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300 BCE | A Wisdom Archive on 300 BCE | | 300 BCE A selection of articles related to 300 BCE | |
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300 BCE, 300 BC
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 300 BCE | | | |  300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Buddhist art - Northern Buddhist artThe Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to Central Asia, China and ultimately Korea and Japan started in the 1st century CE with a semi-legendary account of an embassy sent to the West by the Chinese Emperor Ming (58-75 CE). However, extensive contacts started in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin, with the missionary efforts of a great number of Central Asian Buddhist monks to Chinese lands. The first missionaries and translators of Buddhists scriptures into Chinese, such as Lokaks ...
See also:Buddhist art, Buddhist art - Aniconic phase 5th century - 1st century BCE, Buddhist art - Iconic phase 1st century CE – present, Buddhist art - Northern Buddhist art, Buddhist art - Afghanistan, Buddhist art - Central Asia, Buddhist art - China, Buddhist art - Korea, Buddhist art - Japan, Buddhist art - Tibet and Bhutan, Buddhist art - Vietnam, Buddhist art - Southern Buddhist art, Buddhist art - Burma, Buddhist art - Cambodia, Buddhist art - Thailand, Buddhist art - Indonesia Read more here: » Buddhist art: Encyclopedia II - Buddhist art - Northern Buddhist art |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Points, lines and circles associated with a triangle There are hundreds of different constructions that find a special point inside a triangle, satisfying some unique property: see the references section for a catalogue of them. Often they are constructed by finding three lines associated in a symmetrical way with the three sides (or vertices) and then proving that the three lines meet in a single point: an important tool for proving the existence of these is Ceva's theorem, which gives a criterion for determining when three such lines are concurrent. Similarly, lines associated with a triangl ...
See also:Triangle, Triangle - Types of triangles, Triangle - Basic facts, Triangle - Points, lines and circles associated with a triangle, Triangle - Computing the area of a triangle, Triangle - Using geometry, Triangle - Using vectors, Triangle - Using trigonometry, Triangle - Using coordinates, Triangle - Using Heron's formula, Triangle - Using the side lengths and a numerically stable formula, Triangle - Non-planar triangles Read more here: » Triangle: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Points, lines and circles associated with a triangle |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Computing the area of a triangle Calculating the area of a triangle is an elementary problem encountered often in many different situations. Various approaches exist, depending on what is known about the triangle. What follows is a selection of frequently used formulae for the area of a triangle.
Triangle - Using geometry.
The area S of a triangle is S = ½bh, where b is the length of any side of the triangle (the base) and h (the altitude) is the perpendicular distance between the base and the vertex not on the base. ...
See also:Triangle, Triangle - Types of triangles, Triangle - Basic facts, Triangle - Points, lines and circles associated with a triangle, Triangle - Computing the area of a triangle, Triangle - Using geometry, Triangle - Using vectors, Triangle - Using trigonometry, Triangle - Using coordinates, Triangle - Using Heron's formula, Triangle - Using the side lengths and a numerically stable formula, Triangle - Non-planar triangles Read more here: » Triangle: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Computing the area of a triangle |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Types of triangles Triangles can be classified according to the relative lengths of their sides:
In an equilateral triangle all sides are of equal length. An equilateral triangle is also equiangular, i.e. all its internal angles are equal—namely, 60°; it is a regular polygon
In an isosceles triangle two sides are of equal length. An isosceles triangle also has two equal internal angles (namely, the angles where each of the equal sides meets the third side).
In a scalene triangle all sides have different lengths. The internal angles ...
See also:Triangle, Triangle - Types of triangles, Triangle - Basic facts, Triangle - Points, lines and circles associated with a triangle, Triangle - Computing the area of a triangle, Triangle - Using geometry, Triangle - Using vectors, Triangle - Using trigonometry, Triangle - Using coordinates, Triangle - Using Heron's formula, Triangle - Using the side lengths and a numerically stable formula, Triangle - Non-planar triangles Read more here: » Triangle: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Types of triangles |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Basic facts Elementary facts about triangles were presented by Euclid in books 1-4 of his Elements around 300 BCE.
A triangle is a polygon and a 2-simplex (see polytope).
Two triangles are said to be similar if and only if the angles of one are equal to the corresponding angles of the other. In this case, the lengths of their corresponding sides are proportional. This occurs for example when two triangles share an angle and the sides opposite to that angle are parallel.
Using right triangles and the concept of similarity, the trigonometric functions sine and cosine can be defined. These are functions of an angle ...
See also:Triangle, Triangle - Types of triangles, Triangle - Basic facts, Triangle - Points, lines and circles associated with a triangle, Triangle - Computing the area of a triangle, Triangle - Using geometry, Triangle - Using vectors, Triangle - Using trigonometry, Triangle - Using coordinates, Triangle - Using Heron's formula, Triangle - Using the side lengths and a numerically stable formula, Triangle - Non-planar triangles Read more here: » Triangle: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Basic facts |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - History of Yoga - Vedic ca. 2000-1500 BCE Yoga was first clearly expounded in the Vedic shastras (Hindu religious texts). Those that estimate Yoga's age to be four thousand years see the history of Yoga from this point.
David Frawley, a Vedic scholar, writes: "Yoga can be traced back to the Rig Veda itself, the oldest Hindu text which speaks about yoking our mind and insight to the Sun of Truth. Great teachers of early Yoga include the names of many famou ...
See also:History of Yoga, History of Yoga - Pre-Vedic ca. 6000 - 3000 BCE [?], History of Yoga - Vedic ca. 2000-1500 BCE, History of Yoga - Upanishadic ca. 800-100 BCE, History of Yoga - Bhagavad Gita, History of Yoga - Classical - Patanjali's 'Yoga Sutras' ca. 200 CE, History of Yoga - Yoga-bhasya 450 - 850 CE, History of Yoga - Hatha Yoga Pradipika 1350 - 1400 CE, History of Yoga - Today, History of Yoga - Modern growth of yoga in the West Read more here: » History of Yoga: Encyclopedia II - History of Yoga - Vedic ca. 2000-1500 BCE |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - History of atheism - Classical Greece and Rome In western Classical Antiquity, theism was the fundamental belief that supported the divine right of the State. Historically, any person who did not believe in any deity supported by the State was fair game to accusations of atheism, a capital crime. For political reasons, Socrates in Athens (399 BCE) was accused of being 'atheos' ("refusing to acknowledge the gods recognized by the state"). Despite the charges, he claimed inspiration from a divine voice and on his deathbed he asked that a rooster be sacrificed to the god Asclepius. Christia ...
See also:History of atheism, History of atheism - Early Eastern Philosophy, History of atheism - Classical Greece and Rome, History of atheism - The Middle Ages, History of atheism - The Renaissance the Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment, History of atheism - The Modern Period, History of atheism - The 20th Century, History of atheism - Bibliography Read more here: » History of atheism: Encyclopedia II - History of atheism - Classical Greece and Rome |
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| | | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - History of Yoga - Bhagavad Gita The protracted discussions of the ultimate, infinite Self, or Atman, and realization of Brahman, are the true legacy of the Upanishads, and the first principal Yoga text is the Bhagavad Gita ("The Lord's Song"), also known as Gitopanishad. The Bhagavad Gita elaborates in detail on Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga and Karma Yoga.
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See also:History of Yoga, History of Yoga - Pre-Vedic ca. 6000 - 3000 BCE [?], History of Yoga - Vedic ca. 2000-1500 BCE, History of Yoga - Upanishadic ca. 800-100 BCE, History of Yoga - Bhagavad Gita, History of Yoga - Classical - Patanjali's 'Yoga Sutras' ca. 200 CE, History of Yoga - Yoga-bhasya 450 - 850 CE, History of Yoga - Hatha Yoga Pradipika 1350 - 1400 CE, History of Yoga - Today, History of Yoga - Modern growth of yoga in the West Read more here: » History of Yoga: Encyclopedia II - History of Yoga - Bhagavad Gita |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Buddhist art - Southern Buddhist art During the 1st century CE, the trade on the overland Silk Road tended to be restricted by the rise of the Parthian empire in the Middle East, an unvanquished enemy of Rome, just as Romans were becoming extremely wealthy and their demand for Asian luxury was rising. This demand revived the sea connections between the Mediterranean Sea and China, with India as the intermediary of choice. From that time, through trade connection, commercial settlements, and even political interventions, India started to strongly influence Southeast Asian countr ...
See also:Buddhist art, Buddhist art - Aniconic phase 5th century - 1st century BCE, Buddhist art - Iconic phase 1st century CE – present, Buddhist art - Northern Buddhist art, Buddhist art - Afghanistan, Buddhist art - Central Asia, Buddhist art - China, Buddhist art - Korea, Buddhist art - Japan, Buddhist art - Tibet and Bhutan, Buddhist art - Vietnam, Buddhist art - Southern Buddhist art, Buddhist art - Burma, Buddhist art - Cambodia, Buddhist art - Thailand, Buddhist art - Indonesia Read more here: » Buddhist art: Encyclopedia II - Buddhist art - Southern Buddhist art |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew calendar - Modern calendar
Hebrew calendar - Epoch.
The epoch of the modern Hebrew calendar is 1 Tishri AM 1 (AM = anno mundi = in the year of the world), which in the proleptic Julian calendar is Monday, October 7, 3761 BCE, the equivalent tabular date (same daylight period). This date is about one year before the traditional Jewish date of Creation on 25 Elul AM 1. A minority place Creation on 25 Adar AM 1, six months earlier, or six months after the modern epoch. Thus adding 3760 to any Julian/Gregorian year number after 1 ...
See also:Hebrew calendar, Hebrew calendar - History, Hebrew calendar - Biblical period, Hebrew calendar - Babylonian exile, Hebrew calendar - Second Temple era, Hebrew calendar - Roman Era, Hebrew calendar - Alexandrian Jewish calendar, Hebrew calendar - Transition period, Hebrew calendar - When does the year begin?, Hebrew calendar - Modern calendar, Hebrew calendar - Epoch, Hebrew calendar - Measurement of the month, Hebrew calendar - Pattern of calendar years, Hebrew calendar - Measurement of hours, Hebrew calendar - Measurement of lunar conjunctions/molads, Hebrew calendar - Metonic cycle, Hebrew calendar - Special holiday rules, Hebrew calendar - Karaite interpretation, Hebrew calendar - Accuracy Read more here: » Hebrew calendar: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew calendar - Modern calendar |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Computing the area of a triangle Calculating the area of a triangle is an elementary problem encountered often in many different situations. Various approaches exist, depending on what is known about the triangle. What follows is a selection of frequently used formulae for the area of a triangle.
Triangle - Using geometry.
The area S of a triangle is S = ½bh, where b is the length of any side of the triangle (the base) and h (the altitude) is the perpendicular distance between the base and the vertex not on the base. ...
See also:Triangle, Triangle - Types of triangles, Triangle - Basic facts, Triangle - Points lines and circles associated with a triangle, Triangle - Computing the area of a triangle, Triangle - Using geometry, Triangle - Using vectors, Triangle - Using trigonometry, Triangle - Using coordinates, Triangle - Using Heron's formula, Triangle - Using the side lengths and a numerically stable formula, Triangle - Non-planar triangles Read more here: » Triangle: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Computing the area of a triangle |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew calendar - Accuracy The average length of the month assumed by the calendar is correct within a fraction of a second (although individual months may be a few hours longer or shorter than average). There will thus be no significant errors from this source for a very long time. However, the assumption that 19 tropical years exactly equal 235 months is wrong, so the average length of a 19 year cycle is too long (compared with 19 tropical years) by about 0.088 days or just over 2 hours. Thus on average the calendar gets further out of step with the tropical year by ...
See also:Hebrew calendar, Hebrew calendar - History, Hebrew calendar - Biblical period, Hebrew calendar - Babylonian exile, Hebrew calendar - Second Temple era, Hebrew calendar - Roman Era, Hebrew calendar - Alexandrian Jewish calendar, Hebrew calendar - Transition period, Hebrew calendar - When does the year begin?, Hebrew calendar - Modern calendar, Hebrew calendar - Epoch, Hebrew calendar - Measurement of the month, Hebrew calendar - Pattern of calendar years, Hebrew calendar - Measurement of hours, Hebrew calendar - Measurement of lunar conjunctions/molads, Hebrew calendar - Metonic cycle, Hebrew calendar - Special holiday rules, Hebrew calendar - Karaite interpretation, Hebrew calendar - Accuracy Read more here: » Hebrew calendar: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew calendar - Accuracy |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Types of triangles Triangles can be classified according to the relative lengths of their sides:
In an equilateral triangle all sides are of equal length. An equilateral triangle is also equiangular, i.e. all its internal angles are equal—namely, 60°; it is a regular polygon
In an isosceles triangle two sides are of equal length. An isosceles triangle also has two equal internal angles (namely, the angles where each of the equal sides meets the third side).
In a scalene triangle all sides have different lengths. The internal angles ...
See also:Triangle, Triangle - Types of triangles, Triangle - Basic facts, Triangle - Points lines and circles associated with a triangle, Triangle - Computing the area of a triangle, Triangle - Using geometry, Triangle - Using vectors, Triangle - Using trigonometry, Triangle - Using coordinates, Triangle - Using Heron's formula, Triangle - Using the side lengths and a numerically stable formula, Triangle - Non-planar triangles Read more here: » Triangle: Encyclopedia II - Triangle - Types of triangles |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - History of atheism - The Renaissance the Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment During the time of the Renaissance and the Reformation, criticism of the religious establishment started to become more frequent, but did not amount to actual atheism. The dissidents also turned against each other: John Calvin narrowly escaped being burned by Lutherans in 1532, and himself approved of the burning of the Unitarian Christian Michael Servetus in 1553.
The term athéisme itself was coined in France in the 16th century, and was initially used as an accusation against scientists, critics of religion, materialistic ph ...
See also:History of atheism, History of atheism - Early Eastern Philosophy, History of atheism - Classical Greece and Rome, History of atheism - The Middle Ages, History of atheism - The Renaissance the Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment, History of atheism - The Modern Period, History of atheism - The 20th Century, History of atheism - Bibliography Read more here: » History of atheism: Encyclopedia II - History of atheism - The Renaissance the Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - History of atheism - The 20th Century State support of atheism and opposition to organized religion was made policy in all communist states, including the People's Republic of China [3] and the former Soviet Union. In theory and in practice these states were secular. The justifications given for the social and political sidelining of religious organizations addressed, on one hand, the "irrationality" of religious belief, and on the other the "parasitical" nature of the relationship between the church and the population. Churches were tolerated, but were subject to strict control ...
See also:History of atheism, History of atheism - Early Eastern Philosophy, History of atheism - Classical Greece and Rome, History of atheism - The Middle Ages, History of atheism - The Renaissance the Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment, History of atheism - The Modern Period, History of atheism - The 20th Century, History of atheism - Bibliography Read more here: » History of atheism: Encyclopedia II - History of atheism - The 20th Century |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - History of Yoga - Pre-Vedic ca. 6000 - 3000 BCE [?] Older findings are believed by some to show that "yoga" existed in some form well before the establishment of vedas in the Indian subcontinent:
A triangular amulet seal uncovered at the Mohenjo-daro archaeological excavation site depicts a male figure sitting cross-legged on a low platform, with arms outstretched. His head is crowned with the horns of a water buffalo. He is surrounded by animals (a fish, an alligator and a snake) and diverse symbols. The likeness on the seal and understandings of the surrounding culture have led ...
See also:History of Yoga, History of Yoga - Pre-Vedic ca. 6000 - 3000 BCE [?], History of Yoga - Vedic ca. 2000-1500 BCE, History of Yoga - Upanishadic ca. 800-100 BCE, History of Yoga - Bhagavad Gita, History of Yoga - Classical - Patanjali's 'Yoga Sutras' ca. 200 CE, History of Yoga - Yoga-bhasya 450 - 850 CE, History of Yoga - Hatha Yoga Pradipika 1350 - 1400 CE, History of Yoga - Today, History of Yoga - Modern growth of yoga in the West Read more here: » History of Yoga: Encyclopedia II - History of Yoga - Pre-Vedic ca. 6000 - 3000 BCE [?] |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - History of Yoga - Yoga-bhasya 450 - 850 CE The Yoga-bhasya, Veda Vyasa's commentary on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali could have been written as early as 450 CE. Professor J. H. Woods, places the date of the Yoga-bhasya between 650 CE to 850 CE. Trevor Leggett places the date closer to 600 CE based on a commentary to the Yoga-bhasya published in Sanskrit in 1952 in the Madras Government Oriental Series #94 by Polakam Sri Rama Sastri and S. R. Krishnamurti Sastri. Evidence strongly suggests that this s ...
See also:History of Yoga, History of Yoga - Pre-Vedic ca. 6000 - 3000 BCE [?], History of Yoga - Vedic ca. 2000-1500 BCE, History of Yoga - Upanishadic ca. 800-100 BCE, History of Yoga - Bhagavad Gita, History of Yoga - Classical - Patanjali's 'Yoga Sutras' ca. 200 CE, History of Yoga - Yoga-bhasya 450 - 850 CE, History of Yoga - Hatha Yoga Pradipika 1350 - 1400 CE, History of Yoga - Today, History of Yoga - Modern growth of yoga in the West Read more here: » History of Yoga: Encyclopedia II - History of Yoga - Yoga-bhasya 450 - 850 CE |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Rice - Preparation as food The seeds of the rice plant are first milled to remove the outer husks of the grain; this creates brown rice. This process may be continued, removing the germ and the rest of the husk, called bran at this point, creating white rice. The white rice may then be buffed with glucose or talc powder (often called polished rice), parboiled, or processed into flour. The white rice may also be enriched to add nutrients, especially those lost during the milling process. While the cheapest method of enriching involves adding a powdered blend of ...
See also:Rice, Rice - Rice cultivation, Rice - Preparation as food, Rice - Cooking rice, Rice - History of rice cultivation, Rice - World production and trade, Rice - Cultivars, Rice - International Year of Rice Read more here: » Rice: Encyclopedia II - Rice - Preparation as food |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Rice - History of rice cultivation Rice cultivation is considered to have begun simultaneously in many countries over 6500 years ago. Two species of rice were domesticated, Asian rice (Oryza sativa) and African rice (Oryza glaberrima).
It is believed that common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, was the wild ancestor of Asian rice [2]. O. sativa appears to have originated around the foothills of the Himalayas, with O. sativa var. indica on the Indian side and O. ...
See also:Rice, Rice - Rice cultivation, Rice - Preparation as food, Rice - Cooking rice, Rice - History of rice cultivation, Rice - World production and trade, Rice - Cultivars, Rice - International Year of Rice Read more here: » Rice: Encyclopedia II - Rice - History of rice cultivation |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Rice - World production and trade World production of rice [3] has risen steadily from about 200 million tons of paddy rice in 1960 to 600 million tons in 2004. Milled rice is about 68% of paddy rice by weight. In the year 2004, the top three producers were China (31% of world production), India (20%), and Indonesia (9%).
World trade figures are very different, as only about 5-6% of rice produced is traded internationally. The largest three exporting countries are Thailand (26% ...
See also:Rice, Rice - Rice cultivation, Rice - Preparation as food, Rice - Cooking rice, Rice - History of rice cultivation, Rice - World production and trade, Rice - Cultivars, Rice - International Year of Rice Read more here: » Rice: Encyclopedia II - Rice - World production and trade |
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| | | | | 300 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Kabul - Attractions The old part of Kabul is filled with bazaars nestled along its narrow, crooked streets. Kabul University was established in 1931, and there are a number of colleges. Cultural sites include the very good Kabul Museum. Afghan National Museum, notably displaying an impressive statue of Surya excavated at Khair Khana, Babur's tomb and gardens, the mausoleum of Mohammad Nadir Shah, the Minar-i-Istiklal (column of independence) built in 1919 after the Third Afghan War, the tomb of Timur Shah, and some important mosques. Bala Hissar is a fort destr ...
See also:Kabul, Kabul - Reconstruction, Kabul - History, Kabul - Attractions Read more here: » Kabul: Encyclopedia II - Kabul - Attractions |
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