302 BC

Stephen of Taron: Histoire Universelle par Étienne Asolik de Taron, transl. F. Macler, 2e partie, livre III (888-1004), Paris 1917 Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio, ed. G. Moravcsik and R.J.H. Jenkins, Dumbarton Oaks 1967 Aristakes Lastivert: Récit des malheurs de la nation arménienne, transl. M. Canard and H. Berberian, Brussels 1973 John Scylitzes: Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum, ed. I. Thurn, Berlin – New York 1973 Elishe: History of Vardan and the Armenian War, transl. R.W. Thomson, Cambridge, Mass. 1982 The Life of Kartli: Das Leben Kartlis. Eine Chronik aus Georgien ...

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Tao-Klarjeti, Tao-Klarjeti - History, Tao-Klarjeti - Early history, Tao-Klarjeti - Tao-Klarjeti in the 9th-11th centuries, Tao-Klarjeti - Later history, Tao-Klarjeti - Architecture, Tao-Klarjeti - Bagratid Rulers of Tao-Klarjeti, Tao-Klarjeti - Kartli-line of the Iberian Bagratids, Tao-Klarjeti - Tao-line of the Iberian Bagratids, Tao-Klarjeti - Second House of Tao, Tao-Klarjeti - Klarjeti-line of the Iberian Bagratids, Tao-Klarjeti - Sources

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Taranto became the capital of a Norman principality, whose first ruler was Robert Guiscard's son, Bohemond of Taranto, who obtained it as result of succession dispute: his father repudiated his first wife, Bohemond's mother, and had Roger Borsa, his son by his second wife Sikelgaita, succeed him as Duke of Apulia. Bohemond was compensated with Taranto and lands that covered almost all of the heel of Apulia. The principality of Taranto, during its 377 years of history, was sometimes a powerful and almost independent feudal fief of the Kingdom of Sicily (and later of Naples), sometimes only a title, often given to ...

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Taranto, Taranto - The Greek period, Taranto - Foundation and splendour, Taranto - Wars against Rome, Taranto - Roman and Byzantine periods, Taranto - Roman Republic and Empire, Taranto - Byzantine Longobard Arab and Norman dominations, Taranto - Principality of Taranto 1088-1465, Taranto - From Renaissance to unification, Taranto - Modern times

Read more here: » Taranto: Encyclopedia II - Taranto - Principality of Taranto 1088-1465

Tao-Klarjeti - Kartli-line of the Iberian Bagratids. Ashot I Kuropalates (end of the 8th cent. / 813-830) Bagrat I Kuropalates (830-876), co-rulers: Adarnase (830-c.870) and Guaram Mampali (d. 882) David I Kuropalates (876-881) Adarnase I Kuropalates (881-923), King of the Georgians (888-923) David II Magistros (923-937) Ashot II Kuropalates (937-954) Sumbat I Kuropalates (954-958) See also:

Tao-Klarjeti, Tao-Klarjeti - History, Tao-Klarjeti - Early history, Tao-Klarjeti - Tao-Klarjeti in the 9th-11th centuries, Tao-Klarjeti - Later history, Tao-Klarjeti - Architecture, Tao-Klarjeti - Bagratid Rulers of Tao-Klarjeti, Tao-Klarjeti - Kartli-line of the Iberian Bagratids, Tao-Klarjeti - Tao-line of the Iberian Bagratids, Tao-Klarjeti - Second House of Tao, Tao-Klarjeti - Klarjeti-line of the Iberian Bagratids, Tao-Klarjeti - Sources

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According to the Greek mythology, Colchis was a fabulously wealthy land situated on the mysterious periphery of the heroic world. Here in the sacred grove of the war god Ares, King Aeetes hung the Golden Fleece until it was seized by Jason and the Argonauts. Colchis was also the land where the mythological Prometheus was punished by being chained to a mountain while an eagle ate at his liver for revealing to humanity the secret of fire. Amazons also were said to be of Scythian origin from Colchis. The main mythical characters from Colchis are Aeetes, ...

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Colchis, Colchis - Geography and toponyms, Colchis - History, Colchis - Earliest times, Colchis - Qulha Kolkha, Colchis - Greek colonization, Colchis - Under Pontus, Colchis - Under the Roman rule, Colchis - Rulers, Colchis - Colchis in Greek mythology

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Little is known of the rulers of Colchis; Aeetes celebrated in Greek legends as a powerful king of Colchis is thought by some historians to be a historic person, though there is no evidence to support the idea. Kuji, a presiding prince (eristavi) of Egrisi under the authority of Pharnavaz I of Iberia (ca302-237 BC) (according to the medieval Georgian annals). Akes (Basileus Aku) (end of the 4th century BC), king of Colchis; his name is found on a coin issued by him. See also:

Colchis, Colchis - Geography and toponyms, Colchis - History, Colchis - Earliest times, Colchis - Qulha Kolkha, Colchis - Greek colonization, Colchis - Under Pontus, Colchis - Under the Roman rule, Colchis - Rulers, Colchis - Colchis in Greek mythology

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According to most classic authors, a district which was bounded on the southwest by Pontus, on the west by the Pontus Euxinus as far as the river Corax (probably the present day Bziphi, Abkhazia), on the north by the chain of the Greater Caucasus, which lay between it and Asiatic Sarmatia, on the east by Iberia and Montes Moschici (now the Lesser Caucasus), and on the south by Armenia. There is some little difference in authors as to the extent of the country westward: thus Strabo makes Colchis begin at Trapezus, while Ptolemy, on the other hand, extends Pontus to the river Phasis. ...

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Colchis, Colchis - Geography and toponyms, Colchis - History, Colchis - Earliest times, Colchis - Qulha Kolkha, Colchis - Greek colonization, Colchis - Under Pontus, Colchis - Under the Roman rule, Colchis - Rulers, Colchis - Colchis in Greek mythology

Read more here: » Colchis: Encyclopedia II - Colchis - Geography and toponyms

In 30 BC, following the death of Cleopatra, Egypt became part of the Roman Empire as the province Aegyptus, governed by a prefect selected by the Emperor from the Equestrian and not a governor from the Senatorial order, to prevent interference by the Roman Senate. The main Roman interest in Egypt was always the reliable delivery of grain to the city of Rome. To this end the Roman administration made no change to the Ptolemaic system of government, although Romans replaced Greeks in the highest offices. But Greeks continued to staff most of t ...

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History of Greek and Roman Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemaic Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy I, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy II, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy III, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - The decline of the Ptolemies, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - The later Ptolemies, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Roman Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Roman rule in Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Christian Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Byzantine Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Persian and Arab Conquests

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The Persian occupation of Egypt, beginning in 619 or 618, was one of the triumphs in the last Sasanian war against Byzantium. Khosrow II Parvêz, of the revived Persian Empire had begun this war in retaliation for the assassination of the emperor Mauricius (582-602) and had achieved a series of early successes, culminating in the conquests of Jerusalem (614) and Alexandria (619). A Byzantine counteroffensive launched by Heraclius in spring 622 shifted the advantage, however, and the war was brought to an end by the fall of Khosrow on 25 Febr ...

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History of Greek and Roman Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemaic Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy I, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy II, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy III, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - The decline of the Ptolemies, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - The later Ptolemies, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Roman Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Roman rule in Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Christian Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Byzantine Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Persian and Arab Conquests

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Persian and Byzantine conquest destroyed rule and replaced the hereditary king with a hereditary prince who continued to fight until they finally regained power with the dawn of the Arabs in the seventh century. The following is a list of those princes: List of the Kings of Georgia - Prince of Iberia. Guaram I (588-590) Stephanoz I (590-627) Adarnase I (627-637) Stephanoz II (637- 650) Adarnase II (650-684) Guaram II (684-693) Guaram III (693-748) Adarnase III Nersiani (748-760) ...

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List of the Kings of Georgia, List of the Kings of Georgia - Ancient Iberia, List of the Kings of Georgia - Pharnavazians, List of the Kings of Georgia - Arsacids, List of the Kings of Georgia - Nimrodids or Second Pharnavazian dynasty, List of the Kings of Georgia - Chosroids, List of the Kings of Georgia - Interregnum, List of the Kings of Georgia - Prince of Iberia, List of the Kings of Georgia - House of Bagrationi, List of the Kings of Georgia - Princes and Kings of Kartli, List of the Kings of Georgia - King of All Georgia, List of the Kings of Georgia - King of Kartli, List of the Kings of Georgia - King of Kartli and Kakheti

Read more here: » List of the Kings of Georgia: Encyclopedia II - List of the Kings of Georgia - Interregnum

Taranto - Roman Republic and Empire. In 122 BC a Roman colony was founded next to Taranto, according to the law proposed by Gaius Sempronius Gracchus. The colony was named Neptunia, after the Roman sea god Neptune, worshipped by the Tarentines. The Roman colony was separate from the Greek city, and populated by Roman colons, but it was later unified to the main centre when Taranto become a municipium, in 89 BC. In 38 BC Mark Antony, Octavianus and Lepidus signed the Treaty of Tare ...

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Taranto, Taranto - The Greek period, Taranto - Foundation and splendour, Taranto - Wars against Rome, Taranto - Roman and Byzantine periods, Taranto - Roman Republic and Empire, Taranto - Byzantine Longobard Arab and Norman dominations, Taranto - Principality of Taranto 1088-1465, Taranto - From Renaissance to unification, Taranto - Modern times

Read more here: » Taranto: Encyclopedia II - Taranto - Roman and Byzantine periods