238

238 - Events. Carpians invade Moesia, Maximinus Thrax campaigns against them. March 22 - Gordian I becomes Roman Emperors, with his son Gordian II. They rule 36 days. April 22 - Pupienus and Balbinus become Roman Emperors. Ancient Town of Aquileia took the side of senate against Roman Emperor Maximinus Thrax July 29 - Gordian III becomes Roman Emperor on the deaths of Pupienus and Balbinus. Future Roman Emperor Valerian became princeps senatus. The Roman ...

Including:

• 238 - Events
• 238 - Births
• 238 - Deaths

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The Augustan History (Lat. Historia Augusta) is a collection of biographies of Roman Emperors and usurpers during the period 117 to 284. Although it is supposedly an assemblage of works by six different writers (collectively known as the Scriptores Historiae Augustae), there is considerable doubt concerning not only the authorship of the work, but also when it was written and how much of the content is fictitious. Even so, it is the only continuous ac ...

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See also the band Colosseum. The Colosseum or Coliseum, originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (lat. Amphitheatrum Flavium), is an amphitheatre in Rome, capable of seating 50,000 spectators, which was once used for gladiatorial combat. Construction was initiated by Emperor Vespasian and completed by his sons, Titus and Domitian, between AD 72 and AD 81. It was built at the site of Nero's enormous palace, the Domus Aurea. The Colosseum's name is derived from a colossus (a 130-foot, or 40- ...

Including:

• Colosseum - Construction
• Colosseum - Games
• Colosseum - History of the name Colosseum
• Colosseum - Description
• Colosseum - Later history
• Colosseum - Hollywood and the Colosseum
• Colosseum - Flora

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Philostratus, was the name of four Greek sophists of the Roman imperial period: (c. 150-200) "Philostratus I": Very minor author, known only for a dialogue Nero, possibly written by Philostratus II. (c. 170-247) "Philostratus II": son of Philostratus I. Also called "Philostratus the Athenian" or "Lucius Flavius Philostratus" (born c. 190) "Philostratus III": the probable nephew of Philostratus II. Also called "Philostratus of Lemnos" or "Philostratus the Elder" (born c. 220) "Philostratus ...

Including:

• Philostratus - Philostratus II
• Philostratus - Philostratus III
• Philostratus - Philostratus IV
• Philostratus - Ambiguities in attribution

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Aquileia (Friulian Acuilee, Slovene Oglej), an ancient Roman town of Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about 6 miles from the sea, on the river Natiso (mod. Natisone), the course of which has changed somewhat since Roman times. Before the Romans, Aquileia is believed to be a center of Venetia. It was founded by the Romans in 181 BC as a frontier fortress on the north-east, not far from the site where, two years before, Gaulish invaders had attempted to settle. The colony was led by two men of consular and one of praetorian rank, and 3000 pedites< ...

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April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). There are 263 days remaining. April 12 - Events. 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire 1606 - The Union Jack is adopted as the national flag of Great Britain. 1633 - The formal interrogation by the Inquisition of Galileo Galilei begins. 1861 - American Civil War: The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the ...

Including:

• April 12 - Events
• April 12 - Births
• April 12 - 599 BC to 1899
• April 12 - 1900 to 1999
• April 12 - Deaths
• April 12 - 65 to 1899
• April 12 - 1900 to 1999
• April 12 - 2000 onwards
• April 12 - Holidays and observances

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Yuánguāng(元光) Yuánshuò (元朔) Yuánshòu (元狩) Yuándǐng (元鼎) Yuánfēng (元封) Tàichū (太初) Tiānhàn (天漢) Tàishǐ (太始) Zhēnghé (征和) 134 BC – 129 BC 128 BC – 123 BC 122 BC – 117 BC 116 BC – 111 BC 110 BC – 105 BC 104 BC – 101 BC 100 BC – 97 BC 96 BC – 93 BC 92 BC – 89 BC Yuánfèng (元鳳) 80 BC – 75 BC Dìjié (地節) Yuánkāng (元康) Shénjué (神 ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty

Oium - Settlement. Jordanes relates that their king Filimer lead the Goths searching for suitable lands and when they found Oium they were delighted with the richness of the land. When half the army had passed a bridge, the bridge collapsed and so no one could pass the area anymore. The Goths claimed the land for themselves and defeated the previous inhabitants, the Spali (which probably was the ruling Sarmatian clan). They then claimed the plains near the Azov Sea. The Goths then made a second migration to Moesia, Dacia and Thrace, but then they returned to Oium in a third migration and sett ...

See also:

Oium, Oium - Jordanes, Oium - Settlement, Oium - Merger with Scythian Dacian and Thracian history from classic sources, Oium - The Goths' proper history, Oium - Norse mythology

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The indigenous population of Thrace were, and still are a Greek race called Thracians. Divided into separate tribes, the Thracians did not manage to form a lasting political organization until the Odrysian state was founded in the 4th century BC. The Thracians fell early under the cultural influence of the ancient Greeks, preserving till a much later time, however, their language and culture. It also appears from mythological accounts that the Thracians influenced Greek culture from a very early period, with some Thracians even appear ...

See also:

Thrace, Thrace - History, Thrace - Cities of Thrace, Thrace - Bulgarian, Thrace - Greek, Thrace - Turkish, Thrace - Famous Thracians, Thrace - Sources

Read more here: » Thrace: Encyclopedia II - Thrace - History

List of suicides - A. Johnny Ace, (1954), singer George Washington Adams, (1829), son of John Quincy Adams, jumped off a boat Robert Adams Jr., (1906), congressman from Pennsylvania, shot self after heavy losses in stock speculation Stuart Adamson, (2001), lead singer of the Scottish bands Big Country and the Skids Chris Adkisson a.k.a. Chris von Erich, (1991), professional wrestler Kerry Adkisson a.k.a Kerry von Erich, (1993), professional wrestler Mike ...

See also:

List of suicides, List of suicides - Alphabetical, List of suicides - A, List of suicides - B, List of suicides - C, List of suicides - D, List of suicides - E, List of suicides - F, List of suicides - G, List of suicides - H, List of suicides - I - J, List of suicides - K, List of suicides - L, List of suicides - M, List of suicides - N-O, List of suicides - P, List of suicides - Q-R, List of suicides - S, List of suicides - T, List of suicides - U-V, List of suicides - W, List of suicides - X-Z, List of suicides - Monarchs, List of suicides - By Seppuku, List of suicides - Known afterwards

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In 243, during Gordian's campaign against Shapur I of Persia, the Praetorian prefect Timesitheus died under unclear circumstances. At the suggestion of his brother Priscus, Philip became the new Praetorian prefect, with the intention that the two brothers would control the young emperor and rule the Roman world as unofficial regents. Following a military defeat, Gordian died under circumstances that are still debated. Philip is universally held responsible for bringing about Gordian's death, especially as he was proclaimed emperor after Gord ...

See also:

Philip the Arab, Philip the Arab - Early life, Philip the Arab - Political career, Philip the Arab - Beliefs

Read more here: » Philip the Arab: Encyclopedia II - Philip the Arab - Political career

Increases in urbanization and in the area under cultivation during Roman rule caused wholesale dislocations of Berber society. Nomadic tribes were forced to settle or move from traditional rangelands. Sedentary tribes lost their autonomy and connection with the land. Berber opposition to the Roman presence was nearly constant. The Roman emperor Trajan established a frontier in the south by encircling the Aurès and Nemencha mountains and building a line of forts from Vescera (modern Biskra) to Ad Majores (Hennchir Besseriani, southeast of Bi ...

See also:

North Africa during the Classical Period, North Africa during the Classical Period - Carthage and the Berbers, North Africa during the Classical Period - The Roman Era, North Africa during the Classical Period - Vandals and Byzantines, North Africa during the Classical Period - Reference

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List of suicides - A. Johnny Ace, (1954), singer George Washington Adams, (1829), son of John Quincy Adams, jumped off a boat Robert Adams Jr., (1906), congressman from Pennsylvania, shot self after heavy losses in stock speculation Stuart Adamson, (2001), lead singer of the Scottish bands Big Country and the Skids Chris Adkisson a.k.a. Chris von Erich, (1991), professional wrestler Kerry Adkisson a.k.a Kerry von Erich, (1993), professional wrestler Mike ...

See also:

List of suicides, List of suicides - Alphabetical, List of suicides - A, List of suicides - B, List of suicides - C, List of suicides - D, List of suicides - E, List of suicides - F, List of suicides - G, List of suicides - H, List of suicides - I, List of suicides - J, List of suicides - K, List of suicides - L, List of suicides - M, List of suicides - N, List of suicides - O, List of suicides - P, List of suicides - Q, List of suicides - R, List of suicides - S, List of suicides - T, List of suicides - U, List of suicides - V, List of suicides - W, List of suicides - X, List of suicides - Y, List of suicides - Z, List of suicides - Monarchs, List of suicides - By Seppuku, List of suicides - Known afterwards

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Cao Rui's reign was a paradoxical one in many ways. He was clearly intelligent and capable, and yet never fulfilled his potential in his governance of the country or in his military campaigns. He showed great compassion at times, and yet was capable of great cruelty. He carried out many acts that were beneficial for the empire and yet at least as many that were hurtful. Despite his uncle Cao Zhi's successive petitions, however, he continued the severe prohibitions against princes' holding of offices that his father Cao Pi had put in place, a ...

See also:

Cao Rui, Cao Rui - Family background, Cao Rui - As emperor, Cao Rui - Treatment of officials, Cao Rui - Campaigns against Shu Han, Cao Rui - Campaigns against Eastern Wu, Cao Rui - Campaigns against Liaodong, Cao Rui - Building projects and collection of concubines, Cao Rui - Marriages succession issues and death, Cao Rui - Era names, Cao Rui - Personal information

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Main article: History of Romania In 513 BC, south of the Danube, the tribal confederation of the Getae were defeated by Darius during his campaign against the Scythians (Herodotus IV.93). Over half a millennium later, the Getae (also named Daci by Romans) were defeated by the Roman Empire under Emperor Trajan in two campaigns stretching from 101 to 106, and the core of their kingdom was turned into the Roman province of Dacia. The Gothic and Carpic campaigns in the Balkans during 238–256 forced the Roman Empire to reorganize a new Roman province of Dacia south of Dan ...

See also:

Romania, Romania - Name, Romania - History, Romania - Romanian heads of state from the Unification of 1859, Romania - Politics, Romania - Administrative divisions, Romania - Geography, Romania - Largest cities, Romania - Economy, Romania - Trade, Romania - Taxation, Romania - Debt, Romania - Wages, Romania - Currency, Romania - National Budget, Romania - National Holidays, Romania - Sport in Romania, Romania - Demographics, Romania - Ethnicity, Romania - Language, Romania - Religion, Romania - Culture, Romania - Miscellaneous topics, Romania - Gallery, Romania - International rankings

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At the time Cao Huang became emperor, his name was changed to "Cao Huan", because it was difficult to observe naming taboo with the name "Huang" (which was a homonym to many common terms -- including "yellow" (黃) and "emperor" (皇)). During Cao Huan's reign, the Simas had actual power of the regime, and he was even more of a figurehead than his predecessors Cao Fang and Cao Mao. In 263, he created his wife Lady Bian empress. For the first few years of Cao Huan's reign, there were constant attacks by Shu Han's commander of armed for ...

See also:

Cao Huan, Cao Huan - Family background and ascension to the throne, Cao Huan - Reign, Cao Huan - Abdication and later life, Cao Huan - Era names, Cao Huan - Personal information

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El Djem - Amphitheatre. El Djem is famous for its amphitheatre (often incorrectly called "a colosseum"), capable of seating 35,000 spectators. Only Rome's Colosseum (about 45,000 spectators) and the ruined theatre of Capua are larger. The amphitheatre at El Djem was built by the Romans under proconsul Gordian, who was acclaimed Emperor at Thysdrus, around 238 and was probably mainly used for gladiator shows and chariot races (like in Ben-Hur). It is also possible that construction of th ...

See also:

El Djem, El Djem - History, El Djem - Sights, El Djem - Amphitheatre, El Djem - Others

Read more here: » El Djem: Encyclopedia II - El Djem - Sights

The accession to the purple of Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus "Thrax" ("the Thracian") marks the rise of the first "Barracks Emperor" par excellence. Whereas the previous military Emperors (Vespasian, Septimius Severus) had come from noble or middle-class plebeian families, Maximinus was born a commoner of a low-class family in a disreputable part of the Empire, and had begun his career as an enlisted soldier (miles). Remarkably, Maximinus never visited Rome while Emperor. Furthermore, his reign represents one of the last sallies ...

See also:

Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - The crisis begins, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - Gordianan dynasty, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - Gordianan emperors, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - Dynastic relationships, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - More instability, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - Valerianan dynasty, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - Dynastic relationships, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - The crisis at its height, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - Caran dynasty, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - Caran emperors, Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - Dynastic relationships

Read more here: » Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century: Encyclopedia II - Roman Emperor Crisis of the Third Century - The crisis begins

The major part of the Punic Wars, fought between the Punic Carthaginians and the Romans, was fought on Iberian lands. Rome gained control of the Iberian Peninsula in 201 BC after the defeat of Carthage in the Second Punic War. By then the Romans had adopted the Carthaginian name, romanized first as Ispania. The term later received an H, much like what happened with Hibernia, and was pluralized as Hispanias< ...

See also:

Hispania, Hispania - Origin of the Name, Hispania - Prehistory and Early History, Hispania - Roman Hispania, Hispania - The Hispaniae 'Spains', Hispania - Later History, Hispania - Visigoths and Arabs, Hispania - Sources and References, Hispania - Modern sources in Spanish and Portuguese, Hispania - Other Modern sources, Hispania - Classical sources

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Some sources list a further governor, a second Ulpius Marcellus. He was interpreted as a son of the first Ulpius Marcellus, serving. c. 211. This is based on a misdated inscription and it is now accepted that it refers to the earlier Ulpius Marcellus only. The two sons of emperor Septimius Severus, Caracalla and Publius Septimius Geta, administered the province to some degree during and immediately after their father's campaigns there which took place between 208 and 211. ...

See also:

Governors of Roman Britain, Governors of Roman Britain - Claudian Governors, Governors of Roman Britain - Flavian Governors, Governors of Roman Britain - Trajanic Governors, Governors of Roman Britain - Hadrianic Governors, Governors of Roman Britain - Antonine Governors, Governors of Roman Britain - Severan Governors, Governors of Roman Britain - Division into Britannia Superior and Inferior, Governors of Roman Britain - Britannia Superior, Governors of Roman Britain - Britannia Inferior, Governors of Roman Britain - Diocese of the Britains, Governors of Roman Britain - Vicarii, Governors of Roman Britain - Governors, Governors of Roman Britain - Other rulers in Roman Britain, Governors of Roman Britain - Usurpers and British-based rulers of the Western Empire, Governors of Roman Britain - Native rulers, Governors of Roman Britain - Military leaders

Read more here: » Governors of Roman Britain: Encyclopedia II - Governors of Roman Britain - Severan Governors