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2nd millennium BC | A Wisdom Archive on 2nd millennium BC | | 2nd millennium BC A selection of articles related to 2nd millennium BC | |
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2nd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC - Centuries and Decades, 2nd millennium BC - Cultural landmarks, 2nd millennium BC - Cultures, 2nd millennium BC - Events, 2nd millennium BC - Inventions discoveries introductions, 2nd millennium BC - Significant people, 2nd millennium BC - First half 2000-1500 BC, 2nd millennium BC - Second half 1500-1000 BC, 2nd millennium BC - Specific events, 2nd millennium BC - The break in the middle c. 1600-1500 BC
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 2nd millennium BC | | | |  2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - History of the Hittites - Hattians and HittitesAround 2000 BC, the region centered in Hattusa, that would later become the core of the Hittite kingdom, was inhabited by people with a distinct culture who spoke a non-Indo-European language. The name "Hattic" is used by Anatolianists to distinguish this language from the Indo-European Hittite language, that appeared on the scene at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC and became the administrative language of the Hittite kingdom over the next six or seven centuries. As noted above, "Hittite" is a modern convention for referring to this language. T ...
See also:History of the Hittites, History of the Hittites - Hattians and Hittites, History of the Hittites - Origins of the Hittite Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The Hittite Old Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The New Kingdom, History of the Hittites - Battle of Kadesh, History of the Hittites - Downfall and Demise of the Empire, History of the Hittites - The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms, History of the Hittites - Timeline Read more here: » History of the Hittites: Encyclopedia II - History of the Hittites - Hattians and Hittites |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Marshall Islands - History While settled by Micronesians in the 2nd millennium BC, little is known of the early history of the islands. Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to sight the Marshalls, but the islands remained virtually unvisited by Europeans for several more centuries, before being visited by English captain John Marshall in 1788; the islands owe their name to him.
A German trading company settled on the islands in 1885, and they became part of the protectorate of German New Guinea some years later. Japan conquered the islands in World War I, and admin ...
See also:Marshall Islands, Marshall Islands - History, Marshall Islands - Politics, Marshall Islands - Municipalities, Marshall Islands - Geography, Marshall Islands - Economy, Marshall Islands - Demographics, Marshall Islands - Culture, Marshall Islands - Nuclear Testing, Marshall Islands - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Marshall Islands: Encyclopedia II - Marshall Islands - History |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Tallinn - History The southern coast of the Gulf of Finland is thought to have been settled by Finnic-speaking tribes already in the 2nd millennium BC.
In 1154 Tallinn was marked on the world map of the Arab cartographer Al Idrisi. As an important port for trade between Russia and Scandinavia it became a target for the expansion of the Kingdom of Denmark, who ruled the region after 1219. During this period the local population accepted Christianity during the Northern Crusades. In 1285 the city became the northernmost member of the Hanseatic League - a ...
See also:Tallinn, Tallinn - Etymology, Tallinn - Geography, Tallinn - History, Tallinn - Administrative districts, Tallinn - Population, Tallinn - Education, Tallinn - Transport, Tallinn - Air, Tallinn - Rail and road, Tallinn - Ferry Read more here: » Tallinn: Encyclopedia II - Tallinn - History |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Rigveda - Internal evidence The Rigveda is far more archaic than any other Indo-Aryan text preserved. For this reason, it has been in the center of attention of western scholarship from the times of Max Müller. The Rigveda records an early stage of Vedic religion, still closely tied to the pre-Zoroastrian Persian religion. It is thought that Zoroastrianism and Vedic Hinduism evolved from an earlier common religious Indo-Iranian culture.
Scholars usually date the Rig-Veda to the 2nd millennium BC both linguistically and on grounds of its references to late bronz ...
See also:Rigveda, Rigveda - Text, Rigveda - Books, Rigveda - Translations, Rigveda - Internal evidence, Rigveda - Hindu tradition, Rigveda - More recent Indian views, Rigveda - Editions, Rigveda - Translations, Rigveda - Bibliography Read more here: » Rigveda: Encyclopedia II - Rigveda - Internal evidence |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Marshall Islands - History While settled by Micronesians in the 2nd millennium BC, little is known of the early history of the islands. Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to sight the Marshalls, but the islands remained virtually unvisited by Europeans for several more centuries, before being visited by English captain John Marshall in 1788; the islands owe their name to him.
A German trading company settled on the islands in 1885, and they became part of the protectorate of German New Guinea some years later. Japan conquered the islands ...
See also:Marshall Islands, Marshall Islands - History, Marshall Islands - Politics, Marshall Islands - Municipalities, Marshall Islands - Geography, Marshall Islands - Economy, Marshall Islands - Demographics, Marshall Islands - Culture, Marshall Islands - Nuclear Testing, Marshall Islands - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Marshall Islands: Encyclopedia II - Marshall Islands - History |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Tallinn - History The southern coast of the Gulf of Finland is thought to have been settled by Finnic-speaking tribes already in the 2nd millennium BC.
In 1154 Tallinn was marked on the world map of the Arab cartographer Al Idrisi.
As an important port for trade between Russia and Scandinavia it became a target for the expansion of the Kingdom of Denmark, who ruled the region after 1219.
During this period the local population accepted Christianity during the Northern Crusades. In 1285 the city became the northernmost member of the Hansea ...
See also:Tallinn, Tallinn - Etymology, Tallinn - Historical names, Tallinn - Geography, Tallinn - History, Tallinn - Administrative districts, Tallinn - Population, Tallinn - Economy, Tallinn - Education, Tallinn - Transport, Tallinn - Air, Tallinn - Rail and road, Tallinn - Ferry Read more here: » Tallinn: Encyclopedia II - Tallinn - History |
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| | | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Portugal - Architecture Since the 2nd millennium BC, there has been important construction in the area where Portugal is situated today. Before the arrival of the Romans, Citânia de Briteiros in Guimarães is a good example of native architecture, influenced by the Moors. The houses were round, built with granite without mortar. They were built in settlements (castros) in the mountains, and were surrounded by protecting walls.
Portuguese architecture really developed with the arrival of the Romans (since 2nd Century BC), and Portuguese architecture e ...
See also:Culture of Portugal, Culture of Portugal - Architecture, Culture of Portugal - Modern Architecture, Culture of Portugal - Dances, Culture of Portugal - Film, Culture of Portugal - Literature, Culture of Portugal - Music, Culture of Portugal - Painting, Culture of Portugal - Theatre, Culture of Portugal - Food, Culture of Portugal - Wines, Culture of Portugal - Popular Festivities, Culture of Portugal - Sports, Culture of Portugal - Portuguese stereotypes Read more here: » Culture of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Portugal - Architecture |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Germanic paganism - Proto-Germanic religion Germanic paganism seems to have begun developing sometime during the 2nd millennium BC, during the Nordic Bronze Age, with influences from neighboring cultures, notably the Celts, and possibly Finnish and Baltic mythologies.
The Proto-Germanic pantheon was divided into two classes, the *Ansuwaz (cognate to Asura) and the *Wanisaz (cognate to *Wenos, a name of *Hausos; see also Vanadis, Wynn, and possibly *Wanax). Members included *Tiwaz, *Wodinaz, *Nerþuz (either a god or a goddess), and *Frijja. Some natural pheno ...
See also:Germanic paganism, Germanic paganism - Proto-Germanic religion, Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period, Germanic paganism - Tacitus, Germanic paganism - Migration Age, Germanic paganism - Viking Age, Germanic paganism - Middle Ages Read more here: » Germanic paganism: Encyclopedia II - Germanic paganism - Proto-Germanic religion |
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| | | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Sword - History
Sword - Bronze Age.
Main article: Bronze Age sword
Humans have manufactured and used bladed weapons from the Bronze Age onwards. The sword developed from the dagger when the construction of longer blades became possible, from the early 2nd millennium BC. The hilt at first simply allowed a firm grip, and prevented the hand from slipping onto the blade when executing a stab. Bronze Age swords with typical leaf-shaped blades first appear near the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, and in Mes ...
See also:Sword, Sword - History, Sword - Bronze Age, Sword - Iron Age, Sword - Middle Ages, Sword - Late Middle Ages and Renaissance, Sword - Modern Age, Sword - Terminology, Sword - Typology, Sword - Double-edged swords, Sword - Single edged weapons, Sword - Training swords, Sword - Classification, Sword - Punishment devices, Sword - Symbolism Read more here: » Sword: Encyclopedia II - Sword - History |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Ayurveda - Brhat Trayi The greater triad The Charaka and Sushruta Samhitās are compendiums of two traditions rather than texts authored by single authors. A third tradition is that of the Kāshyapas. Some plant remedies of ayurveda are also mentioned in the earlier Vedic literature 2nd millennium BC. Both the Sushruta and Charaka Samhitās are the product of several editorial hands, having been revised and supplemented over a period of several hundred years.
The scholar Vāgbhata, who lived in Sind at the beginning of the 7th century AD, produced a grand synthesis of earlie ...
See also:Ayurveda, Ayurveda - Brhat Trayi The greater triad, Ayurveda - Basic concepts and methodology, Ayurveda - Qualities, Ayurveda - The Five Elements, Ayurveda - Doshas, Ayurveda - Vata, Ayurveda - Pitta, Ayurveda - Kapha, Ayurveda - Herbs and Minerals in Ayurvedic Medicine, Ayurveda - Historically, Ayurveda - Today, Ayurveda - Ayurvedic Herbs in Western Medicine, Ayurveda - Partial Bibliography Read more here: » Ayurveda: Encyclopedia II - Ayurveda - Brhat Trayi The greater triad |
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| | | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Persian people - Origins and roots The Persians of Iran are mainly descended from the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranians, an Indo-European people that migrated to the region between during the 2nd millennium BC, as well as indigenous populations such as the Elamites. The Persians have been, over time, genetically and/or socially modified and impacted by various groups including the Greeks, Scythians, Parthians, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, and various other Eurasian invaders.[1][2] The Persian Jews are a good example of a Hebrew population that moved to Iran about 2,700 years ago and assimilated and mixed with the Persians so that today they speak Persian and are virtua ...
See also:Persian people, Persian people - Origins and roots, Persian people - Related sub-groups, Persian people - Persian language, Persian people - Persian Arts, Persian people - Persian Painting and Depiction Artistry, Persian people - Persian Music, Persian people - Persian Architecture, Persian people - Persian rugs, Persian people - Persian Gardens, Persian people - Persian Women, Persian people - Culture Read more here: » Persian people: Encyclopedia II - Persian people - Origins and roots |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Carpet - Early carpets The hand-knotted pile carpet probably originated in Mongolia or Turkestan between the 4th and 2nd millennium BC.
The earliest surviving pile carpet in the world is called the "Pazyryk Carpet". It is usually dated to the 5th century BC. It was excavated by Sergei Ivanovich Rudenko in 1949 from a Siberian burial ground where it had been preserved in ice in the valley of Pazyryk. The origin of this carpet is debated. It has been proposed to be a product of either the Iranian Scythians or the Persian Achaemenids. This carpet is 200 x 183 cm ...
See also:Carpet, Carpet - Carpet types, Carpet - Production of knotted pile carpet, Carpet - Early carpets, Carpet - Persian and Anatolian carpets, Carpet - Oriental carpets in Europe, Carpet - Spanish carpets, Carpet - French carpets, Carpet - English carpets, Carpet - Scandinavian carpets, Carpet - Modern carpeting and installation, Carpet - Care and use of carpet, Carpet - Carpet cleaning Read more here: » Carpet: Encyclopedia II - Carpet - Early carpets |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Yoga - Origins Images of a meditating yogi from the Indus Valley Civilization are thought to be 6 to 7 thousand years old. The earliest written accounts of yoga appear in the Rig Veda, which began to be codified between 1500 and 1200 BC. It is difficult to establish the date of yoga from this as the Rig Veda was orally transmitted for at least a millennium. The first Yoga text dates to around the 2nd century BC by Patanjali, and prescribes adherence to "eight limbs" (the ...
See also:Yoga, Yoga - Yoga practice and intention, Yoga - The word yoga, Yoga - Diversity of yoga, Yoga - Yoga and religion, Yoga - Common themes, Yoga - Origins, Yoga - Hindu yoga, Yoga - Bhagavad Gita, Yoga - Patanjali, Yoga - God in Yoga philosophy, Yoga - Hatha yoga, Yoga - Natya yoga, Yoga - Buddhist yoga, Yoga - Yoga and tantra, Yoga - Notable Yogis Read more here: » Yoga: Encyclopedia II - Yoga - Origins |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Abrahamic religion - Origins The origins of Judaism and the ancestral Abrahamic religion are still obscure. The only source generally agreed by all to be canonical that bears on that question is the Genesis book of the Hebrew Bible, which according to Rabbinic tradition was written by Moses after the Exodus from Egypt, sometime in the 2nd millennium BC. According to Genesis, the principles of Judaism were revealed gradually to a line of patriarchs from Adam to Jacob (also called Israel); however the religion was only established when Moses received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai, and with the ...
See also:Abrahamic religion, Abrahamic religion - Overview, Abrahamic religion - Origins, Abrahamic religion - Patriarchs, Abrahamic religion - The Supreme Deity, Abrahamic religion - Judaism, Abrahamic religion - Christianity, Abrahamic religion - Islam, Abrahamic religion - Inclusivity, Abrahamic religion - Religious scriptures, Abrahamic religion - Judaism, Abrahamic religion - Christianity, Abrahamic religion - Islam, Abrahamic religion - Rastafari movement, Abrahamic religion - The coming, Abrahamic religion - Afterlife, Abrahamic religion - Judaism, Abrahamic religion - Christianity, Abrahamic religion - Islam, Abrahamic religion - Worship, Abrahamic religion - Circumcision, Abrahamic religion - Food restrictions, Abrahamic religion - Evangelism Read more here: » Abrahamic religion: Encyclopedia II - Abrahamic religion - Origins |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Vegetarianism - History Vegetarianism has been common in the Indian subcontinent, since possibly the 2nd millennium BC for spiritual reasons, such as ahimsa (nonviolence) and reducing bad karmic influences. Hinduism preaches that it is the ideal diet for spiritual progress and Jainism, which claims between eight to ten million adherants, enjoins all its followers to be vegetarian. Buddhist monks of Mahayana school have also historically practiced vegetarianism. In looking for parallels in Jewish and Christian antiquity for these practices, some Christian vegetarians feel a kinship with ...
See also:Vegetarianism, Vegetarianism - History, Vegetarianism - Recent trends, Vegetarianism - Terminology and varieties of vegetarianism, Vegetarianism - Motivation, Vegetarianism - Religious, Vegetarianism - Nutritional, Vegetarianism - Ethical, Vegetarianism - Environmental, Vegetarianism - Social, Vegetarianism - Spiritual, Vegetarianism - Physiological, Vegetarianism - Aesthetic, Vegetarianism - Vegetarian cuisine, Vegetarianism - Country specific information, Vegetarianism - Vegetarian societies, Vegetarianism - Criticism, Vegetarianism - Vegetarian diet and longevity, Vegetarianism - Vegetarian diet is not a healthy diet, Vegetarianism - Environment, Vegetarianism - Animal Right Read more here: » Vegetarianism: Encyclopedia II - Vegetarianism - History |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Carpet - Early carpets The hand-knotted pile carpet probably originated in Mongolia or Turkestan between the 4th and 2nd millennium BC.
The earliest surviving pile carpet in the world is called the "Pazyryk Carpet". It is usually dated to the 5th century BC. It was excavated by Sergei Ivanovich Rudenko in 1949 from a Siberian burial ground where it had been preserved in ice in the valley of Pazyryk. The origin of this carpet is debated. It has been proposed to be a product of either the Iranian Scythians or the Persian Achaemenids. This carpet is 200 x 183 cm ...
See also:Carpet, Carpet - Carpet types, Carpet - Production of knotted pile carpet, Carpet - Fibers & yarns used in carpets, Carpet - Early carpets, Carpet - Persian and Anatolian carpets, Carpet - Oriental carpets in Europe, Carpet - Spanish carpets, Carpet - French carpets, Carpet - English carpets, Carpet - Scandinavian carpets, Carpet - Modern carpeting and installation, Carpet - Care and use of carpet, Carpet - Carpet cleaning Read more here: » Carpet: Encyclopedia II - Carpet - Early carpets |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Events leading up to the Turkish invasion Cyprus has played a major part in the history of the Aegean. The island's prehistory runs as far back as the beginning of the 6th millennium BC. After the Hittites and Egyptians, heirs of Alexander the Great in the 2nd millennium BC the Achaean-Greeks established city-kingdoms on the Mycenaean model and introduced the Greek language, the Greek religion and the Greek way of life.
The character of the island has gone through various changes impacting on its culture, cuisine and music, due to t ...
See also:Turkish Invasion of Cyprus, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Events leading up to the Turkish invasion, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Greek Cypriot accusations, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Turkish Cypriot accusations, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Invasion and occupation, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - 1963-1974, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - The Turkish invasions of Cyprus of July and August 1974, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Human rights violations, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Missing persons, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Destruction of cultural heritage, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Turkish immigration, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Negotiations and other developments, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Ongoing negotiations, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus declared legally invalid, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Return of Varosha, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Sources, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Official publications and sources, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Books, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Other sources Read more here: » Turkish Invasion of Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Turkish Invasion of Cyprus - Events leading up to the Turkish invasion |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Greek language - History This article does not cover the reconstructed history of Greek prior to the use of writing. For more information, see main article on Proto-Greek language.
Greek has been spoken in the Balkan Peninsula since the 2nd millennium BC. The earliest evidence of this is found in the Linear B tablets dating from 1500 BC. The later Greek alphabet (q.v.) is unrelated to Linear B, and was derived from the Phoenician alphabet (abjad); with minor modifications, it is still used today. Greek is conventi ...
See also:Greek language, Greek language - History, Greek language - Classification, Greek language - Geographic distribution, Greek language - Official status, Greek language - Phonology, Greek language - Vowel sounds, Greek language - Consonants, Greek language - Sandhi rules, Greek language - Orthography, Greek language - Historical sound changes, Greek language - Grammar, Greek language - Writing system, Greek language - Examples, Greek language - Some common words and phrases, Greek language - The Iliad in Homeric Greek Lines 1-7, Greek language - The Lord's Prayer in Greek Matt. 6:9-13, Greek language - The Nicene Creed in Greek, Greek language - Literature, Greek language - Typography, Greek language - Lexica, Greek language - Spell checkers Read more here: » Greek language: Encyclopedia II - Greek language - History |
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| | | | | 2nd millennium BC: Encyclopedia II - Greek language - History This article does not cover the reconstructed history of Greek prior to the use of writing. For more information, see main article on Proto-Greek language.
Greek has been spoken in the Balkan Peninsula since the 2nd millennium BC. The earliest evidence of this is found in the Linear B tablets dating from 1500 BC. The later Greek alphabet (q.v.) is unrelated to Linear B, and was derived from the Phoenician alphabet (abjad); with minor modifications, it is still used today. Greek is conventionally divided into the followin ...
See also:Greek language, Greek language - History, Greek language - Classification, Greek language - Geographic distribution, Greek language - Official status, Greek language - Phonology, Greek language - Vowel sounds, Greek language - Consonants, Greek language - Sandhi rules, Greek language - Orthography, Greek language - Historical sound changes, Greek language - Grammar, Greek language - Writing system, Greek language - Examples, Greek language - Some common words and phrases, Greek language - The Iliad in Homeric Greek Lines 1-7, Greek language - The Lord's Prayer in Greek Matt. 6:9-13, Greek language - The Nicene Creed in Greek, Greek language - Literature, Greek language - Typography, Greek language - Lexica, Greek language - Spell checkers, Greek language - Special characters Read more here: » Greek language: Encyclopedia II - Greek language - History |
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