Microprocessor - The first microprocessors. As with many advances in technology, the microprocessor was an idea whose time had come. Three projects arguably delivered a complete microprocessor at about the same time, Intel's 4004, Texas Instruments' TMS 1000, and Garrett AiResearch's Central Air Data Computer. In 1968, Garrett was invited to produce a digital computer to compete with electromechanical systems then under development for the main flight control computer in the US Navy's new F-14 Tomcat fight ...

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Microprocessor, Microprocessor - History, Microprocessor - The first microprocessors, Microprocessor - Notable 8-bit designs, Microprocessor - 16-bit designs, Microprocessor - 32-bit designs, Microprocessor - 64-bit microchips on the desktop, Microprocessor - RISC, Microprocessor - Special-purpose microprocessors, Microprocessor - Design concepts, Microprocessor - Market statistics, Microprocessor - Common µPs; architectures, Microprocessor - Notes

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History of computer and video games - Coin-op Games: Dawn of a Golden Age. Main articles: Golden age of arcade games, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]] ...

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History of computer and video games, History of computer and video games - The Beginning, History of computer and video games - The 1960s, History of computer and video games - The 1970s, History of computer and video games - Coin-op Games: Dawn of a Golden Age, History of computer and video games - Games on University Mainframe Computers, History of computer and video games - Early handheld games, History of computer and video games - Gaming on home computers, History of computer and video games - The first home video games 1972-1977, History of computer and video games - Early 8-bit home consoles 1977-1983, History of computer and video games - The 1980s, History of computer and video games - Bulletin Board Systems and early online gaming, History of computer and video games - Handheld LCD games, History of computer and video games - 8-bit era or 'Post-crash/Late' 8-bit era 1985-1989, History of computer and video games - The 1990s, History of computer and video games - Decline of arcades, History of computer and video games - Handhelds come of age, History of computer and video games - 16-bit era 1989-1994, History of computer and video games - 32-bit / 64-bit era 1994 - 1999, History of computer and video games - The 2000s, History of computer and video games - Sixth generation era 1998 - 2004, History of computer and video games - Seventh generation 2004 - present

Read more here: » History of computer and video games: Encyclopedia II - History of computer and video games - The 1970s

Microcontroller - AMCC. Until May 2004, these µCs were developed and marketed by IBM, whose 4xx family was sold to Applied Micro Circuits Corporation. 403 PowerPC CPU PPC 403GCX 405 PowerPC CPU PPC 405EP PPC 405GP/CR PPC 405GPr PPC NPe405H/L 440 PowerPC Book-E CPU PPC 440GP PPC 440GX ...

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Microcontroller, Microcontroller - Description, Microcontroller - Common microcontrollers, Microcontroller - AMCC, Microcontroller - Atmel, Microcontroller - Cypress MicroSystems, Microcontroller - Freescale Semiconductor, Microcontroller - Fujitsu, Microcontroller - Holtek, Microcontroller - Intel, Microcontroller - Microchip, Microcontroller - National Semiconductor, Microcontroller - NEC, Microcontroller - Philips Semiconductors, Microcontroller - Renesas Tech. Corp., Microcontroller - STMicroelectronics, Microcontroller - Texas Instruments, Microcontroller - Toshiba, Microcontroller - Western Design Center, Microcontroller - Ubicom, Microcontroller - Xilinx, Microcontroller - ZiLOG, Microcontroller - ...And endless BASIC programmed MCUs

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The 64DD was announced at 1995's Nintendo Shoshinkai game show event (now called Spaceworld). However, the 64DD was only released in Japan on December 1, 1999. Nintendo, anticipating that their long planned out disc drive peripheral would become a commercial failure, sold the system through a subscription service called RANDnet rather than selling the system directly to consumers or to retail outlets. As a result, the 64DD was only supported by Nintendo for a short period of time. With the release of the Nintendo GameCube, many games that had been released or were still in development for the 64 ...

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Nintendo 64DD, Nintendo 64DD - History, Nintendo 64DD - Hardware, Nintendo 64DD - Accessories, Nintendo 64DD - RANDnetDD, Nintendo 64DD - Legacy, Nintendo 64DD - Software, Nintendo 64DD - Creation Softwares/Games, Nintendo 64DD - Games, Nintendo 64DD - Rare Games, Nintendo 64DD - Unreleased Games

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Consider a simple system built around an 8-bit microprocessor. Such a CPU might provide 16 address lines, allowing it to address up to 64K bytes (65,535 bytes) of memory. On such a system, perhaps the first 32K of address space would be allotted to Random access memory (RAM), a further 16K to Read only memory (ROM) and the remainder to a variety of other devices such as timers, counters, video display chips, sound generating devices, and so forth. The hardware of the system is arranged so that devices on the address bus will only respond to ...

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Memory-mapped I/O, Memory-mapped I/O - Relative merits of the two I/O methods, Memory-mapped I/O - Example

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The world's first commercial microprocessor was the Intel 4004, released on November 15, 1971. The 4004 processed 4 binary digits (bits) of data in parallel; in other words, it was a 4-bit processor. At the turn of the century 30 years later, microcomputers in embedded systems (built into home appliances, vehicles, and all sorts of equipment) most often are 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, or 64-bit. Desktop/consumer microcomputers, like Apple Macintosh and PCs, are predominantly 32-bit but increasingly 64-bit, while most science and engineering workstations and supercomputers as well as database and financial transaction se ...

See also:

Microcomputer, Microcomputer - History

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Minicomputer - 1960s: Origin; 1970s: Market entrenchment. The term "minicomputer" evolved in the 1960s to describe the "small" third generation computers that became possible with the use of transistor and core memory technologies. They usually took up one or a few cabinets, compared with mainframes that would usually fill a room. The first successful minicomputer was Digital Equipment Corporation's 12-bit PDP-8, which cost from ...

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Minicomputer, Minicomputer - History, Minicomputer - 1960s: Origin; 1970s: Market entrenchment, Minicomputer - Mid-1980s 1990s: The minis give way to the micros, Minicomputer - The minicomputer's industrial impact and heritage, Minicomputer - List of some notable minicomputers

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The CD32 could be enhanced using these devices: ProModule, Paravision SX-1 and DCE SX-32 (which optionally includes 68030 CPU). Those devices extended the capability of Amiga CD32, allowing it to utilize hardware such as an external 3.5" floppy disk drive, hard disk and IBM PC keyboard. An Amiga CD32 could be turned into a de facto Amiga 1200 via the addition of 3rd party packages. The SX-1 appeared to have been designed around Commodore's mechanical specs and not the actual production units – it did not fit very well and required a ...

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Amiga CD32, Amiga CD32 - Technical specifications, Amiga CD32 - Software, Amiga CD32 - Uses of the CD32

Read more here: » Amiga CD32: Encyclopedia II - Amiga CD32 - Technical specifications

Windows 98 Second Edition (Windows 98 SE) was released on June 10, 1999, it is a similar release when compared to service packs in 2005. It included fixes for many minor issues, the replacement of Internet Explorer 4 with the significantly faster and lighter Internet Explorer 5, and Internet Connection Sharing, which allowed multiple computers on a LAN to share a single Internet connection through NAT. Also added was Netmeeting 3, and support for DVD Playback. It was a successful product, though it was not ...

See also:

Windows 98, Windows 98 - Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows 98 - External link

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Critics of the term refer to it as "Meaningless Indication of Processor Speed" or "Meaningless Information on Performance for Salespeople." In Linux and UNIX circles MIPS are often referred to as bogoMIPS. MIPS are certainly not comparable between CPU architectures. The floating-point arithmetic equivalent of MIPS is FLOPS, to which the same cautions apply. In the 1970s, minicomputer performance was compared using VAX MIPS, where computers were measured on a task and their performance rated against the VAX ...

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Instructions per second, Instructions per second - Thousand instructions per second, Instructions per second - Million instructions per second, Instructions per second - Timeline of instructions per second

Read more here: » Instructions per second: Encyclopedia II - Instructions per second - Million instructions per second

The Game Boy Advance is backward compatible with most games previously released for the Game Boy or the Game Boy Color, as well as new software developed to take advantage of the new technical capabilities of the system. It is powered by two AA batteries, which give about 15–30 hours of play time, as well as an optional power supply that plugs directly into the GBA's battery bracket. See also:

Game Boy Advance, Game Boy Advance - Hardware, Game Boy Advance - Processors, Game Boy Advance - Display, Game Boy Advance - Graphics, Game Boy Advance - Media, Game Boy Advance - Connectivity, Game Boy Advance - Models, Game Boy Advance - Game Boy Advance original model, Game Boy Advance - Game Boy Advance SP, Game Boy Advance - Game Boy micro, Game Boy Advance - Accessories, Game Boy Advance - Unofficial accessories, Game Boy Advance - Sales and marketing, Game Boy Advance - Games, Game Boy Advance - Screenshots

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The current revision of the Power Mac G5 is available in three, dual-core PowerPC G5 configurations, operating at 2.0, 2.3, and a dual-processor 2.5 GHz configuration (the latter containing four cores in total, two per processor). The G5 processor is a common name given to several different chips manufactured by IBM: PowerPC 970, PowerPC 970FX, and PowerPC 970MP, based upon IBM’s Power4 processor. Prices range from US$1999 for the dual-core 2.0GHz configuration to US$3299 for a quad-core 2.5GHz configuration. The older, single-core, dual-p ...

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Power Mac G5, Power Mac G5 - Introduction, Power Mac G5 - PowerPC G5 processor, Power Mac G5 - Product revision history, Power Mac G5 - A partial list of official firmware updates

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In the 32-bit era the Sega Saturn, although the technically more advanced console, suffered from poor marketing and comparatively limited third-party support. Sega's decision to use dual processors has been roundly criticised, and some wrongly believe the second CPU was added as a "panic" response to the Sony PlayStation's specifications. It has been said that only Sega's first-party developers were ever able to utilize the second CPU effectively. The Saturn was the more difficult console to program for, and therefore the 3D graphics on it's 3rd party games often lacked the lustre of the PlayStation or Nintendo ...

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Console wars, Console wars - General Concepts found in System wars, Console wars - The original console wars, Console wars - Personal computer wars, Console wars - ZX Spectrum vs. Commodore 64, Console wars - Amiga vs. Atari ST, Console wars - The 8-bit era, Console wars - Worldwide Sales Figures, Console wars - The handheld wars, Console wars - World Wide Sales Figures, Console wars - The 16-bit era, Console wars - World Wide Sales, Console wars - The 32-bit / 64-bit era, Console wars - World Wide Sales Figures, Console wars - Current generation era, Console wars - World Wide Sales Figures, Console wars - The current-gen handheld war, Console wars - Current System Sales, Console wars - The next-generation war

Read more here: » Console wars: Encyclopedia II - Console wars - The 32-bit / 64-bit era

Magnetic core memory - How core memory works. The most common form of core memory, X/Y line coincident-current – used for the main memory of a computer, consists of a large number of small ferrite (ferromagnetic ceramic) rings, cores, held together in a grid structure (each grid called a plane), with wires woven through the holes in the cores' middle. In early systems there were four wires, X, Y, Sense and Inhibit, but later cores combined the latter two wires in ...

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Magnetic core memory, Magnetic core memory - History, Magnetic core memory - Description, Magnetic core memory - How core memory works, Magnetic core memory - Reading and writing, Magnetic core memory - Physical characteristics, Magnetic core memory - Core trivia

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Direct Client-to-Client - DCC CHAT. The CHAT service enables users to chat with each other over a DCC connection. The traffic will go directly between the users, and not over the IRC network. When compared to sending messages normally, this reduces IRC network load, allows sending of larger amounts of text at once, due to the lack of flood control, and makes the communication more secure by not exposing the message to the IRC servers (the message is still in plaintext, though). DCC CHAT is normally initiated using a CTCP handshake. The user wishing ...

See also:

Direct Client-to-Client, Direct Client-to-Client - Common DCC applications, Direct Client-to-Client - DCC CHAT, Direct Client-to-Client - DCC SEND, Direct Client-to-Client - DCC XMIT, Direct Client-to-Client - Passive DCC, Direct Client-to-Client - File servers FSERVs

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The primary mechanisms for making money from closed-source software all seem to involve imposition of artificial scarcity constraints on something that, by its nature, can be very easily and cheaply copied and distributed. It has famously been said that "information wants to be free"; closed-source vendors would counter this by saying that "information providers want to be paid". Thus, they impose various limitations on what can be done with their software, first of all by usually not giving customers access to the source code, and then back ...

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Open source vs. closed source, Open source vs. closed source - Making money, Open source vs. closed source - Support, Open source vs. closed source - Innovation, Open source vs. closed source - Compatibility, Open source vs. closed source - Freedom, Open source vs. closed source - Control, Open source vs. closed source - Integration, Open source vs. closed source - Missing technological components, Open source vs. closed source - Security

Read more here: » Open source vs. closed source: Encyclopedia II - Open source vs. closed source - Making money

In the interest of evaluating Titor's claims more precisely, here are some of the slightly less vague predictions that can be derived from his writings. The following predictions are from johntitor.com, along with the exact quotes on which they are based. It is useful to note that Titor stated that he had no interest in "proving" that he was a time traveler, and many of his "predictions" were offhand comments or answers to specific questions. This section was entered in its original form shortly before the 2004 Presidential election. All Titor quotes in the section are from the www. ...

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John Titor, John Titor - Overview, John Titor - Titor's description of the future, John Titor - Titor's predictions in detail, John Titor - Iraq War, John Titor - 2008 Olympics, John Titor - Civil unrest, John Titor - Civil war, John Titor - Nuclear war, John Titor - China's conquest of Asian nations, John Titor - CERN's research, John Titor - Mad cow disease, John Titor - Genetically-modified food, John Titor - Quantum physics, John Titor - IBM 5100, John Titor - Religion in America, John Titor - View of the present in the future, John Titor - The question of inevitability, John Titor - Divergence of worldlines, John Titor - Criticism of Titor's claims, John Titor - Falsifiability, John Titor - Titor and the Year 2038 Problem, John Titor - Titor in other media, John Titor - First Titor, John Titor - Footnotes

Read more here: » John Titor: Encyclopedia II - John Titor - Titor's predictions in detail

The i860 combined a number of features that were unique at the time, most notably its VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) architecture and powerful support for high-speed floating point operations. The design mounted a 32-bit ALU along with a 64-bit FPU that was itself built in three parts, an adder, a multiplier, and a graphics processor. The system had separate pipelines for the ALU, adder and multiplier, and c ...

See also:

Intel i860, Intel i860 - Technical features, Intel i860 - Performance problems, Intel i860 - Versions Applications

Read more here: » Intel i860: Encyclopedia II - Intel i860 - Technical features

Dynamic-link library - Memory management. In Win32, the DLL files are organized into sections. Each section has its own set of attributes, such as being writable or read-only, executable (for code) or non-executable (for data), and so on. The code sections of a DLL are usually shared among all the processes that use the DLL; that is, they occupy a single place in physical memory, and do not take up space in the page file. If the physical memory occupied by a code section is to be reclaimed, its contents are discarded, and later ...

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Dynamic-link library, Dynamic-link library - Background, Dynamic-link library - Features, Dynamic-link library - Memory management, Dynamic-link library - Symbol resolution and binding, Dynamic-link library - Explicit run-time linking, Dynamic-link library - Compiler and language considerations, Dynamic-link library - Delphi, Dynamic-link library - Microsoft Visual Basic, Dynamic-link library - C and C++, Dynamic-link library - Programming examples

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1.TR.6 -- 100BaseFX -- 100BaseTX -- 100BaseT -- 100BaseVG -- 100VG-AnyLAN -- 10base2 -- 10base5 -- 10baseT -- 120 reset -- 16-bit -- 16-bit application -- 16550 UART -- 1NF -- 1TBS -- 2.PAK -- 20-Gate programming language -- 20-GATE -- 28-bit -- 2B1D -- 2B1Q -- 2D -- 2NF -- 3-tier (computing) -- 32-bit application -- 32-bit -- 320xx microprocessor -- 320xx -- 386BSD -- 386SPART.PAR -- 3Com Corporation -- 3DO -- 3D computer graphics -- 3GL -- 3NF -- 3Station -- 4.2BSD -- 404 error -- 431A -- 473L Query programming language -- 486SX -- 4GL -- 4NF -- 51forth programming language -- 56 kbit/s ...

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List of computing topics, List of computing topics - 0–9, List of computing topics - A, List of computing topics - B, List of computing topics - C, List of computing topics - D, List of computing topics - E, List of computing topics - F, List of computing topics - G, List of computing topics - H, List of computing topics - I, List of computing topics - J, List of computing topics - K, List of computing topics - L, List of computing topics - M, List of computing topics - N, List of computing topics - O, List of computing topics - P, List of computing topics - Q, List of computing topics - R, List of computing topics - S, List of computing topics - T, List of computing topics - U, List of computing topics - V, List of computing topics - W, List of computing topics - X, List of computing topics - Y, List of computing topics - Z

Read more here: » List of computing topics: Encyclopedia II - List of computing topics - 0–9

OpenVMS can be divided into three layers: The kernel, made up of input/output, memory management, and process/time management subsystems. Core services, made up of DCL (DIGITAL Command Language), RMS (Record Management Services), DECwindows (OpenVMS's X11 compliant windowing system), and the run-time libraries. Utility programs for support, system management, and programming. See also:

OpenVMS, OpenVMS - History, OpenVMS - Origin and name changes, OpenVMS - Port to DEC Alpha, OpenVMS - Port to Intel Itanium, OpenVMS - Features, OpenVMS - Clustering, OpenVMS - Common Language Environment, OpenVMS - File system, OpenVMS - Timekeeping, OpenVMS - Run-time Libraries, OpenVMS - OpenVMS Hobbyist Program, OpenVMS - Central OpenVMS-related topics

Read more here: » OpenVMS: Encyclopedia II - OpenVMS - Features