, Kythira is depopulated. Its present population hovers around 3,354 people (2001 census), but the modern Greek diaspora has produced around 60,000 Kytherian descendants in Australia alone. Kythira is administratively exceptional in that: It geographically, culturally and historically belongs (is closer to) to the Ionian islands. It is administered and belongs to the prefecture of Piraeus, in Attica. There are close ties and some service provision by the near ...

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Kythira, Kythira - History, Kythira - Kythira Today, Kythira - Municipalities, Kythira - Communities

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Dionysia - Origins. The City Dionysia (Dionysia ta en Astei, also known as the Great Dionysia, Dionysia ta Megala) was the urban part of the festival, possibly established during the tyranny of Pisistratus in the 6th century BC. This festival was held about three months after the rural Dionysia, during the month of Elaphebolion (corresponding to the end of March and the beginning of April), probably to celebrate the end of winter and the arrival of the new growing season. According to tradition the ...

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Dionysia, Dionysia - Rural Dionysia, Dionysia - City Dionysia, Dionysia - Origins, Dionysia - Pompe and Proagon, Dionysia - Dramatic performances, Dionysia - Significance, Dionysia - Notable winners of the City Dionysia, Dionysia - Tragedy, Dionysia - Comedy, Dionysia - Sources

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Herodotus' invention earned him the title "The Father of History" and the word he used for his achievement, historie, which previously had meant simply "inquiry", passed into Latin and took on its modern connotation of "history" or "story". His nickname was given to him by Cicero. Conversely, however, many historians and philosophers who take a more sceptical view of Herodotus' accounts and narratives have a different name for him, dubbing him "The Father of Lies" or "the deceiver". In many cases, Herodotus, unsure of th ...

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Herodotus, Herodotus - Opinions, Herodotus - Herodotus's life

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In the winter of 424/3, around the same time as the Battle of Delium, the Spartan general Brasidas besieged Amphipolis, an Athenian colony in Thrace on the Strymon river.1 The city was defended by the Athenian general Eucles, who sent for help from Thucydides, who was stationed at Thasos with seven Athenian ships.2 In order to capture the city before Thucydides arrived, Brasidas offered to let everyone who wished to stay keep their propery, and offered safe passage to those who wante ...

See also:

Battle of Amphipolis, Battle of Amphipolis - Capture of Amphipolis 424/3 BC, Battle of Amphipolis - Armistice of 423 BC, Battle of Amphipolis - Battle of Amphipolis 422 BC, Battle of Amphipolis - Results, Battle of Amphipolis - Notes

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