Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 331 BC 330 BC 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC - 326 BC - 325 BC 324 BC 323 BC 322 BC 321 BC Events Alexander the Great crosses the Hindu Kush and invades India. May - Battle of the Hydaspes, Alexander defeats the Indian King Porus July - Alexander's troops mutiny at the Hyphasis, refusing to go any further. Alexander turns south, sailing down the Hydaspes to the Indus

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The History of India can be traced in fragments as far back as 700,000 years ago. The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world, dates back at least 5,000 years. According to the Indo-Aryan migration hypothesis, the so-called Aryans from the north-west of the Indian subcontinent migrated between 2000 BCE and 1500 BCE, possibly from Central Asia or the Middle East; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants apparently resulted in classical Indian culture. Arab incursions starting in the 8th century and Turkish ...

Including:

• History of India - The Paleolithic era
• History of India - The Neolithic era
• History of India - The Bronze age
• History of India - Vedic civilization
• History of India - The Mahajanapadas
• History of India - The Magadha empire
• History of India - Shishunaga dynasty
• History of India - Nanda dynasty
• History of India - Maurya dynasty
• History of India - Shunga dynasty
• History of India - Early Middle Kingdoms - the golden age
• History of India - Satavahana empire
• History of India - Kushan empire
• History of India - Gupta dynasty
• History of India - Late Middle Kingdoms - the classical age
• History of India - Harsha's empire
• History of India - The Chalukyas and Pallavas
• History of India - Chola empire
• History of India - The Pratiharas, Palas and Rashtrakutas
• History of India - The Rajputs
• History of India - The Islamic Sultanates
• History of India - Vijayanagar empire
• History of India - The Mughal era
• History of India - The Maratha confederacy
• History of India - The Kingdom of Mysore
• History of India - The Punjab
• History of India - Company rule
• History of India - The British Raj
• History of India - The independence movement
• History of India - Independent India
• History of India - Textbooks and Surveys

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War elephants were important, although not widespread, weapons in ancient military history. Their main use was in charges, to trample the enemy and/or break their ranks. War elephants were exclusively male animals, because they were faster, more aggressive, and the females had a tendency to run away from other females. War elephant - History. Elephant taming began in the Indus valley around 4,000 years ago. Taming is not used here as a synonym of domestication. Domesticated animals, such as cows or dogs, ar ...

Including:

• War elephant - History
• War elephant - Tactical use
• War elephant - Battles
• War elephant - War elephants in popular culture
• War elephant - External link

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Craterus (c. 370 BC - 321 BC) was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. He was the son of a Macedonian nobleman named Alexander. Craterus commanded with the complete phalanx and all infantry on the left wing in battle of Issus (333 BC). In Hyrcania he was sent on a mission against the Tapurians, his first independent command with the Macedonian army. At the Battle of the Hydaspes River (326 BC, near modern Jhelum) he commanded the rearguard, which stayed on the western bank; his men crossed the bat ...

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Greco-Buddhism, sometimes spelled Græco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between the culture of Classical Greece and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 800 years in Central Asia in the area corresponding to modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan, between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE. Greco-Buddhism influenced the artistic (and, possibly, conceptual) development of Buddhism, and in particular Mahayana Buddhism, before it was adopted by Central and Northeastern Asia from the 1st century CE, ultima ...

Including:

• Greco-Buddhism - Historical outline
• Greco-Buddhism - Religious interactions
• Greco-Buddhism - Alexander the Great in Bactria and India 331-325
• Greco-Buddhism - The Mauryan empire 322–183 BCE
• Greco-Buddhism - The Greek presence in Bactria 325 to 125 BCE
• Greco-Buddhism - The Indo-Greek kingdom and Buddhism 180 BCE –10 CE
• Greco-Buddhism - The Kushan empire 1st–3rd century CE
• Greco-Buddhism - Artistic influences
• Greco-Buddhism - The anthropomorphic representation of the Buddha
• Greco-Buddhism - A Hellenized Buddhist pantheon
• Greco-Buddhism - Greco-Buddhism and the rise of the Mahayana
• Greco-Buddhism - Conceptual influences
• Greco-Buddhism - Gandharan proselytism
• Greco-Buddhism - Intellectual influences in Asia
• Greco-Buddhism - Greco-Buddhism and the West
• Greco-Buddhism - Exchanges
• Greco-Buddhism - Religious influences
• Greco-Buddhism - Notes

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Coenus (in Greek Koινoς; died 326 BC), a son of Polemocrates and son-in-law of Parmenion, was one of the ablest and most faithful generals of Alexander the Great in his eastern expedition. In the autumn of 334 BC, when Alexander was in Caria, and sent those of his soldiers who had been recently married, to Macedonia, to spend the ensuing winter with their wives there, Coenus was one of the commanders who led them back to Europe. In the spring of the year following (333 BC), Coenus returned with the Macedonians, and joined Al ...

Including:

• Coenus - Note

Read more here: » Coenus: Encyclopedia - Coenus

Alexander the Great (in Greek Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, transliterated Megas Alexandros; born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, died in Babylon, on June 10, 323 BC), King of Macedon 336–323 BC, is arguably the most successful military commander in world history, conquering most of the known world before his death. Alexander is also known in the Zoroastrian Middle Persian work Arda Wiraz Nāmag as "the accursed Alexander" due to his conquest of the ...

Including:

• Alexander the Great - Early life
• Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon
• Alexander the Great - Period of conquests
• Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire
• Alexander the Great - The invasion of India
• Alexander the Great - After India
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality
• Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela
• Alexander the Great - Infantry
• Alexander the Great - Cavalry
• Alexander the Great - Death
• Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire
• Alexander the Great - Timeline
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's character
• Alexander the Great - Stories and legends
• Alexander the Great - Ancient sources
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources
• Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander
• Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media
• Alexander the Great - Note

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The Beas River runs through the Northwestern Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. The river was also known as Arjiki/Vipas to the ancient Indians and the Hyphasis to the Ancient Greeks. The Beas River marks the eastern-most border of Alexander the Great's conquests in 326 BC. The river begins at the Rohtang Pass in the state of Himachal Pradesh, and merges with the Sutlej river in Punjab, India. Sutlej contimues into Punjab, Pakistan and joins the Chenab River to form the Panjnad river; the latter joins the Indus river at Mithankot. The waters of the Beas and Sutlej rivers are allocated to India under t ...

Including:

• Beas River - External link

Read more here: » Beas River: Encyclopedia - Beas River

The Battle of the Hydaspes River was a battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Indian king Porus (in Sanskrit Purushotthama) on the Hydaspes River (now the Jhelum) in present-day Pakistan. Although Alexander was victorious, his army refused to go any further into India. His tired army saw the use of elephants for the first time in years since Gaugamela. Later, Porus trained Alexander's army to combat such attacks. Battle of the Hydaspes River - Combatants. Macedonians and var ...

Including:

• Battle of the Hydaspes River - Combatants
• Battle of the Hydaspes River - Location
• Battle of the Hydaspes River - Prelude
• Battle of the Hydaspes River - Battle
• Battle of the Hydaspes River - Aftermath

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Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. It refers not only to the geographical peninsula of modern Greece, but also to areas of Hellenic culture that were settled in ancient times by Greeks: Cyprus, the Aegean coast of Turkey (then known as Ionia), Sicily and southern Italy (known as Magna Graecia), and the scattered Greek settlements on the coasts of what are now Albania, Bulgaria, Egypt, Libya, southern France, sout ...

Including:

• Ancient Greece - Origins
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas
• Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict
• Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars
• Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens
• Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War
• Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon
• Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander
• Ancient Greece - Society
• Ancient Greece - Social Structure
• Ancient Greece - Way of Life
• Ancient Greece - Education

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 328 BC 327 BC 326 BC 325 BC 324 BC - 323 BC - 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 323 BC - Events. On his way from Ecbatana to Babylon, Alexander the Great fights and crushes the Cossaeans June 10 - Alexander the Great dies in Babylon. After a dispute with the infantry led by Meleager, the cavalry ge ...

Including:

• 323 BC - Events
• 323 BC - Births
• 323 BC - Deaths

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Zhao (pinyin: zhao4, simplified Chinese: 赵, traditional Chinese: 趙) was a Chinese state during the Warring States Period. Its territory included areas in modern Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. The state of Zhao bordered the Xiongnu (Huns), the states of Qin, Wei and Yan. Its capital was Handan (邯郸), suburb of modern-day Handan City in Hebei. At the beginning of the Warring States Period, the state of Zhao was one of the weakest states. Zhao gained strength during the reign of King Wuling of Zhao. Th ...

Including:

• Zhao state - List of Zhao rulers

Read more here: » Zhao state: Encyclopedia - Zhao state

For the mythological figures, see Porus (Greek mythology) and Porus (Roman mythology). Porus, the Greek version of the Indian names Puru or Purushottama, was the ruler of a Kingdom that was located between what is now known as the Jhelum and the Chenab rivers (in Greek sources called Hydaspes and Acesines) in the Punjab. Its capital may have been around what is currently the city of Lahore [1]. Unlike his neighbour, Ambhi (in Greek: Omphius), the King of ...

Including:

• Porus - Death
• Porus - Additional Reading

Read more here: » Porus: Encyclopedia - Porus

Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 330 BC 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC 326 BC - 325 BC - 324 BC 323 BC 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC Events January - Alexander the Great is severely wounded at the siege of the City of the Mallians. Alexander's troops begin the march west in three different groups. While Craterus takes a northern route, and Nearchus sails through th ...

Read more here: » 325 BC: Encyclopedia - 325 BC

Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 332 BC 331 BC 330 BC 329 BC 328 BC - 327 BC - 326 BC 325 BC 324 BC 323 BC 322 BC Events Alexander the Great finally subdues the rebellion in Bactria and Sogdia, taking the Sogdian Rock. Alexander marries Roxane, daughter of a Bactrian chieftain. A pages' conspiracy against Alexander is suppressed. Among those implicated is the court historian Callisthenes. ...

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC - 330s BC - 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 335 BC 334 BC 333 BC 332 BC 331 BC - 330 BC - 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC 326 BC 325 BC Events January 20 - Alexander the Great forces the Persian Gates, leaving the way open into Persis, the Persian homeland. January 30 - Alexander enters Persepolis, the ceremonial Persian capital, which is burned. June - Dariu ...

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC - 330s BC - 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 337 BC 336 BC 335 BC 334 BC 333 BC - 332 BC - 331 BC 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC 326 BC Events Alexander the Great conquers Tyre after a seven-month siege, destroying Persian naval power. Alexander receives the submission of the Jews. Alexander conquers Gaza after another siege. Alexander the Great occupies Egypt.

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC 326 BC 325 BC - 324 BC - 323 BC 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC Events March: Alexander the Great returns to Susa and marries Statira, daughter of Darius III of Persia. In a mass marriage ceremony, his generals are married to daughters of Persian noblemen. August: Mutiny at Opis against Alexander is suppressed. Births Antiochus I Sote ...

Read more here: » 324 BC: Encyclopedia - 324 BC

Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 326 BC 325 BC 324 BC 323 BC 322 BC - 321 BC - 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 316 BC Events The rebellious Macedonian general Craterus is defeated and killed in battle in Asia Minor by Eumenes of Cardia, lieutenant to the Macedonian regent Perdiccas. Perdiccas launches a campaign against Ptolemy, the Satrap of Egypt. ...

Read more here: » 321 BC: Encyclopedia - 321 BC

Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 327 BC 326 BC 325 BC 324 BC 323 BC - 322 BC - 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 322 BC - Events. Spring - The Macedonian Regent Perdiccas campaigns in Cappadocia, still under native rulers, which he conquers Spring - Peithon, Macedonian Satrap of Media, suppresses a rebellion of Macedonian veterans ...

Including:

• 322 BC - Events
• 322 BC - Deaths

Read more here: » 322 BC: Encyclopedia - 322 BC