Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC - 220s BC - 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC Years: 230 BC 229 BC 228 BC 227 BC 226 BC - 225 BC - 224 BC 223 BC 222 BC 221 BC 220 BC Events Seleucus III Ceraunus succeeds his father Seleucus II Callinicus as king of the Seleucid dynasty. Battle of Faesulae, Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy. Eratosthenes of Cyrene calculates the cir ...

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Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plain of what is now Lebanon, between the Lebanon Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea. Phoenician civilization was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread right across the Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. Though ancient boundaries of such city-centered cultures fluctuated, the city of Tyre seems to have been the southernmost. Sarepta between Sidon and Tyre, is the most thoroughly excavated city of the Ph ...

Including:

• Phoenicia - Origins
• Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire
• Phoenicia - Phoenician trade
• Phoenicia - Decline
• Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia
• Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies
• Phoenicia - Language and literature
• Phoenicia - External links
• Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible

Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia - Phoenicia

Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC - 220s BC - 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC Years: 225 BC 224 BC 223 BC 222 BC 221 BC - 220 BC - 219 BC 218 BC 217 BC 216 BC 215 BC Events October/November - Pharaoh Ptolemy IV of Egypt marries his sister, who rises to the throne as Arsinoe III of Egypt. Eratosthenes measures the size of the Earth. On the island Crete, the Gortynians occupy Matala. ...

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Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by a group of Iranian people speaking Indo-Iranian languages, known as the Scythians. The location and extent of Scythia varied over time, from the Altai region where Mongolia, China, Russia, and Kazakhstan come together, across South of Ukraine to the lower Danube river area, Bulgaria and Georgia. The Saka were Asian Scythians and were known as Sai (Character: ...

Including:

• Scythia - Etymology
• Scythia - Scythian society
• Scythia - History
• Scythia - Overview
• Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources
• Scythia - Scythians in the Bible
• Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian
• Scythia - Pazyryk culture
• Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk
• Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan
• Scythia - Scythian gold
• Scythia - Sakas
• Scythia - Indo-Scythians
• Scythia - Scythians and China
• Scythia - The genetic argument
• Scythia - The idea of Scythia

Read more here: » Scythia: Encyclopedia - Scythia

The Seleucid Empire was one of several political states founded after the death of Alexander the Great, whose generals squabbled over the division of Alexander's empire. There were over 30 kings of the Seleucid dynasty from 323 to 60 BC. Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC. Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire within a short time-frame and died young, leaving an expansive empire of partly Hellenized culture without adult heir. Therefore his generals ...

Including:

• Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC
• Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain
• Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC
• Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC
• Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival
• Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration
• Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay
• Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire
• Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers
• Seleucid Empire - In modern media

Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire

The following details the state of Wei of the Warring States Period. Refer to Ran Min for his state of Wei during the Sixteen Kingdoms. For more information, see Kingdom of Wei. The Wei (simplified Chinese and traditional Chinese: 魏) was a state during the Warring States Period in China. Its territory lay between the states of Qin and Qi and included modern areas in Henan, Hebei and Shanxi and Shandong. After its capital was moved from Anyi to Daliang (today Kaifeng) during the reign of King H ...

Including:

• Wei state - List of Wei rulers

Read more here: » Wei state: Encyclopedia - Wei state

Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC - 220s BC - 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC Years: 228 BC 227 BC 226 BC 225 BC 224 BC - 223 BC - 222 BC 221 BC 220 BC 219 BC 218 BC Events Antiochus III the Great succeeds his older brother Seleucus III Ceraunus as king of the Seleucid dynasty. Achaeus is made governor of all Seleucid dominions west of the Taurus Mountains State of Qin conquered the state ...

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC - 220s BC - 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC Years: 226 BC 225 BC 224 BC 223 BC 222 BC - 221 BC - 220 BC 219 BC 218 BC 217 BC Events State of Qin conquered the state of Qi. The king of Qin unifed China and proclaimed himself First Emperor, as he was the first Chinese sovereign able to rule the whole country. He is known by historians as Qin Shi Huang. Hannib ...

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC - 220s BC - 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC Years: 232 BC 231 BC 230 BC 229 BC 228 BC - 227 BC - 226 BC 225 BC 224 BC 223 BC 222 BC Events Faced with a dangerously small number of Spartan citizens, and other handicaps to the city-state, Cleomenes III issues revolutionary reforms: cancels debts, redistributes lands, makes citizens of perioeci and metics. ...

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC - 220s BC - 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC Years: 229 BC 228 BC 227 BC 226 BC 225 BC - 224 BC - 223 BC 222 BC 221 BC 220 BC 219 BC Events The Battle of Telamon, Romans under Aemilius Papus and Gaius Atilius Regulus defeat the Gauls, but Regulus was killed

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC - 230s BC - 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC Years: 235 BC 234 BC 233 BC 232 BC 231 BC - 230 BC - 229 BC 228 BC 227 BC 226 BC 225 BC Events Sieve of Eratosthenes developed. The Roman Lucius Coruncanius is assaulted and killed while on a diplomatic mission to Queen Teuta, an event leading to the First Illyrian War. Temple of Horus built by Ptolemy II ...

Read more here: » 230 BC: Encyclopedia - 230 BC

Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC - 220s BC - 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC Years: 227 BC 226 BC 225 BC 224 BC 223 BC - 222 BC - 221 BC 220 BC 219 BC 218 BC 217 BC Events Marcus Claudius Marcellus leads the Romans to victory in the Battle of Clastidium, conquering the area later known as Cisalpine Gaul. Cleomenes III defeated and the Spartan army annihilated by the Achaean League and the ...

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Atilius was the nomen of the gens Atilia of ancient Rome. Marcus Atilius Regulus Calenus, consul 335 BC Lucius Atilius, tribune 311 BC Marcus Atilius Regulus, consul 294 BC Marcus Atilius Regulus, consul 267 BC, suffect consul 256 BC(?) Aulus Atilius A.f. Calatinus, consul 258 BC, 254 BC C. Atilius M.f. Regulus, consul 257 BC, 250 BC C. Atilius A.f. Bulbus, consul 245 BC, 235 BC Marcus Atilius Regulus, consul 227 BC, 217 BC Gaius Atilius Regulu

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The Warring States Period (traditional Chinese: 戰國時代, simplified Chinese: 战国时代 pinyin Zhànguó Shídài) takes place from sometime in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by Qin in 221 BC. It is nominally considered to be the second part of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, following the Spring and Autumn Period. Like the Spring and Autumn Period, the king of Zhou acted merely as a figurehead. The name Warring States Period was named after Record of the Warring States compiled in early Han Dynasty. The ...

Including:

• Warring States Period - Partition of Jin
• Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi
• Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin
• Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin
• Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms
• Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats
• Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies
• Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms
• Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China
• Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period

Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia - Warring States Period

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin (晉) was arguably the most powerful state in China. However, near the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the power of the ruling family weakened, and Jin gradually come under the control of six large families (六卿). By the beginning of the Warring States Period, after numerous power struggles, there were four families left: the Zhi (智) family, the Wei (魏) family, the Zhao (趙) family, and the Han (韓) family, with the Zhi family being the dominant power in Jin. Zhi Yao (智瑶), t ...

See also:

Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period

Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Partition of Jin

Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire within a short time-frame and died young, leaving an expansive empire of partly Hellenized culture without adult heir. Therefore his generals (the Diadochi) thereupon jostled for supremacy over portions of his empire. Seleucus, one of his generals, established himself in Babylon in 312 BC, used as the foundation date of the Seleucid Empire. He ruled over not only Babylonia, but the entire enormous eastern part of Alexander's Empire. Following his and Lysimachus's victory over Antigo ...

See also:

Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media

Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC

Scythia - Overview. To date, no widely accepted explanation exists for the origin of the Scythians, nor how they migrated to the Caucasus and Ukraine; but many scholars conjecture that they migrated westward from Central Asia between 800 BC and 600 BC. Herodotus says that the land where the Scythians originated was called Gerrhos. They would prepare their dead and travel with them long distances t ...

See also:

Scythia, Scythia - Etymology, Scythia - Scythian society, Scythia - History, Scythia - Overview, Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources, Scythia - Scythians in the Bible, Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian, Scythia - Pazyryk culture, Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk, Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan, Scythia - Scythian gold, Scythia - Sakas, Scythia - Indo-Scythians, Scythia - Scythians and China, Scythia - The genetic argument, Scythia - The idea of Scythia

Read more here: » Scythia: Encyclopedia II - Scythia - History

Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire within a short time-frame and died young, leaving an expansive empire of partly Hellenized culture without an adult heir. Therefore his generals (the Diadochi) thereupon jostled for supremacy over portions of his empire. Seleucus, one of his generals, established himself in Babylon in 312 BC, used as the foundation date of the Seleucid Empire. He ruled over not only Babylonia, but the entire enormous eastern part of Alexander's Empire. Following his and Lysimachus's victory over Ant ...

See also:

Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media

Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC

Herodotus's account (written c. 440 BC) refers to a faint memory from 1000 years earlier, and so may be subject to question (History, I:1): "According to the Persians best informed in history, the Phoenicians began to quarrel. This people, who had formerly reached the shores of the Erythraean Sea, having migrated to the Mediterranean from an unknown origin and settled in the parts which they now inhabit, began at once, they say, to adventure on long voyages, freighting their vessels with the ...

See also:

Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Origins, Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire, Phoenicia - Phoenician trade, Phoenicia - Decline, Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies, Phoenicia - Language and literature, Phoenicia - External links, Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible

Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Origins

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin (晉) was arguably the most powerful state in China. However, near the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the power of the ruling family weakened, and Jin gradually came under the control of six large families (六卿). By the beginning of the Warring States Period, after numerous power struggles, there were four families left: the Zhi (智) family, the Wei (魏) family, the Zhao (趙) family, and the Han (韓) family, with the Zhi family being the dominant power in Jin. Zhi Yao (智瑶), t ...

See also:

Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period

Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Partition of Jin