239 BC

Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 324 BC 323 BC 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 316 BC 315 BC 314 BC Events Spring - Antigonus, Macedonian commander in Asia, defeats the outlaw Eumenes in Asia Minor, driving Eumenes into the East. Summer - Death of the Macedonian regent Antipater. He makes his colleague, the elderly Polyperchon, his successor as regent, in preference to his own son Cassander. Ptolemy laun ...

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC - 240s BC - 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC Years: 248 BC 247 BC 246 BC 245 BC 244 BC - 243 BC - 242 BC 241 BC 240 BC 239 BC 238 BC Events Aratus of Sicyon captured Corinth. Births Seleucus III Ceraunus, later King of the Seleucid dynasty(a ...

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Antigonus II Gonatas (c. 319 BC—239 BC) was a powerful ruler who definitely established the Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the Balkans. Antigonus II Gonatas - Birth and family. Antigonus Gonatas was born around 319 BC, probably in Gonnoi in Thessaly. He was related to the most powerful of the Diadochi (the generals of Alexander who divided the empire after his death in 323 BC). Antigonus's father was Demetrius Poliorcetes, who was the son of ...

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• Antigonus II Gonatas - Birth and family
• Antigonus II Gonatas - Demetrius's general
• Antigonus II Gonatas - In the wilderness
• Antigonus II Gonatas - King of Macedonia
• Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus
• Antigonus II Gonatas - The Chremonidean war
• Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Aratus
• Antigonus II Gonatas - Death and Appraisal

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC - 230s BC - 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC Years: 243 BC 242 BC 241 BC 240 BC 239 BC - 238 BC - 237 BC 236 BC 235 BC 234 BC 233 BC Events Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus assaults Sardinia upon a mutiny of Carthaginian mercenaries on the island, and makes it into a Roman province. In the Battle of Utica, the loyal Carthaginian troops of Hamilcar Barca defeat rebellious mercenaries. Parthia breaks away from the Seleucid Empire

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC - 230s BC - 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC Years: 242 BC 241 BC 240 BC 239 BC 238 BC - 237 BC - 236 BC 235 BC 234 BC 233 BC 232 BC Events Hamilcar Barca suppresses the revolt of Carthaginian mercenaries, who had revolted over being short-changed for back pay. Quintus Fulvius Flaccus the elder is Roman consul. Births Deaths ...

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Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus. Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, Macedonia's Western neighbour, was a general of mercurial ability, widely renowned for his bravery, but he did not apply his talents sensibly and often snatched after vain hopes, so that Antigonus used to compare him to a dice player, who had excellent throws, but did not know how to use them. When the Gauls defeated Ptolemy Ceraunus and the Macedonian throne became vacant, Pyrrhus was occupied in his campaigns overseas. Hoping to conquer ...

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Antigonus II Gonatas, Antigonus II Gonatas - Birth and family, Antigonus II Gonatas - Demetrius's general, Antigonus II Gonatas - In the wilderness, Antigonus II Gonatas - King of Macedonia, Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus, Antigonus II Gonatas - The Chremonidean war, Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Aratus, Antigonus II Gonatas - Death and Appraisal

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Macedonia region - Ancient Macedonia 500 BC to 146 BC. For a more complete treatment of early Macedonia, see Macedon. Macedonia is known to have been inhabited since Neolithic times. Its recorded history began with the emergence of the ancient kingdom of Macedon in what is now the Greek part of Macedonia and the neighbouring Bitola district in the south of today's Republic of Macedonia. By 500 BC, the early Macedonian kingdom had become subject to the Persian Empire but played no significant part in t ...

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Macedonia region, Macedonia region - Etymology of the name of Macedonia, Macedonia region - Boundaries and definitions, Macedonia region - Demographics, Macedonia region - History, Macedonia region - Ancient Macedonia 500 BC to 146 BC, Macedonia region - Medieval Macedonia, Macedonia region - Macedonia's Division, Macedonia region - Macedonia after World War II, Macedonia region - Independence of the Republic of Macedonia, Macedonia region - Controversy: Republic of Macedonia and Greece, Macedonia region - Controversy: Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria

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The conquests of Alexander had a number of consequences for the Greek city-states. It greatly widened the horizons of the Greeks, making the endless conflicts between the cities which had marked the 5th and 4th centuries BC seem petty and unimportant. It led to a steady emigration, particularly of the young and ambitious, to the new Greek empires in the east. Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch and the many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake, as far away as what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan, where the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo- ...

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Hellenistic Greece, Hellenistic Greece - Macedonian dominance, Hellenistic Greece - Philip V, Hellenistic Greece - The rise of Rome, Hellenistic Greece - The end of Greek independence

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The controversy whether or not ancient Macedonia should be considered a Hellenic state is addressed variously: based on ancient sources, and on linguistic evidence. Neither approach is conclusive, Herodotus seems to assert that the Macedonian aristocracy was of Achaean origin while Macedonian people were of Dorian stock. Linguistics seems to point inconclusively to either Macedonian as an archaic form of Greek, Macedonian as part of a Graeco-Macedonian subfamily of Indo-European, or Macedonian as an in ...

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Macedon, Macedon - Early history, Macedon - Expansion, Macedon - Decline, Macedon - Calendar, Macedon - Language, Macedon - Hellenic controversy, Macedon - Herodotus, Macedon - Linguistics

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In Ptolemy Euergetes' ninth regnal year (239 BC), a great assembly of priests at Canopus passed an honorific decree (the "Decree of Canopus") that, inter alia, conferred various new titles on the king and his consort, Berenice. Two examples of this decree are known, inscribed in Egyptian (in both hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts) and in Greek, and they were second only to the more famous Rosetta Stone in providing the key to decyphering the ancient Egyptian language. The bilingual decrees for the Three-Stela Series are: Ptolemy III, P ...

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Canopus Egypt, Canopus Egypt - Canopus under Hellenistic Egypt, Canopus Egypt - External link

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It is a prime number. The next is 241, with which it comprises a pair of twin primes. 239 is a Sophie Germain prime and a Newman-Shanks-Williams prime. It is an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form 3n − 1. Because the next odd number, 241 is prime, 239 is a Chen prime. HAKMEM (incidentally AI memo 239 of the MIT AI Lab) included an item on the properties of 239, including these: When expressing 239 as a sum of square numbers, 4 squares are required, which ...

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239 number, 239 number - In mathematics, 239 number - In other fields

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According to ancient Greek mythology, Macedon - ancient Greek Μακεδών Makedōn, poetic Μακηδών Makēdōn - was the name of the first phylarch (tribal chief) of the Μακεδόνες Makedónes, the part of the Μακεδνοί MakednoíSee also:

Macedonia region, Macedonia region - Etymology of the name of Macedonia, Macedonia region - Boundaries and definitions, Macedonia region - Demographics, Macedonia region - History, Macedonia region - Ancient Macedonia 500 BC to 146 BC, Macedonia region - Medieval Macedonia, Macedonia region - Macedonia's Division, Macedonia region - Macedonia after World War II, Macedonia region - Independence of the Republic of Macedonia, Macedonia region - Controversy: Republic of Macedonia and Greece, Macedonia region - Controversy: Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria

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As a frontier region where several very different cultures meet, Macedonia has an extremely diverse demographic profile. Greeks form the majority of its population, living almost entirely in Greece. The second largest group of people in the region are the Macedonians, a Slavic people who form the majority of the population in the Republic of Macedonia. There is a small 3,000-strong Macedonian minority in the Bulgarian region of Blagoevgrad, which is otherwise known as Pirin Macedonia. The number of Slavic Macedonians in Greek Macedoni ...

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Macedonia region, Macedonia region - Etymology of the name of Macedonia, Macedonia region - Boundaries and definitions, Macedonia region - Demographics, Macedonia region - History, Macedonia region - Ancient Macedonia 500 BC to 146 BC, Macedonia region - Medieval Macedonia, Macedonia region - Macedonia's Division, Macedonia region - Macedonia after World War II, Macedonia region - Independence of the Republic of Macedonia, Macedonia region - Controversy: Republic of Macedonia and Greece, Macedonia region - Controversy: Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria

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The name of Macedonia has not been always used with regard to the region as defined above. In its beginnings, the ancient state of Macedon encompassed only a part of this region, approximately equal to the present-day Greek Macedonia. The Roman province of Macedonia covered a much larger area than Macedon, including almost all of present-day geographical region of Macedonia, along with large parts of central Albania and Greece. In the Byzantine empire, there was a number of different themas (provinces) dividing the geographical region ...

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Macedonia region, Macedonia region - Etymology of the name of Macedonia, Macedonia region - Boundaries and definitions, Macedonia region - Demographics, Macedonia region - History, Macedonia region - Ancient Macedonia 500 BC to 146 BC, Macedonia region - Medieval Macedonia, Macedonia region - Macedonia's Division, Macedonia region - Macedonia after World War II, Macedonia region - Independence of the Republic of Macedonia, Macedonia region - Controversy: Republic of Macedonia and Greece, Macedonia region - Controversy: Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria

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In 192 war broke out between Rome and the Seleucid ruler Antiochus III. Some Greek cities now saw Antiochus as their saviour from Roman rule, but Macedon threw its lot in with Rome, and Antiochus was defeated at Thermopylae in 191. During the course of this war Roman troops crossed into Asia for the first time, where they defeated Antiochus again at Magnesia on the Sipylum (190). Greece now lay across Rome's line of communications with the east, and Roman troops became a permanent presence. The Peace of Apamaea (1 ...

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Hellenistic Greece, Hellenistic Greece - Macedonian dominance, Hellenistic Greece - Philip V, Hellenistic Greece - The rise of Rome, Hellenistic Greece - The end of Greek independence

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The fate of Antigonus Gonatas, now 18, was closely tied with that of his father Demetrius who escaped from the battle with 9.000 troops. Jealousy among the victors eventually allowed Demetrius to regain part of the power his father had lost. He conquered Athens and much of Greece and in 294 BC he seized the throne of Macedonia from Alexander, the son of Cassander. Because Antigonus Gonatas was the grandson of Antipater and the nephew of Cassander, through his mother, his presence helped to reconcile the ...

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Antigonus II Gonatas, Antigonus II Gonatas - Birth and family, Antigonus II Gonatas - Demetrius's general, Antigonus II Gonatas - In the wilderness, Antigonus II Gonatas - King of Macedonia, Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus, Antigonus II Gonatas - The Chremonidean war, Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Aratus, Antigonus II Gonatas - Death and Appraisal

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Antigonus Gonatas was born around 319 BC, probably in Gonnoi in Thessaly. He was related to the most powerful of the Diadochi (the generals of Alexander who divided the empire after his death in 323 BC). Antigonus's father was Demetrius Poliorcetes, who was the son of Antigonus, who then controlled much of Asia. His mother was Phila, the daughter of Antipater. The latter controlled Macedonia and Greece and was recognized as regent of the empire, which in theory remained united. In this year, however, Antipater died, ...

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Antigonus II Gonatas, Antigonus II Gonatas - Birth and family, Antigonus II Gonatas - Demetrius's general, Antigonus II Gonatas - In the wilderness, Antigonus II Gonatas - King of Macedonia, Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus, Antigonus II Gonatas - The Chremonidean war, Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Aratus, Antigonus II Gonatas - Death and Appraisal

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In 285 BC, Demetrius, worn down by his fruitless campaign, surrendered to Seleucus. At this point he wrote to son and his commanders in Athens and Corinth telling them to henceforth consider him a dead man and to ignore any letters they might receive written under his seal. Macedonia, meanwhile had been divided between Pyrrhus and Lysimachus, but like two wolves sharing a piece of meat, they soon fought over it with the result that Lys ...

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Antigonus II Gonatas, Antigonus II Gonatas - Birth and family, Antigonus II Gonatas - Demetrius's general, Antigonus II Gonatas - In the wilderness, Antigonus II Gonatas - King of Macedonia, Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus, Antigonus II Gonatas - The Chremonidean war, Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Aratus, Antigonus II Gonatas - Death and Appraisal

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Antigonus II died in 239. His death saw another revolt of the Greek cities led by the Achaean League, whose dominant figure was Aratus of Sicyon. Antigonus's son Demetrius II died in 229, leaving a child (Philip V) as king, with the general Antigonus Doson as regent. The Achaeans, while nominally subject to Ptolemy, were in effect independent, and controlled most of southern Greece. Athens remai ...

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Hellenistic Greece, Hellenistic Greece - Macedonian dominance, Hellenistic Greece - Philip V, Hellenistic Greece - The rise of Rome, Hellenistic Greece - The end of Greek independence

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Under Philip II, (359-336 BC), Macedon expanded into the territory of the Paionians, Thracians, and Illyrians. This brought into its orbit the Monastir (now Bitola) and Gevgelija districts of what is now the Republic of Macedonia. Macedon became more politically involved with the south-central city-states of Ancient Greece, but it also retained more archaic features like the palace-culture, first at Aegae (modern Vergina) then at Pella, resembling Mycenaean culture more than classic Hellenic city-states, and other archaic customs, like Philip's multiple wives in addition to his Epirote ...

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Macedon, Macedon - Early history, Macedon - Expansion, Macedon - Decline, Macedon - Calendar, Macedon - Language, Macedon - Hellenic controversy, Macedon - Herodotus, Macedon - Linguistics

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