321 BC

Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 326 BC 325 BC 324 BC 323 BC 322 BC - 321 BC - 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 316 BC Events The rebellious Macedonian general Craterus is defeated and killed in battle in Asia Minor by Eumenes of Cardia, lieutenant to the Macedonian regent Perdiccas. Perdiccas launches a campaign against Ptolemy, the Satrap of Egypt. ...

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The History of India can be traced in fragments as far back as 700,000 years ago. The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world, dates back at least 5,000 years. According to the Indo-Aryan migration hypothesis, the so-called Aryans from the north-west of the Indian subcontinent migrated between 2000 BCE and 1500 BCE, possibly from Central Asia or the Middle East; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants apparently resulted in classical Indian culture. Arab incursions starting in the 8th century and Turkish ...

Including:

• History of India - The Paleolithic era
• History of India - The Neolithic era
• History of India - The Bronze age
• History of India - Vedic civilization
• History of India - The Mahajanapadas
• History of India - The Magadha empire
• History of India - Shishunaga dynasty
• History of India - Nanda dynasty
• History of India - Maurya dynasty
• History of India - Shunga dynasty
• History of India - Early Middle Kingdoms - the golden age
• History of India - Satavahana empire
• History of India - Kushan empire
• History of India - Gupta dynasty
• History of India - Late Middle Kingdoms - the classical age
• History of India - Harsha's empire
• History of India - The Chalukyas and Pallavas
• History of India - Chola empire
• History of India - The Pratiharas, Palas and Rashtrakutas
• History of India - The Rajputs
• History of India - The Islamic Sultanates
• History of India - Vijayanagar empire
• History of India - The Mughal era
• History of India - The Maratha confederacy
• History of India - The Kingdom of Mysore
• History of India - The Punjab
• History of India - Company rule
• History of India - The British Raj
• History of India - The independence movement
• History of India - Independent India
• History of India - Textbooks and Surveys

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 328 BC 327 BC 326 BC 325 BC 324 BC - 323 BC - 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 323 BC - Events. On his way from Ecbatana to Babylon, Alexander the Great fights and crushes the Cossaeans June 10 - Alexander the Great dies in Babylon. After a dispute with the infantry led by Meleager, the cavalry ge ...

Including:

• 323 BC - Events
• 323 BC - Births
• 323 BC - Deaths

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 327 BC 326 BC 325 BC 324 BC 323 BC - 322 BC - 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 322 BC - Events. Spring - The Macedonian Regent Perdiccas campaigns in Cappadocia, still under native rulers, which he conquers Spring - Peithon, Macedonian Satrap of Media, suppresses a rebellion of Macedonian veterans ...

Including:

• 322 BC - Events
• 322 BC - Deaths

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Chandragupta Maurya (ruled 322–298 BC), also known as Sandrokottos to the Greeks, was the founder of the first imperial power in India, and became the first Emperor of the Mauryan Empire. The Mauryan empire, whose capital was Pataliputra (Modern day Patna)in East India, is acknowledged to be the greatest empire in ancient India, and lasted until 185 BC, fifty years after the death of Chandragupta's famous grandson, Emperor Ashoka. Prior to Chandragupta's consolidation of power, sma ...

Including:

• Chandragupta Maurya - Origins
• Chandragupta Maurya - Chanakya
• Chandragupta Maurya - Expansion
• Chandragupta Maurya - Jainism & death
• Chandragupta Maurya - Family
• Chandragupta Maurya - Trivia
• Chandragupta Maurya - Additional reading
• Chandragupta Maurya - External link

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Antipater (in Greek Αντίπατρος; lived c. 397 BC–319 BC) was a Macedonian general and a supporter of kings Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. In 320 BC he became regent of all of Alexander's empire. Antipater - Career under Philip and Alexander. Nothing is known of his early career until 342 BC, when he was appointed by Philip to govern Macedon as his regent while the former left the country for three years of hard and successful campaigning against Thracian and Scythians tribes ...

Including:

• Antipater - Career under Philip and Alexander
• Antipater - The fight for succession
• Antipater - Regent of the Empire
• Antipater - Alexander's assassin?

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 316 BC 315 BC 314 BC 313 BC 312 BC 311 BC 316 BC - Events. Cassander, the Macedonian Regent, besieges Olympias, mother of Alexander the Great, in Pydna. Cassander soon captures the city, kills Olympias, and regains custody of the young king Alexander IV and his mother Roxane. T ...

Including:

• 316 BC - Events
• 316 BC - Births
• 316 BC - Deaths

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Craterus (c. 370 BC - 321 BC) was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. He was the son of a Macedonian nobleman named Alexander. Craterus commanded with the complete phalanx and all infantry on the left wing in battle of Issus (333 BC). In Hyrcania he was sent on a mission against the Tapurians, his first independent command with the Macedonian army. At the Battle of the Hydaspes River (326 BC, near modern Jhelum) he commanded the rearguard, which stayed on the western bank; his men crossed the bat ...

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An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress is the feminine form and can either be the wife of an emperor or a woman being an imperial monarch herself. Emperors are generally recognised to be above kings in honour and rank. Emperor Akihito of Japan is the world's only reigning emperor. the last imperial monarch in europe was the King-Emperor George VI who ruled as Emperor of India Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of ...

Including:

• Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch
• Emperor - Imperium maius
• Emperor - Historical development
• Emperor - Europe
• Emperor - The Americas
• Emperor - Africa
• Emperor - Asia
• Emperor - Persian tradition
• Emperor - Pre-Columbian American traditions
• Emperor - Other traditions
• Emperor - Lists of emperors
• Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires
• Emperor - Emperors of short-lived 'empires'
• Emperor - Self-proclaimed emperors
• Emperor - Fictional emperors
• Emperor - Notes
• Emperor - Trivia

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC 326 BC 325 BC - 324 BC - 323 BC 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC Events March: Alexander the Great returns to Susa and marries Statira, daughter of Darius III of Persia. In a mass marriage ceremony, his generals are married to daughters of Persian noblemen. August: Mutiny at Opis against Alexander is suppressed. Births Antiochus I Sote ...

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 324 BC 323 BC 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 316 BC 315 BC 314 BC Events Spring - Antigonus, Macedonian commander in Asia, defeats the outlaw Eumenes in Asia Minor, driving Eumenes into the East. Summer - Death of the Macedonian regent Antipater. He makes his colleague, the elderly Polyperchon, his successor as regent, in preference to his own son Cassander. Ptolemy laun ...

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 330 BC 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC 326 BC - 325 BC - 324 BC 323 BC 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC Events January - Alexander the Great is severely wounded at the siege of the City of the Mallians. Alexander's troops begin the march west in three different groups. While Craterus takes a northern route, and Nearchus sails through th ...

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 323 BC 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 316 BC 315 BC 314 BC 313 BC Events Spring - beginning of the Second War of the Diadochi. In Greece, Antipater's son Cassander revolts against his father's chosen successor as regent, Polyperchon. Cassander allies with Ptolemy, the governor of Egypt, and Antigonus, the commander ...

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Antigonus I Cyclops or Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed", so called from his having lost an eye) (382 BC - 301 BC) was a Macedonian nobleman, general, and satrap under Alexander the Great. He was a major figure in the Wars of the Diadochi after Alexander's death. He established the Antigonid dynasty and declared himself King in 306 BC. Antigonus was appointed governor of Greater Phrygia in 333 BC, and in the division of the provinces after Alexander's death in 323 BC he also received Pamphylia and Lycia from Perdiccas, regen ...

Including:

• Antigonus I Monophthalmus - External link

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 331 BC 330 BC 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC - 326 BC - 325 BC 324 BC 323 BC 322 BC 321 BC Events Alexander the Great crosses the Hindu Kush and invades India. May - Battle of the Hydaspes, Alexander defeats the Indian King Porus July - Alexander's troops mutiny at the Hyphasis, refusing to go any further. Alexander turns south, sailing down the Hydaspes to the Indus

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 316 BC 315 BC 314 BC 313 BC 312 BC Events Spring - In the Second War of the Diadochi, Eumenes, whose authority is rejected by Seleucus, Satrap of Babylon, moves east to Susa. Spring - Cassander secures his control of both Athens, where he installs Demetrius of Phaleron as his ...

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In 327, war broke out again between Samnite hill people and those on Campania's plain. The Samnites established a garrison in Neapolis -- a city inhabited by Greeks. Again people of the plain sought Rome's assistance, and again Rome went to war against the Samnites. The Romans soon confronted the Samnites of the middle Liris river valley (modern Liri), sparking the Second, or Great, Samnite War (326-304 BC), which lasted twenty years and was not a defensive venture for Rome. During the first half of the war Rome suffered serious defeats, but the second ha ...

See also:

Samnite Wars, Samnite Wars - The First Samnite War, Samnite Wars - The Second Great Samnite War, Samnite Wars - The Third Samnite War

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The early Neolithic culture in South Asia is represented by the Mehrgarh culture which began in 7000 BC, now in Baluchistan, Pakistan. The Mehrgarh community were mostly pastoral, lived in mud houses, wove baskets and tended to goats and their farms. By 5500 BC, pottery began to appear and later chalcolithic implements began to appear. By 2000 BC, the settlement was abandoned. Late Neolithic cultures sprang up in the Indus Valley region between 6000 BC and 2000 BC (see belo ...

See also:

History of India, History of India - The Paleolithic era, History of India - The Neolithic era, History of India - The Bronze age, History of India - Indus Valley Civilization, History of India - Vedic civilization, History of India - The Mahajanapadas, History of India - Persian and Greek invasion, History of India - Achaemenid Empire, History of India - Alexander the Great, History of India - Greco-Buddhist period, History of India - The Magadha Empire, History of India - Shishunaga dynasty, History of India - Nanda Dynasty, History of India - Maurya dynasty, History of India - Shunga dynasty, History of India - Early Middle Kingdoms - the golden age, History of India - Satavahana Empire, History of India - Kushan Empire, History of India - Gupta dynasty, History of India - Huna invasion, History of India - Indo-Sassanians, History of India - Late Middle Kingdoms - the classical age, History of India - Harsha's empire, History of India - The Chalukyas and Pallavas, History of India - Chola empire, History of India - The Pratiharas Palas and Rashtrakutas, History of India - The Rajputs, History of India - Vijayanagar Empire, History of India - The Islamic Sultanates, History of India - Delhi Sultanate, History of India - The Mughal era, History of India - Mughal Empire, History of India - The Maratha confederacy, History of India - The Kingdom of Mysore, History of India - The Punjab, History of India - Durrani Empire, History of India - Colonial era, History of India - Company rule, History of India - The British Raj, History of India - The independence movement, History of India - Republic of India, History of India - Textbooks and surveys

Read more here: » History of India: Encyclopedia II - History of India - The Neolithic era

See also Roman military structure. Military history of ancient Rome - Roman army. "The Roman Army" is the name given by English-speakers to the soldiers and other military forces who served the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. The Roman words for the military were often based on the word for one soldier, miles. The army in general was the militia, and a commander of military operations, magister militiae. In the republic, a general might be called imperator, "commander" (as in Caesar imperator), but un ...

See also:

Military history of ancient Rome, Military history of ancient Rome - Institutions, Military history of ancient Rome - Roman army, Military history of ancient Rome - Roman navy, Military history of ancient Rome - Events, Military history of ancient Rome - Patterns of Roman wars, Military history of ancient Rome - List of Roman wars

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History of India - Indus Valley Civilization. The transition of settlements from agricultural to complex urban communities occurred sometime between the early settlements at Mehrgarh, and c. 3000 BC. This period marked the beginning of the earliest urban society in India, known as the Indus Valley Civilization, also called the Harappan civilization, which thrived between 2600 BC and 1900 BC. It was centred along the Indus Rivers and its tributaries, including the Ghaggar-Hakra Saraswati, and extended into the Gan ...

See also:

History of India, History of India - The Paleolithic era, History of India - The Neolithic era, History of India - The Bronze age, History of India - Indus Valley Civilization, History of India - Vedic civilization, History of India - The Mahajanapadas, History of India - The Magadha empire, History of India - Shishunaga dynasty, History of India - Nanda dynasty, History of India - Maurya dynasty, History of India - Shunga dynasty, History of India - Early Middle Kingdoms - the golden age, History of India - Satavahana empire, History of India - Kushan empire, History of India - Gupta dynasty, History of India - Late Middle Kingdoms - the classical age, History of India - Harsha's empire, History of India - The Chalukyas and Pallavas, History of India - Chola empire, History of India - The Pratiharas Palas and Rashtrakutas, History of India - The Rajputs, History of India - The Islamic Sultanates, History of India - Vijayanagar empire, History of India - The Mughal era, History of India - The Maratha confederacy, History of India - The Kingdom of Mysore, History of India - The Punjab, History of India - Company rule, History of India - The British Raj, History of India - The independence movement, History of India - Independent India, History of India - Textbooks and Surveys

Read more here: » History of India: Encyclopedia II - History of India - The Bronze age