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225 BC | A Wisdom Archive on 225 BC | | 225 BC A selection of articles related to 225 BC | |
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225 BC, 225 BC
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 225 BC | | | |  225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins, Qi, and QinIn 371 BC, Marquess Wu of Wei passed away without specifying a successor, causing Wei to fall into an internal war of succession. After three years of civil war, Zhao and Han, sensing an opportunity, invaded Wei. On the verge of conquering Wei, the leaders of Zhao and Han fell into disagreement on what to do with Wei and both armies mysteriously retreated. As a result, King Hui of Wei (he's still a Marquess at the time) was able to ascend onto the throne of Wei.
In 354 BC, King Hui of Wei initiated a large scale attack at Zhao, which ...
See also:Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins, Qi, and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins, Qi, and Qin |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats Early in the Warring States Period, Chu was one of the strongest states in China. The state rose to a new level around 389 BC when the King of Chu named the famous reformer Wu Qi (吳起) to be his prime minister.
Chu rose to its peak in 334 BC when it gained vast amounts of territory. The series of events leading up to this began when Yue prepared to attack Qi. The King of Qi sent an emissary who persuaded the King of Yue to attack Chu instead. Yue initiated a large scale attack at Chu, but was devastatingly defeated by Chu's counter-attack. Chu the ...
See also:Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies Towards the end of the Warring States Period, the State of Qin became disproportionately powerful compared to the other six states. As a result, the policies of the six states became overwhelmingly oriented towards dealing with the Qin threat, with two opposing schools of thought: Hezong (合縱/合纵 pinyin: hézòng, "vertically linked"), or alliance with each other to repel Qin expansionism; and Lianheng (連橫/连横 pinyin: liánhéng, "horizontally linked"), or alliance with Qin to participate in its ascendancy. There were some initi ...
See also:Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats Early in the Warring States Period, Chu was one of the strongest states in China. The state rose to a new level around 389 BC when the King of Chu named the famous reformer Wu Qi (吳起) to be his prime minister.
Chu rose to its peak in 334 BC when it gained vast amounts of territory. The series of events leading up to this began when Yue prepared to attack Qi. The King of Qi sent a emissary who persuaded the King of Yue to attack Chu instead. Yue initiated a large scale attack at Chu, but was devastatingly defeated by Chu's counter-attack. Chu the ...
See also:Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Language and literature See main articles: Phoenician language, Phoenician alphabet, Alphabet.
The Phoenicians are credited with developing the Phoenician alphabet. The Phoenician alphabet arose around 1400 BC from a need to communicate with the diverse languages of their trading partners that encircled the Mediterranean Sea. Their 22-letter alphabet based on sound was widely received, as opposed to the myriad of symbols in cuneiform or hieroglyphics prevalent at the time. The Phoenician alphabet served as the origin of the Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and ...
See also:Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Origins, Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire, Phoenicia - Phoenician trade, Phoenicia - Decline, Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies, Phoenicia - Language and literature, Phoenicia - External links, Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Language and literature |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Decline Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion.
Phoenicia accepted rule by the Persians. Cyrus the Great conquered Phoenicia in 538 BC. Phoenician influence declined and later the culture that they were known for disappeared entirely in the motherland. However, its North African offspring, Carthage, continued to flourish until it was destroyed by Rome ca. 149 BC, and it is also reasonable to suppose that much of the Lebanese population ...
See also:Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Origins, Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire, Phoenicia - Phoenician trade, Phoenicia - Decline, Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies, Phoenicia - Language and literature, Phoenicia - External links, Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Decline |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - In modern media The Seleucid Empire is one of a number of factions in the 2004 PC game Rome: Total War.
The Jewish Maccabees, who expelled the Seleucid, are the name of a beer and several sports teams (including basketball and football) in Israel as of 2006.
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See also:Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - In modern media |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms 307 BC. Adoption of superior non-Chinese clothing and cavalry (胡服騎射) under the reign of King Wuling of Zhao
(in progress)
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See also:Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China In 230 BC, Qin conquers Han.
In 225 BC, Qin conquers Wei.
In 223 BC, Qin conquers Chu.
In 222 BC, Qin conquers Yan and Zhao.
In 221 BC, Qin conquers Qi, completing the unification of China, and ushering in the Qin Dynasty.
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See also:Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms In 334 BC, the rulers of Wei and Qi agreed to recognize each other as Kings (王), formalizing the independence of the states and the powerlessness of the Zhou throne since the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The King of Wei and the King of Qi joined the ranks of the King of Chu, whose predecessors had been Kings since the Spring and Autumn Period. From this point on, all the other states eventually declare their Kingship, signifying the beginning of the end of the Zhou Dynasty.
In 325 BC, the ruler of Qin declared himself as King.
In 323 BC, the rulers of Han and Yan declared themselves as ...
See also:Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - In modern media The Seleucid Empire is one of a number of factions in the 2004 PC game Rome: Total War.
The Jewish revolt Maccabee who expelled the Seleucid, are given name to an Israel Basketball team from Tel Aviv in present day.
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See also:Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - In modern media |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Language and literature See main articles: Phoenician language, Phoenician alphabet, Alphabet.
Though the Phoenicians are credited with developing the Phoenician alphabet, their alphabet is actually what is termed an abjad (different from an alphabet, in that it contains no vowels). The Phoenician abjad, first making its appearance in the 11th century BC, evolved out of the proto-Canaanite abjad, that originated around the 17th century BC. A cuneiform abjad originated to the north in Ugarit, a Canaanite city of northern Syr ...
See also:Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Origins, Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire, Phoenicia - Phoenician trade, Phoenicia - Decline, Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies, Phoenicia - Language and literature, Phoenicia - External links, Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Language and literature |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible In the Old Testament there is no reference to the Greek term Phoenicia; instead, the inhabitants of the coastal are identified by their city of origin, most often as Sidonians (Gen. x. 15; Judges iii. 3; x. 6, xviii. 7; I Kings v. 20, xvi. 31). Early relations between Israelites and the Canaanites were cordial: Hiram of Tyre a Phoenician, by modern assessment, furnished architects, workmen and cedar ti ...
See also:Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Origins, Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire, Phoenicia - Phoenician trade, Phoenicia - Decline, Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies, Phoenicia - Language and literature, Phoenicia - External links, Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Scythia - Scythian society The Scythians formed a loose network of nomadic tribes of equestrian herdsmen and raiders. They invaded many areas in the steppes of Eurasia, including areas in present-day Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and southern Ukraine and Russia. Ruled by small numbers of closely allied elites, Scythians had a reputation for their archers, and many gained employment as mercenaries.
Scythian elite were buried in kurgans, high barrows heaped over chamber-tombs of larch-wood — a deciduous conifer that may have had special significance as a tree of life- ...
See also:Scythia, Scythia - Etymology, Scythia - Scythian society, Scythia - History, Scythia - Overview, Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources, Scythia - Scythians in the Bible, Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian, Scythia - Pazyryk culture, Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk, Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan, Scythia - Scythian gold, Scythia - Sakas, Scythia - Indo-Scythians, Scythia - Scythians and China, Scythia - The genetic argument, Scythia - The idea of Scythia Read more here: » Scythia: Encyclopedia II - Scythia - Scythian society |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies From the 10th century BC, their expansive culture established cities and colonies throughout the Mediterranean. Canaanite deities like Baal and Astarte were being worshipped from Cyprus to Sardinia, Malta, Sicily, and most notably at Carthage in modern Tunisia.
In the Phoenician homeland:
Arka
Arwad
Batroun
Berut (Greek Βηρυτος; Latin Berytus; Arabic بيروت; English Beirut)
Byblos
Safita
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See also:Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Origins, Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire, Phoenicia - Phoenician trade, Phoenicia - Decline, Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies, Phoenicia - Language and literature, Phoenicia - External links, Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia Information on Phoenician cities and their hinterlands under the Achaemenid Persians is sparse. The famous event is the revolt of Sidon against Achaemenid rule in 345 BC and its destruction, dramatically (perhaps too dramatically) described by Diodorus Siculus. The arrival of Alexander the Great in 333 – 332 BC is the main turning point, for Hellenistic Phoenicia lost its influential mercantile role, and the distinctive culture of its cities was Hellenized under Alexander and his Macedonian successors. The responses of the individua ...
See also:Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Origins, Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire, Phoenicia - Phoenician trade, Phoenicia - Decline, Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies, Phoenicia - Language and literature, Phoenicia - External links, Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire Fernand Braudel remarked (in The Perspective of the World) that Phoenicia was an early example of a "world-economy" surrounded by empires. The high point of Phoenician culture and seapower is usually placed ca 1200 – 800 BC.
Many of the most important Phoenician settlements had been established long before this: Byblos, Tyre, Sidon, Simyra, Aradus and Berytus all appear in the Amarna tablets; and indeed, the first appearance in archaeology of cultural elements clearly identifiable with the Phoenician ...
See also:Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Origins, Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire, Phoenicia - Phoenician trade, Phoenicia - Decline, Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies, Phoenicia - Language and literature, Phoenicia - External links, Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Phoenician trade In the centuries following 1200 BC, the Phoenicians formed the major naval and trading power of the region. Perhaps it was through these merchants that the Hebrew word kena'ani ('Canaanite') came to have the secondary, and apt, meaning of "merchant". The Greek term "Tyrian purple" describes the dye they were especially famous for, and their port town Tyre. Phoenician trade was founded on this violet-purple dye derived from the Murex sea-snail's shell, once profusely available in coastal waters but exploited to local extinction. James ...
See also:Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Origins, Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire, Phoenicia - Phoenician trade, Phoenicia - Decline, Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies, Phoenicia - Language and literature, Phoenicia - External links, Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Phoenician trade |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Scythia - Sakas Main article: Sakas
Sakas was the name given to Scythians in Asia, especially by Persians. The Indo-Scythians were named "Shaka" in India, an extension on the name "Saka". Herodotus describes them as Scythians, called by a different name:
"The Sacae, or Scyths, were clad in trousers, and had on their heads tall stiff caps rising to a point. They bore the bow of their country and the dagger; besides which they carried the battle-axe, or sagaris. They were in truth Amyrgian (Western) Scythians, but the Persians called them Sacae, since that is the name which they gave to all Scyth ...
See also:Scythia, Scythia - Etymology, Scythia - Scythian society, Scythia - History, Scythia - Overview, Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources, Scythia - Scythians in the Bible, Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian, Scythia - Pazyryk culture, Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk, Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan, Scythia - Scythian gold, Scythia - Sakas, Scythia - Indo-Scythians, Scythia - Scythians and China, Scythia - The genetic argument, Scythia - The idea of Scythia Read more here: » Scythia: Encyclopedia II - Scythia - Sakas |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Scythia - The genetic argument Genetic research in modern populations reveals that the same Y chromosome haplogroup (R1a) represents a genetic lineage currently found in central, western and south Asia, and in Slavic populations of Eastern Europe. The simplest explanation of this distribution is that this Y-chromosome mutation originated in people of the kurgan-building culture of traditional Scythia (see link).
However haplogroups H, J2, R1b and L are also found in populations of Iran, Pakistan, Central Asia and India, and the idea that R1a1 originates from Kurgan ...
See also:Scythia, Scythia - Etymology, Scythia - Scythian society, Scythia - History, Scythia - Overview, Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources, Scythia - Scythians in the Bible, Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian, Scythia - Pazyryk culture, Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk, Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan, Scythia - Scythian gold, Scythia - Sakas, Scythia - Indo-Scythians, Scythia - Scythians and China, Scythia - The genetic argument, Scythia - The idea of Scythia Read more here: » Scythia: Encyclopedia II - Scythia - The genetic argument |
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| | | | | 225 BC: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire By 100 BC, the once formidable Seleucid Empire encompassed little more than Antioch and some Syrian cities. Despite the clear collapse of their power, and the decline of their kingdom around them, nobles continued to play kingmakers on a regular basis, with occasional intervention from Ptolemaic Egypt and other outside powers. The Seleucids existed solely because no other nation wished to absorb them -- seeing as they constituted a useful buffer between their other neighbours. In the wars in Anatolia between Mithridates VI of Pontus and Sulla of Ro ...
See also:Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire |
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