3 July

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and Empress of India from 1 January 1877, until her death. Her reign lasted more than sixty-three years, longer than that of any other British monarch. As well as being Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, she was also the first monarch to use the title Empress of India. The reign of Victoria was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. The Victorian Era was at ...

Including:

• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Early life
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Early reign
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Marriage
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Early Victorian politics
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Ireland
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Middle years
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Widowhood
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Gladstone and Disraeli
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Later years
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Legacy
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Style and arms
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Surname
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Trivia
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Children
• Victoria of the United Kingdom - Cultural references

Read more here: » Victoria of the United Kingdom: Encyclopedia - Victoria of the United Kingdom

The Battle of Santiago de Cuba, fought on 3 July 1898, was the largest naval engagement of the Spanish-American War, and resulted in the destruction of the Spanish Caribbean Squadron (also known as the Flota del Ultramar). Battle of Santiago de Cuba - Historical background. The Spanish realized that the war could be made or broken by the campaign in Cuba. Even before the opening of hostilities, Almirante Pascual Cervera y Topete had been dispatched from Spain with the ultimate destination of C ...

Including:

• Battle of Santiago de Cuba - Historical background
• Battle of Santiago de Cuba - Operational background
• Battle of Santiago de Cuba - Battle is commenced
• Battle of Santiago de Cuba - Conclusion of the engagement

Read more here: » Battle of Santiago de Cuba: Encyclopedia - Battle of Santiago de Cuba

B'z - Profile. B'z is a famous Japanese hard rock band comprised of Tak Matsumoto (松本 孝弘 Matsumoto Takahiro, Guitar) and Koshi Inaba (稲葉 浩志 Inaba Kōshi, Vocal). B'z made their record debut with "Dakara Sono Te wo Hanashite" (だからその手を離して) on September 21, 1988. Their first big hit was from the Bad Communication mini album, which was released the next year. They quickly became one of the most popular rock bands in Japan. In their 17 year c ...

Including:

• B'z - Profile
• B'z - Discography
• B'z - Albums
• B'z - Singles
• B'z - DVD and Video
• B'z - LIVE-GYM

Read more here: » B'z: Encyclopedia - B'z

Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski (3 July 1932 -) was an East German politician and trader. He is a former deputy Minister for External Trade and head of the GDR's Kommerzielle Koordinierung (KoKo). He was born to an ethnic Russian father in Berlin and adopted by the Schalcks when he was eight years old. He joined the Free German Youth in 1951 and the Socialist Unity Party of Germany in 1955. In 1966 he was appointed head of KoKo and in 1967 was appointed a special officer of the Ministry of State Security. In 1983 he led the negotiations with Bavarian leader Franz Josef Strauß to ...

Including:

• Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski - References

Read more here: » Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski: Encyclopedia - Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski

The 1916 Battle of the Somme was one of the largest battles of the First World War, with more than one million casualties. The British and French forces attempted to break through the German lines along a 25 mile (40 km) front north and south of the River Somme in northern France. One purpose of the battle was to draw German forces away from the battle of Verdun; however, by its end the losses on the Somme had exceeded those at Verdun. The battle is best remembered for its first day, 1 July 1916, on which the British suffered 57,470 casualties of which 19,240 were killed or died of wounds. ...

Including:

• Battle of the Somme 1916 - Prelude
• Battle of the Somme 1916 - The first day on the Somme
• Battle of the Somme 1916 - Aftermath of the first day
• Battle of the Somme 1916 - Battle of Bazentin Ridge
• Battle of the Somme 1916 - Pozières and Mouquet Farm
• Battle of the Somme 1916 - Attrition: August and September
• Battle of the Somme 1916 - Tank!
• Battle of the Somme 1916 - The final phase
• Battle of the Somme 1916 - Conclusion
• Battle of the Somme 1916 - Casualties

Read more here: » Battle of the Somme 1916: Encyclopedia - Battle of the Somme 1916

Bryan Adams, OC, OBC (born November 5, 1959) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. Adams was born in Kingston, Ontario and traveled throughout Europe and the Middle East as a child with his diplomat parents. They moved back to Canada, to the District of North Vancouver, British Columbia in the 70's and Adams started his musical career by dropping out of school at age 15. Adams has since been inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame, and in 1990, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada and the Order of British Columbia for his contribution to popular music. In 1998 he was promoted to an Officer ...

Including:

• Bryan Adams - Musical career
• Bryan Adams - Social activist
• Bryan Adams - Soundtrack works
• Bryan Adams - The mid 1990s to the present
• Bryan Adams - As a photographer
• Bryan Adams - Trivia
• Bryan Adams - Discography
• Bryan Adams - Albums
• Bryan Adams - Singles
• Bryan Adams - Songs written for other artists
• Bryan Adams - B-sides of singles
• Bryan Adams - Filmography

Read more here: » Bryan Adams: Encyclopedia - Bryan Adams

The second USS Bainbridge (Destroyer No. 1), later designated DD-1, was the first destroyer in the United States Navy and the lead ship of her class. The ship was launched on 27 August 1901 by Neafie and Levy, Ship and Engine Building Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, sponsored by Mrs. Bertram Greene (great-granddaughter of ship's namesake Commodore William Bainbridge), placed in reserve commission at Philadelphia on 24 November 1902 Lieutenant G. W. Williams in command, towed to Norfolk, ...

Read more here: » USS Bainbridge DD-1: Encyclopedia - USS Bainbridge DD-1

The Right Honourable David Russell Lange (pronounced Long-ee), CH, ONZ (4 August 1942 Thames, New Zealand – 13 August 2005 Auckland, New Zealand), served as Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1984 to 1989. He headed New Zealand's fourth Labour Government, one of the most reforming administrations in his country's history. He had a reputation for cutting wit and eloquence. His government implemented far-reaching free market reforms, some of which he later came to oppose and regret. New Zealand's nuclear-free legislation, perha ...

Including:

• David Lange - Early life
• David Lange - Political career
• David Lange - International affairs
• David Lange - Personal life
• David Lange - Quote
• David Lange - External link

Read more here: » David Lange: Encyclopedia - David Lange

The United States Navy's first battleship was the first to bear the name USS Texas, in honor of Texas, a region that, after being taken from its natives by first Spain and then Mexico, and later becoming an independent republic, was admitted to the United States as the 28th state on 29 December 1845. Texas was authorized by the U.S. Congress on 3 August 1886. She was built from British plans developed for a design com ...

Read more here: » USS Texas 1892: Encyclopedia - USS Texas 1892

Admiral of the Fleet is a rank of the British Royal Navy and other navies, the equivalent of Fleet Admiral in the United States Navy. The rank evolved from the ancient sailing days of Royal Navy squadrons. Each squadron was designated a colour, that of Red, White, or Blue. Each coloured squadron was assigned an Admiral, who in turn had command over a Vice-Admiral and a Rear Admiral. The Admiral of the Fleet, therefore, commanded th ...

Including:

• Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy - Admirals of the Fleet

Read more here: » Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy: Encyclopedia - Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy

The Cross of Lorraine is a heraldic cross. It consists of a vertical line, crossed by two smaller horizontal bars. The lower bar is as close to the bottom of the vertical as the upper bar is to the top. In the ancient version, both bars were of the same length. In 20th century use, the lower bar is longer than the upper, thus resembling a patriarchal cross, the crossbars of which, however, are both near the top. Cross of Lorraine - Symbol in France. The Cross of Lorraine is part of the heraldic arms of Lorr ...

Including:

• Cross of Lorraine - Symbol in France
• Cross of Lorraine - Other uses
• Cross of Lorraine - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Cross of Lorraine: Encyclopedia - Cross of Lorraine

The Asian financial crisis was a financial crisis that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. It is also commonly referred to as the Asian currency crisis or locally as the IMF crisis although the latter is somewhat controversial. Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand were the countries most affected by the crisis. Hong Kong, Malaysia, Laos and the Philippines were also hit by the slump. Mainland C ...

Including:

• Asian financial crisis - History
• Asian financial crisis - Thailand
• Asian financial crisis - Philippines
• Asian financial crisis - Hong Kong
• Asian financial crisis - South Korea
• Asian financial crisis - Malaysia
• Asian financial crisis - Indonesia
• Asian financial crisis - Singapore
• Asian financial crisis - People's Republic of China
• Asian financial crisis - The United States and Japan
• Asian financial crisis - Laos
• Asian financial crisis - Myanmar
• Asian financial crisis - Consequences
• Asian financial crisis - External Reference

Read more here: » Asian financial crisis: Encyclopedia - Asian financial crisis

The 117th International Olympic Committee Session was held for the first time in Singapore from 2 July to 9 July 2005. The meeting was particularly significant as two important decisions were made through voting during the session - namely the selection of the hosting city for the 2012 Summer Olympics, and a review of the 28 sports currently represented in the summer games. The session was held at the Raffles City Convention Centre, which is on level 4 of the Raffles City complex. The opening ceremony on 5 July 2005 was held at ...

Including:

• 117th IOC Session - Emblem
• 117th IOC Session - Proceedings
• 117th IOC Session - 1 July 2005
• 117th IOC Session - 2 July 2005
• 117th IOC Session - 3 July 2005
• 117th IOC Session - 4 July 2005
• 117th IOC Session - 5 July 2005
• 117th IOC Session - 6 July 2005
• 117th IOC Session - 7 July 2005
• 117th IOC Session - 8 July 2005
• 117th IOC Session - 9 July 2005
• 117th IOC Session - World's Impression of Singapore
• 117th IOC Session - Media Confusion
• 117th IOC Session - Olympic Anthem Criticism
• 117th IOC Session - Impact

Read more here: » 117th IOC Session: Encyclopedia - 117th IOC Session

Modelling A locomotive (from lat. locus motivus) is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train, and has no payload capacity of its own; its sole purpose is to move the train along the tracks. In contrast, many trains feature self-propelled payload-carrying vehicles; these are not normally considered locomotives, and may be referred to as multiple units or railcars; the use of these self-propelled vehicles is increasingly common for passenger trains, but very rare for freight (see however CargoSprinter). ...

Including:

• Locomotive - Origins
• Locomotive - Benefits of locomotives
• Locomotive - Classification by motive power
• Locomotive - Steam
• Locomotive - Diesel-mechanical
• Locomotive - Diesel-electric
• Locomotive - Diesel-hydraulic
• Locomotive - Gas turbine-electric
• Locomotive - Electric
• Locomotive - Electro-diesel
• Locomotive - Magnetic levitation
• Locomotive - Classification by use

Read more here: » Locomotive: Encyclopedia - Locomotive

The College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram (formerly Trivandrum) started functioning on 3 July 1939 as a part of the erstwhile University of Travancore, Kerala, India. The college campus is situated near Sreekaryam, 13 km from Thiruvananthapuram Central (railway station). Extending over 125 acres (500,000 m²) of land, it has one of the most spacious campuses in the country. The main building resembles a spanner from the air, around which are spread the departmental buildings, library block, labor ...

Including:

• College of Engineering Trivandrum - History

Read more here: » College of Engineering Trivandrum: Encyclopedia - College of Engineering Trivandrum

The incident began on 11 May 1939, when a Mongolian cavalry unit of some 70-90 men entered the disputed area in search of grazing for their horses, and encountered Manchukuoan cavalry who drove them out of the disputed territory. Two days later the Mongolian force returned and the Manchukoans were unable to evict them. At this point the Japanese Kantogun became involved -- a reconnaissance unit under Lt. Col. Yaozo Azuma was sent to engage the Mongolians on 14 May, but they retreated west of the river with few losses. Joseph Stalin or ...

See also:

Battle of Khalkhin Gol, Battle of Khalkhin Gol - Background, Battle of Khalkhin Gol - Prelude, Battle of Khalkhin Gol - The Battle, Battle of Khalkhin Gol - Aftermath, Battle of Khalkhin Gol - Influence on World War II

Read more here: » Battle of Khalkhin Gol: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Khalkhin Gol - Prelude

While progress was slow on the right and the struggle for Longueval continued, XV Corps had control of the Bazentin villages by 9 am and the prospect of a breakthrough loomed. From the Bazentin ridge, the British could look north-east across a shallow valley towards High Wood, beyond which lay the incomplete German third position. There was no sign of the enemy and thick stands of grain indicated terrain only lightly d ...

See also:

Battle of Bazentin Ridge, Battle of Bazentin Ridge - Prelude, Battle of Bazentin Ridge - Preliminary operations, Battle of Bazentin Ridge - Planning, Battle of Bazentin Ridge - Dawn attack, Battle of Bazentin Ridge - High Wood, Battle of Bazentin Ridge - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of Bazentin Ridge: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Bazentin Ridge - High Wood

Ngata was born to a Māori family in Te Araroa (then called Kawaka), a small coastal town about 175 kilometres north of Gisborne. His iwi was Ngati Porou, and his father was considered an expert in traditional lore. Ngata was greatly influenced both by his father and by his great-uncle Ropata Wahawaha (who had led Ngati Porou forces in the Māori Wars). Ngata was raised in a Māori environment, speaking the Māori language, but his father also ensured that Ngata learned about the Pakeha world, believing that this under ...

See also:

Apirana Ngata, Apirana Ngata - Early life, Apirana Ngata - Early political career, Apirana Ngata - Ministerial career, Apirana Ngata - Later life

Read more here: » Apirana Ngata: Encyclopedia II - Apirana Ngata - Early life

Iran Air was established on February 24, 1962, after Iranian Airways and Persian Air Services joined together under the name of Iran National Airlines Corporation, known as Iran Air. Iranian Airways had been the first Iranian flag carrier and was formed in 1946. Iran Air soon built a large route structure and a dense domestic network. The first planes used by the company were the Avro York, Douglas DC-3, Douglas DC-6 and Vickers Viscount. The carrier b ...

See also:

Iran Air, Iran Air - History, Iran Air - Incidents and Accidents, Iran Air - Services, Iran Air - Fleet

Read more here: » Iran Air: Encyclopedia II - Iran Air - History

The U.S. Army Air Service/Air Corps/Air Forces wings that existed before 1947 are not comparable with the wings of the USAF. World War II wings, for example, were very large administrative and operational organizations that usually controlled several combat groups and numerous service organizations, often located at widely scattered locations. Many of the World War II wings were redesignated as air divisions after the war. Modem wings, as we know them, began their existence with a service test of combat wings in 1947-1948. These wings were t ...

See also:

Strategic Air Command, Strategic Air Command - History, Strategic Air Command - The Command, Strategic Air Command - Commander in Chief Strategic Air Command CINCSAC, Strategic Air Command - Senior Enlisted Advisors, Strategic Air Command - The Air Forces, Strategic Air Command - Second Air Force, Strategic Air Command - Eighth Air Force, Strategic Air Command - Fifteenth Air Force, Strategic Air Command - Sixteenth Air Force, Strategic Air Command - Twentieth Air Force, Strategic Air Command - The Divisions, Strategic Air Command - The Wings, Strategic Air Command - 1st Wings, Strategic Air Command - 2nd Wings, Strategic Air Command - 4th Fighter Wing, Strategic Air Command - A Brief History of Air Refueling, Strategic Air Command - The Bases, Strategic Air Command - United States, Strategic Air Command - Overseas bases, Strategic Air Command - SAC Sayings, Strategic Air Command - External link

Read more here: » Strategic Air Command: Encyclopedia II - Strategic Air Command - The Wings