301 BC - Article Index

Encyclopedia - 301 Bc: Encyclopedia - 301 Bc
Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great
Alexander the Great (in Greek Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, transliterated Megas Alexandros; born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stoicism: Encyclopedia - Stoicism
Stoicism is a school of philosophy founded (308 BC) in Athens by Zeno of Citium (Cyprus). It teaches self-control and detachment from dis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire
The Seleucid Empire was one of several political states founded after the death of Alexander the Great, whose generals squabbled over th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antigonus Ii Gonatas: Encyclopedia - Antigonus Ii Gonatas
Antigonus II Gonatas (c. 319 BC—239 BC) was a powerful ruler who definitely established the Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia and acquired...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antigonus I Monophthalmus: Encyclopedia - Antigonus I Monophthalmus
Antigonus I Cyclops or Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed", so called from his having lost an eye) (382 BC - 301 BC) was a Macedonian nobleman,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Elephant: Encyclopedia - War Elephant
War elephants were important, although not widespread, weapons in ancient military history. Their main use was in charges, to trample the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coele-syria: Encyclopedia - Coele-syria
Coele-Syria, meaning 'hollow' Syria, was the region of southern Syria disputed between the Seleucid dynasty and the Ptolemaic dynasty. St...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antiochus I Soter: Encyclopedia - Antiochus I Soter
Antiochus I Soter (i.e. "Saviour") (324/​323-​262/​261 BC), was an emperor of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. He reigned from 281 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 299 Bc: Encyclopedia - 299 Bc
Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 296 Bc: Encyclopedia - 296 Bc
Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 303 Bc: Encyclopedia - 303 Bc
Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC - 300s BC - 290s BC 280s BC ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 302 Bc: Encyclopedia - 302 Bc
Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 300 Bc: Encyclopedia - 300 Bc
Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC - 300s BC - 290s BC 280s BC ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 298 Bc: Encyclopedia - 298 Bc
Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 304 Bc: Encyclopedia - 304 Bc
Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 297 Bc: Encyclopedia - 297 Bc
Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicaea: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicaea - Description
The city lies in a fertile basin at the eastern end of the Ascanian Lake (Turkish: İznik Gölü), bounded by ranges of hills to the nort...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diadochi: Encyclopedia Ii - Diadochi - Wars Of The Diadochi 322-301 Bc
Diadochi - First War of the Diadochi 322-320 BC. Soon, however, conflict broke out. Perdiccas's marriage to Alexander's sister Cleopatr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Elephant: Encyclopedia Ii - War Elephant - History
Elephant taming began in the Indus valley around 4,000 years ago. Taming is not used here as a synonym of domestication. Domesticated ani...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greek And Roman Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greek And Roman Egypt - Ptolemaic Egypt
In 332 BC Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, conquered Egypt, with little resistance from the Persians. He was welcomed by the Egyptia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Period Of Conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rulers Of Damascus: Encyclopedia Ii - Rulers Of Damascus - Ummayad Dynasty
Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs. Khalid ibn al-Walid (635-636) Abu Ubaid (636-637) Amr ibn al-Aas (637-640) Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan (6...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - The Partition Of Alexander's Empire 323-281 Bc
Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire within a short time-frame and died young, leaving an expansive empire of partly Hell...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stoicism: Encyclopedia Ii - Stoicism - Quotations
Collection of various Stoic quotes: Epictetus: “Wherever I go, it will be well with me.” "When I see a man in a state of anxiety, I ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Elephant: Encyclopedia Ii - War Elephant - History
Elephant taming began in the Indus valley around 4,000 years ago. Taming is not used here as a synonym of domestication. Domesticated ani...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Dictator: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Dictator - Powers And Abilities
The dictatorship was limited to six months, and no instances occur in which a person held this office for a longer time, save for the dic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antigonus Ii Gonatas: Encyclopedia Ii - Antigonus Ii Gonatas - King Of Macedonia
Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus. Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, Macedonia's Western neighbour, was a general of mercurial ab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucus I Nicator: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucus I Nicator - Early Career & Ascent To Power
Seleucus was the son of Antiochus, one of Philip's generals, and of Laodice. In 333 BC, as a young man of about twenty-three, he accompan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Dictator: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Dictator - Powers And Abilities
The dictatorship was limited to six months, and no instances occur in which a person held this office for a longer time, save for the dic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iznik: Encyclopedia Ii - Iznik - Description
The city lies in a fertile basin at the eastern end of the Ascanian Lake (Turkish: İznik Gölü), bounded by ranges of hills to the nort...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Period Of Conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shu State: Encyclopedia Ii - Shu State - History
Shu is first mentioned in history as an alliance member with Zhou in overthrowing the Shang Dynasty, taking part in the Battle of Muye. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hellenistic Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Hellenistic Greece - Macedonian Dominance
The conquests of Alexander had a number of consequences for the Greek city-states. It greatly widened the horizons of the Greeks, making ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Period Of Conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 40,000 soldiers---primar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - The Partition Of Alexander's Empire 323-281 Bc
Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire within a short time-frame and died young, leaving an expansive empire of partly Hell...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stoicism: Encyclopedia Ii - Stoicism - Quotations
Collection of various Stoic quotes: Epictetus: “Wherever I go, it will be well with me.” "When I see a man in a state of anxiety, I ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - The Army Of Alexander The Great Before The Battle Of Gaugamela
The army of Alexander was, for the most part, that of his father Philip. It was composed of light and heavy troops and some engineers, me...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Death
On the afternoon of June 10 - 11, 323 BC, Alexander died of a mysterious illness in the palace of Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon. He was ju...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Alexander's Character
Modern opinion on Alexander has run the gamut from the idea that he believed he was on a divinely-inspired mission to unite the human rac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Legacy And Division Of The Empire
After Alexander's death, his empire was divided among his officers, mostly with the pretense of first preserving a united kingdom. Later,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Alexander's Marriages And Sexuality
Alexander's greatest emotional attachment is generally considered to have been to his companion, cavalry commander (chiliarchos) and prob...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Early Life
Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedon and of Epirote princess Olympias. According to Plutarch (Alexander 3.1,3), Olympias wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stoicism: Encyclopedia Ii - Stoicism - History
Stoicism first appeared in Athens in the Hellenistic period around 301 BC and was introduced by Zeno of Citium. He taught in the famous s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - In Modern Media
The Seleucid Empire is one of a number of factions in the 2004 PC game Rome: Total War. The Jewish revolt Maccabee who expelled the Seleu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Ancient Sources
The ancient sources for Alexander's life are, from the perspective of ancient history, relatively numerous. Alexander himself left only a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - Collapse Of The Seleucid Empire
By 100 BC, the once formidable Seleucid Empire encompassed little more than Antioch and some Syrian cities. Despite the clear collapse of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Alexander's Legend
Alexander was a legend in his own time. His court historian Callisthenes portrayed the sea in Cilicia as drawing back from him in proskyn...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stoicism: Encyclopedia Ii - Stoicism - History
Stoicism first appeared in Athens in the Hellenistic period around 301 BC and was introduced by Zeno of Citium. He taught in the famous s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stoicism: Encyclopedia Ii - Stoicism - Stoic Ethics And Virtues
The ancient Stoics are often misunderstood because the terms they used meant different things in the past than they do today. The word st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - An Overextended Domain
Nevertheless, even before Seleucus' death, the vast eastern domains of the Seleucids were proving difficult to assert control over. Seleu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Elephant: Encyclopedia Ii - War Elephant - Tactical Use
There were plenty of military purposes for which elephants could be used. As enormous animals, they could carry heavy cargoes and provide...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - In Modern Media
The Seleucid Empire is one of a number of factions in the 2004 PC game Rome: Total War. The Jewish Maccabees, who expelled the Seleucid, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - Eclipse And Revival
By the time Antiochus II's son Seleucus II Callinicus came to the throne around 246 BC, the Seleucids seemed to be at a low ebb indeed. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Dictator: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Dictator - Establishment And History
On the establishment of the Roman republic the government of the state was entrusted to two consuls, that the citizens might be the bette...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - Civil War And Further Decay
After the death of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the Seleucid Empire became increasingly unstable. Frequent civil wars made central authority t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Dictator: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Dictator - A New Dictatorate And Abolition
After a 120-year lapse, and the falling out of Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla, the latter marched on Rome and had himself appoin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - The Power Of Rome And Renewed Disintegration
But Antiochus' glory was not to last for long. Following his erstwhile ally Philip's defeat at the hands of Rome in 197 BC, Antiochus now...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Dictator: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Dictator - A New Dictatorate And Abolishment
After a 120 year lapse, and the falling out of Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla, the latter marched on Rome and had himself appoin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Dictator: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Dictator - Establishment And History
On the establishment of the Roman republic the government of the state was entrusted to two consuls, that the citizens might be the bette...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hellenistic Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Hellenistic Greece - The Rise Of Rome
In 192 war broke out between Rome and the Seleucid ruler Antiochus III. Some Greek cities now saw Antiochus as their saviour from Roman r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antigonus Ii Gonatas: Encyclopedia Ii - Antigonus Ii Gonatas - Birth And Family
Antigonus Gonatas was born around 319 BC, probably in Gonnoi in Thessaly. He was related to the most powerful of the Diadochi (the genera...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greek And Roman Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greek And Roman Egypt - Roman Egypt
In 30 BC, following the death of Cleopatra, Egypt became part of the Roman Empire as the province Aegyptus, governed by a prefect selecte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greek And Roman Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greek And Roman Egypt - Persian And Arab Conquests
The Persian occupation of Egypt, beginning in 619 or 618, was one of the triumphs in the last Sasanian war against Byzantium. Khosrow II ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hellenistic Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Hellenistic Greece - Philip V
Antigonus II died in 239. His death saw another revolt of the Greek cities led by the Achaean League, whose dominant figure was Aratus of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antigonus Ii Gonatas: Encyclopedia Ii - Antigonus Ii Gonatas - Demetrius's General
The fate of Antigonus Gonatas, now 18, was closely tied with that of his father Demetrius who escaped from the battle with 9.000 troops. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antigonus Ii Gonatas: Encyclopedia Ii - Antigonus Ii Gonatas - In The Wilderness
In 285 BC, Demetrius, worn down by his fruitless campaign, surrendered to Seleucus. At this point he wrote to son and his commanders in A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diadochi: Encyclopedia Ii - Diadochi - The Struggle Over Macedon 298-285 Bc
The events of the next decade and a half were centered around various intrigues for control of Macedon itself. Cassander died in 298 BC, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diadochi: Encyclopedia Ii - Diadochi - The Struggle Of Lysimachus And Seleucus 285-281 Bc
Although Lysimachus and Pyrrhus had cooperated in driving Antigonus Gonatas from Thessaly and Athens, in the wake of Demetrius's capture ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diadochi: Encyclopedia Ii - Diadochi - The Gallic Invasions And Consolidation 280 - 275
Ptolemy Ceraunus was also not to enjoy the rule of Macedon for very long. The death of Lysimachus had left the Danube border of the Maced...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Death
On the afternoon of June 10 - 11, 323 BC, Alexander died of a mysterious illness in the palace of Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon. He was on...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Alexander's Marriages And Sexuality
Alexander's greatest emotional attachment is generally considered to have been to his companion, cavalry commander (chiliarchos) and prob...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Elephant: Encyclopedia Ii - War Elephant - Tactical Use
There were plenty of military purposes for which elephants could be used. As enormous animals, they could carry heavy cargoes and provide...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Early Life
Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedon and of Epirote princess Olympias. According to Plutarch (Alexander 3.1,3), Olympias wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diadochi: Encyclopedia Ii - Diadochi - Death Of Alexander 323 Bc
When Alexander the Great died (June 10, 323 BC), he left behind a huge empire which was composed of many essentially independent territor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stoicism: Encyclopedia Ii - Stoicism - Stoic Ethics And Virtues
The ancient Stoics are often misunderstood because the terms they used meant different things in the past than they do today. The word st...   » Read the article