32-bit

Free Pascal - The early years. Free Pascal emerged when Borland made clear there would be no Borland Pascal 8, and the next version would be a Windows-only product (which turned out to become Delphi later on), and a student (Florian Paul Klämpfl) started working on his own compiler. The compiler was written in the (Borland) Turbo Pascal dialect from the start and produced 32-Bit code for the go32v1 DOS extender used and developed by the DJGPP project at this time. Originally the compiler itself was a 16-bit Dos executable compiled by Turbo Pascal. After two years, the compiler was able to ...

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Free Pascal, Free Pascal - Introduction, Free Pascal - Language dialect, Free Pascal - History, Free Pascal - The early years, Free Pascal - Expansion, Free Pascal - The Next Generation, Free Pascal - The future, Free Pascal - Targets

Read more here: » Free Pascal: Encyclopedia II - Free Pascal - History

U.S. Gold - World Cup Carnival. U.S. Gold's most embarrassing moment came in 1986 with the release of World Cup Carnival on the C64, ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC. The company had acquired the rights to produce the official computer game of the Mexico 86 World Cup football competition well in advance of the planned release date. The game was to be developed in-house, but programming and marketing problems arose that were unable to be overcome in time for the game's release. At the eleventh hour, U.S. Gold ac ...

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U.S. Gold, U.S. Gold - History, U.S. Gold - U.S. Gold licences, U.S. Gold - World Cup Carnival, U.S. Gold - Olympics, U.S. Gold - Strider, U.S. Gold - Trivia

Read more here: » U.S. Gold: Encyclopedia II - U.S. Gold - U.S. Gold licences

In 1979 Motorola were developing their new 68000 CPU, and one of their engineers, Jack Kister, decided to set about creating a standardized bus system for 68000-based systems, which he called VERSAbus. He was later joined by John Black, who refined the specifications and created the VERSAmodule product concept. Sven Rau and Max Loesel of Motorola-Europe added a mechanical specification to the system, basing it on the Eurocard standard that was then late in the standardization process. The result was first known as VERSAbus-E, but was later renamed to VMEbus, for VERSAmodule Eurocard bus (although some refer to ...

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VMEbus, VMEbus - History, VMEbus - Description

Read more here: » VMEbus: Encyclopedia II - VMEbus - History

Atari had created two released machines in the form of the Atari 2600 console (also known as VCS) and the various Atari 8-bit based home computers. Both of these lines were created around the 6502 CPU and included a number of additional chips assisting this rather basic, but cost-effective CPU in providing graphics and sound. In fact the 8-bit machines had originally intended to be the replacement for the 2600, but they were l ...

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Atari ST, Atari ST - Overview, Atari ST - Origins, Atari ST - Description, Atari ST - The enhanced STs, Atari ST - Future of the platform, Atari ST - Software, Atari ST - Screenshots, Atari ST - Technical specifications, Atari ST - ST/ST^F/ST^M/ST^FM, Atari ST - ST^E, Atari ST - Models, Atari ST - Other models

Read more here: » Atari ST: Encyclopedia II - Atari ST - Origins

The functionality provided by the Windows API can be grouped into six categories:[1] Base Services[2] Provide access to the fundamental resources available to a Windows system. Included are things like file systems, devices, processes and threads, access to the Windows registry, and error handling. These functions reside in kernel.ex ...

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Windows API, Windows API - Overview of the Windows API Components, Windows API - Web related APIs, Windows API - Multimedia related APIs, Windows API - APIs for interaction between programs, Windows API - Wrapper Libraries, Windows API - History, Windows API - Versions, Windows API - Other implementations, Windows API - Compiler support, Windows API - Notes

Read more here: » Windows API: Encyclopedia II - Windows API - Overview of the Windows API Components

Motion was designed to make animation easier and more accessible to developers. Traditional compositing and animation software was designed to give professional users power and control, at the expense of a sizable learning curve. Motion was designed to be simpler to use and less expensive than the competition. In Motion, users can import their own graphics files and use pre-prepared graphics such as text and shapes. Objects can be grouped into layers, like other motion graphics programs, but they always retain their own distinct ident ...

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Apple Motion, Apple Motion - Market Position, Apple Motion - How Motion Works, Apple Motion - Motion 2

Read more here: » Apple Motion: Encyclopedia II - Apple Motion - How Motion Works

MOS Technology - A better 6800 than the 6800. MOS originally started up to provide a second source for Texas Instruments designed electronic calculators and the chips inside them. They also produced Atari's custom PONG chip for a short time. As the calculator market grew MOS eventually became largely beholden to Commodore International (then Commodore Business Machines), who bought practically all of their supply for their line of calculators.^{See also:}

MOS Technology, MOS Technology - Company history, MOS Technology - A better 6800 than the 6800, MOS Technology - Lowering the costs by mask fixing, MOS Technology - The 6502 family makes its mark, MOS Technology - Commodore Semiconductor Group, MOS Technology - GMT Microelectronics; game over, MOS Technology - Notes, MOS Technology - Products

Read more here: » MOS Technology: Encyclopedia II - MOS Technology - Company history

As of 2004, newer versions of AGP increase the transfer rate from two to eight times. Available versions include: AGP 1x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 266 megabytes per second (MB/s), doubled from the 133 MB/s transfer rate of PCI bus 33 MHz / 32-bit; 3.3 V signaling. AGP 2x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz double pumped to an effective 133 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 533 MB/s; signaling voltages the same as AGP 1x; AGP 4x ...

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Accelerated Graphics Port, Accelerated Graphics Port - Versions of AGP, Accelerated Graphics Port - Compatibility, Accelerated Graphics Port - AGP vs PCI, Accelerated Graphics Port - Use Today

Read more here: » Accelerated Graphics Port: Encyclopedia II - Accelerated Graphics Port - Versions of AGP

In 1925, Walter Gifford, then president of AT&T, established Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc as a separate entity which took over work previously conducted by the research division of Western Electric's engineering department. Half of Bell Labs was owned by Western Electric, the other half being owned by AT&T. Discoveries and inventions at Bell Labs include: 1925: Facsimile (fax) transmission first demonstrated publicly 1927: Long-distance television transmission, of images of Herbert Hoover, from Washing ...

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Bell Labs, Bell Labs - History, Bell Labs - Basis, Bell Labs - Calculators built by Bell Labs

Read more here: » Bell Labs: Encyclopedia II - Bell Labs - History

The WOW64 subsystem also handles other key aspects of running 32-bit applications. For example, it's involved in managing the interaction of 32-bit apps with the Windows registry, which is somewhat different in 64-bit versions of the OS, and in providing an interface to the storage subsystem. The operating system rather awkwardly uses the %SystemRoot%\system32 directory for its 64-bit library and executable files. When executing 32-bit applications, WOW64 redirects requests for DLLs from that directory to %SystemRoot%\sysWO ...

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WOW64, WOW64 - Translation libraries, WOW64 - Architectures, WOW64 - The registry and the file system

Read more here: » WOW64: Encyclopedia II - WOW64 - The registry and the file system

The functionality provided by the Windows API can be grouped into six categories:[1] Base Services[2] Provide access to the fundamental resources available to a Windows system. Included are things like file systems, devices, processes and threads, access to the Windows registry, and error handling. These functions reside in kernel.ex ...

See also:

Windows API, Windows API - Overview of the Windows API Components, Windows API - Web related APIs, Windows API - Multimedia related APIs, Windows API - APIs for interaction between programs, Windows API - Wrapper Libraries, Windows API - History, Windows API - Versions, Windows API - Compiler support, Windows API - Notes

Read more here: » Windows API: Encyclopedia II - Windows API - Overview of the Windows API Components

Mac OS history - Development. The Macintosh project started in early 1979 with Jef Raskin, who envisioned an easy-to-use, low-cost computer for the average consumer. In September 1979, Raskin was given permission to start hiring for the project and was, in particular, looking for an engineer that could put together a prototype. Bill Atkinson, a member of the Lisa team, introduced him to Burrell Smith, a service ...

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Mac OS history, Mac OS history - Early history, Mac OS history - Development, Mac OS history - Release, Mac OS history - System 5, Mac OS history - System 6, Mac OS history - System 7, Mac OS history - Mac OS 8, Mac OS history - Mac OS 9, Mac OS history - Mac OS X, Mac OS history - Other

Read more here: » Mac OS history: Encyclopedia II - Mac OS history - Early history

Everything in the language is defined by how it operates on the stack. When a value is encountered, it is simply pushed onto the stack; when an operator is encountered, a number of operands are popped from the stack, the operation is performed on them, and some number of results are pushed back onto the stack. For example, in the expression 1 3_+: 1 : pushes the integer 1 onto the stack 3 : pushes the integer 3 onto the stack _ : pops 3 from the stack, negates it, and pushes -3 + : pops 1 and -3 from the sta ...

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FALSE, FALSE - The stack, FALSE - Data types, FALSE - Basic operators, FALSE - Variables, FALSE - Subroutines, FALSE - Control flow, FALSE - If, FALSE - While, FALSE - Strings, FALSE - Input / Output, FALSE - Comments, FALSE - Code examples

Read more here: » FALSE: Encyclopedia II - FALSE - The stack

PC Engine - Hardware variations. PC Engine (1987) White, only RF output PC Engine Shuttle (1989) UFO-shaped system, unique expansion port (no CD option), AV output PC Engine SuperGrafx (1989) The only PC Engine unit to contain enhanced HuCard functionality. Only five games were released for it. (Two regular PC Engine releases, Darius Plus and Darius Alpha, were enhanced to utilize the extra sprite capability of the ...

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PC Engine, PC Engine - Technical specifications, PC Engine - Hardware variations, PC Engine - Other region variations, PC Engine - Unofficial variations, PC Engine - Unreleased and rumoured hardware, PC Engine - Peripheral compatibility, PC Engine - Video formats, PC Engine - CD hardware technical specifications and information

Read more here: » PC Engine: Encyclopedia II - PC Engine - Technical specifications

EVE Online is different from many other MMOG's as the player's character does not gain experience points by actions or by completing tasks. Instead, the player "learns" skills by training a specific skill over time - which is determined by your attributes and how many "skill points" a certain skill has. This allows all players, regardless of their time commitments, to advance their characters' skills at a roughly equal (but not fixed) rate. The skill training systems is connected with your attributes; Intelligence, Perception, Charism ...

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EVE Online, EVE Online - Background, EVE Online - Gameplay, EVE Online - Major Content Patches, EVE Online - Gemini, EVE Online - Castor, EVE Online - Exodus, EVE Online - Cold War Edition, EVE Online - Red Moon Rising, EVE Online - Kali, EVE Online - Growth and Instability, EVE Online - Ships

Read more here: » EVE Online: Encyclopedia II - EVE Online - Gameplay

Game Boy micro - Criticism. Because the Micro is so small, it relies heavily on proprietary (nonstandard) ports. There has been much criticism that many Game Boy Advance functions do not work on the Micro. While the headphone jack port has been restored, gamers must buy two link cables (GBM-GBM and GBM-GBA) to restore full multiplayer functionality. The Nintendo.com store lists the two cables at $9.95 and $7.95 respectively. The GameCube-Game Boy Advance cable also does not work with the Micro. A user by the name ...

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Game Boy micro, Game Boy micro - Design and specifications, Game Boy micro - Software, Game Boy micro - Packaging, Game Boy micro - Release and Sales, Game Boy micro - Reaction, Game Boy micro - Criticism, Game Boy micro - Praise, Game Boy micro - Trivia, Game Boy micro - Gallery

Read more here: » Game Boy micro: Encyclopedia II - Game Boy micro - Reaction

Four independent sound channels (one noise and 3 melodic) using the Texas Instruments SN76489 sound chip Built-in hardware support included: pluggable ROMs, directly or via "Sideways" daughterboard tape interface (with motor control), using a variation of the Kansas City standard data encoding scheme Centronics parallel printer (model B only) serial communication (using RS-423, a superset of RS-232) display output for TV, RGB or 1v p-p video monitor four analo ...

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BBC Micro, BBC Micro - Background, BBC Micro - Market impact, BBC Micro - Description, BBC Micro - Hardware features Models A and B, BBC Micro - Software and expandability, BBC Micro - Successor machines and the retro scene, BBC Micro - Specifications, BBC Micro - Trivia

Read more here: » BBC Micro: Encyclopedia II - BBC Micro - Specifications

The Apple IIGS was an innovative computer with many improvements over the older Apple IIe and Apple IIc. It used the new Western Design Center 65816 16-bit microprocessor running at 2.8 MHz, which was faster than the 8-bit 6502 and 65C02 processors used in earlier Apple IIs and also allowed the IIGS to use more RAM. It also included enhanced graphics and sound, which led to its name. The graphics of the IIGS were the best of the Apple II series, with new Super High Resolution (SHR) video modes. Th ...

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Apple IIGS, Apple IIGS - Background, Apple IIGS - Hardware features, Apple IIGS - Hardware revisions, Apple IIGS - Graphics modes, Apple IIGS - Audio features, Apple IIGS - Expansion capabilities, Apple IIGS - Development and codenames, Apple IIGS - Influence on later computers, Apple IIGS - Software features, Apple IIGS - 8-bit Apple II compatibility, Apple IIGS - Apple IIGS System Software, Apple IIGS - Multitasking Capability, Apple IIGS - Trivia

Read more here: » Apple IIGS: Encyclopedia II - Apple IIGS - Hardware features

Data General - Origin founding and early years: The Nova and SuperNova. Data General (DG) formed when several engineers from Digital Equipment Corporation were frustrated with management and left to form their own company. In this case the main protagonists were Edson De Castro, Henry Burkhardt III, and Richard Sogge of Digital Equipment (DEC), and Herbert Richman of Fairchild Semiconductor. The company was incorporated ...

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Data General, Data General - History, Data General - Origin founding and early years: The Nova and SuperNova, Data General - Late 70s to late 80s: Crisis and a short term solution, Data General - Data General-One, Data General - Lock-in or no lock-in?, Data General - AViiON, Data General - The final downturn and the takeover by EMC; life after death, Data General - Software, Data General - Notable alumni

Read more here: » Data General: Encyclopedia II - Data General - History

The PC-FX was designed based on a new 32-bit development kit by NEC called "Iron Man". Iron Man was designed in 1992, at the time the PC Engine was quite popular in Japan. It was around the time of the first running demonstration units in mid 1992 that NEC started discussing an imminent release of an Iron Man based system with its many third party developers. Many PC Engine developers seemed upset and disinterested since the PC Engine market was still growing, as a result NEC halted work on the Iron Man and continued making modifications to ...

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PC-FX, PC-FX - History, PC-FX - Technical specifications

Read more here: » PC-FX: Encyclopedia II - PC-FX - History

Work on PCI began at Intel circa 1990. PCI 1.0, which was merely a component-level specification, was released June 22, 1992. PCI 2.0, which was the first to establish standards for the connector and motherboard slot, was released on April 30, 1993. PCI was immediately put to use in servers, replacing MCA and EISA as the server expansion bus of choice. In mainstream PCs, PCI was slower to replace VESA Local Bus (VLB), and did not gain significant market penetration until late 1994 in second-generation Pentium PCs. By 1996 VLB was all ...

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Peripheral Component Interconnect, Peripheral Component Interconnect - History, Peripheral Component Interconnect - Configuration, Peripheral Component Interconnect - Conventional PCI bus specifications, Peripheral Component Interconnect - Conventional PCI variants, Peripheral Component Interconnect - Other PCI variants

Read more here: » Peripheral Component Interconnect: Encyclopedia II - Peripheral Component Interconnect - History

Opteron - The two key capabilities. Feature-wise, Opteron combines two important capabilities in a single processor die: native execution of legacy x86 32-bit applications without speed penalties native execution of native x86-64 64-bit applications (linear-addressing beyond 4 GB RAM) The first capability is notable because at the time of Opteron's introduction, the only other 64-bit processor architecture marketed with 32-bit x86 compatibility (Intel's Itanium) ran x86 ...

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Opteron, Opteron - Technical description, Opteron - The two key capabilities, Opteron - Multi-processor features, Opteron - Multi-core Opterons, Opteron - Low-end: Socket 939, Opteron - Models, Opteron - Opteron 130 nm SOI, Opteron - Opteron 90 nm SOI

Read more here: » Opteron: Encyclopedia II - Opteron - Technical description