216 BC

Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC - 210s BC - 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC Years: 221 BC 220 BC 219 BC 218 BC 217 BC - 216 BC - 215 BC 214 BC 213 BC 212 BC 211 BC 216 BC - Events. Second Punic War: August 2 - Hannibal crushes the Romans in the Battle of Cannae, one of the greatest tactical masterpiece in military history. As a result, a number of Italian cities allied to R ...

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• 216 BC - Events
• 216 BC - Births
• 216 BC - Deaths

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Ancient warfare is war as conducted from the beginnings of history to the end of the ancient period. In Europe, the end of antiquity is often equated with the fall of Rome in 476. In China, it can also be seen as ending in the fifth century, with the growing role of mounted warriors needed to counter the ever-growing threat from the north. Ancient warfare - Overview. The difference between prehistoric and ancient warfare is less one of technology than of organization. The development of first city-states, a ...

Including:

• Ancient warfare - Overview
• Ancient warfare - Chariots
• Ancient warfare - Infantry
• Ancient warfare - Cavalry
• Ancient warfare - Naval warfare
• Ancient warfare - Tactics and weapons
• Ancient warfare - Strategy
• Ancient warfare - Tactics
• Ancient warfare - Weapons
• Ancient warfare - Sieges
• Ancient warfare - Cultures
• Ancient warfare - Chinese
• Ancient warfare - Persian
• Ancient warfare - Egyptian
• Ancient warfare - Germanic
• Ancient warfare - Greek
• Ancient warfare - Indus Valley
• Ancient warfare - Japanese
• Ancient warfare - Roman
• Ancient warfare - Important ancient wars
• Ancient warfare - Important ancient battles
• Ancient warfare - Unit types
• Ancient warfare - Sources

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August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. August 2 - Events. 338 BC - Rise of Macedon: Philip II of Macedon crushes Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea. 216 BC - Punic Wars: In the Battle of Cannae, Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro in what is considered one of the great masterpieces of the tactical art. 461 - Majorian resig ...

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• August 2 - Events
• August 2 - Births
• August 2 - Deaths
• August 2 - Holidays and observances

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The Battle of Cannae, August 2, 216 BC, was a significant battle of the Second Punic War. Although the Carthaginian army under Hannibal destroyed a numerically superior Roman army under the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro near the town of Cannae in Apulia (SE Italy), it failed to decide the outcome of the war in the favour of Carthage. The battle is famous for Hannibal's tactics as much as for the role it played in Roman history. Battle of Cannae - Prelude. At the start of the Seco ...

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• Battle of Cannae - Prelude
• Battle of Cannae - Battle
• Battle of Cannae - Aftermath

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Military science concerns itself with the study of the diverse technical, psychological, and practical phenomena that encompass the events that make up warfare, especially armed combat. It strives to be an all-encompassing scientific system that if properly employed, will greatly enhance the practitioner's ability to prevail in an armed conflict with any adversary. To this end, it is unconcerned whether that adversary is an opposing military force, guerrillas or other irregulars, o ...

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• Military science - Military organization
• Military science - Military education and training
• Military science - Military history
• Military science - Military geography
• Military science - Military technology
• Military science - Military art
• Military science - Military doctrine
• Military science - Western
• Military science - Soviet
• Military science - Chinese
• Military science - External link

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Antiochus III the Great, (c. 241–187 BC, ruled 223–187 BC), younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus, became ruler of the Seleucid Empire as a youth of about eighteen in 223 BC. His traditional designation, the Great, stems from a misunderstanding of Megas Basileus (Great king), the traditional title of the Persian kings, which he adopted. Antiochus III the Great - Early years. Antiochus III inherited a disorganized state. Not only had Asia Minor become detached, but the further easte ...

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• Antiochus III the Great - Early years
• Antiochus III the Great - Wars against Diadoches
• Antiochus III the Great - War against Rome

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC - 210s BC - 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC Years: 223 BC 222 BC 221 BC 220 BC 219 BC - 218 BC - 217 BC 216 BC 215 BC 214 BC 213 BC 218 BC - Events. Second Punic War Melita (Malta) is incorporated into the Roman Republic. October, Hannibal crosses the Alps and invades Italy. In November, Hannibal defeats the Romans under Pub ...

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• 218 BC - Events

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC - 210s BC - 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC Years: 220 BC 219 BC 218 BC 217 BC 216 BC - 215 BC - 214 BC 213 BC 212 BC 211 BC 210 BC Events April 23 - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasum. Second Punic War: Marcus Claudius Marcellus again repulses an attack by Hannibal in the Secon ...

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC - 220s BC - 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC Years: 225 BC 224 BC 223 BC 222 BC 221 BC - 220 BC - 219 BC 218 BC 217 BC 216 BC 215 BC Events October/November - Pharaoh Ptolemy IV of Egypt marries his sister, who rises to the throne as Arsinoe III of Egypt. Eratosthenes measures the size of the Earth. On the island Crete, the Gortynians occupy Matala. ...

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC - 210s BC - 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC Years: 224 BC 223 BC 222 BC 221 BC 220 BC - 219 BC - 218 BC 217 BC 216 BC 215 BC 214 BC Events Second Illyrian War: provoked by King Scerdilaidas, Rome launched a punitive expedition, which smashed the Illyrians Second Punic War: Hannibal conquers the Greek colony of Saguntum, an ally of Rome, thus provoked Rome to declare war on Carthage

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Military history - Early militaries. In the earliest societies, such as hunter-gatherer societies, there were no social roles or divisions of labor (with the exception of age or sex differences), so every able person contributed to any raids or defense of territory. Only in relatively advanced agricultural societies was there the possibility of professional soldiers or militaries as distinct, organized units. Much of what we know of ancient history is the history of militaries: their conquests, their movem ...

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Military history, Military history - Periods of military history, Military history - Early militaries, Military history - Medieval militaries, Military history - Modern militaries, Military history - Reporting of military events, Military history - Military historians, Military history - Types of warfare, Military history - Technological Evolution, Military history - Military history by region, Military history - Classified by region and era, Military history - Miscellaneous military history

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Later that summer Laevinus seized the main town of Zacynthus, except for its citadel, and the Acarnanian town of Oeniadae and the island of Nasos which he handed over to the Aetolians. He then withdrew his fleet to Corcyra for the winter.29 Upon hearing of the Roman alliance with Aetolia, Philip's first action was to secure his northern borders. He conducted raids in Illyria at Oricum and Apollonia and seized the frontier town of Sintia in Dardania or perhaps Paionia. He marched rapidly so ...

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First Macedonian War, First Macedonian War - Demetrius urges war against Rome, First Macedonian War - Philip makes peace with Aetolia, First Macedonian War - Philip builds a fleet, First Macedonian War - Philip allies with Carthage, First Macedonian War - War breaks out in Illyria, First Macedonian War - Rome seeks allies in Greece, First Macedonian War - Campaign in Greece, First Macedonian War - Attempt at Peace fails, First Macedonian War - Hostilities resume, First Macedonian War - The war ends, First Macedonian War - Notes

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Western military doctrine relies heavily on technology, the use of a well-trained and empowered NCO cadre, and superior information processing and dissemination to provide a level of battlefield awareness that opponents cannot match. Its advantages are extreme flexibility, extreme lethality, and a focus on removing an opponent's C3I (command, communications, control, and intelligence) to paralyze and incapacitate rather than destroying their combat power directly (hopefully saving lives in the process). Its drawbacks are high expense, a reli ...

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Military science, Military science - Military organization, Military science - Military education and training, Military science - Military history, Military science - Military geography, Military science - Military technology, Military science - Military art, Military science - Military doctrine, Military science - Western, Military science - Soviet, Military science - Chinese, Military science - External link

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Hannibal anticipated that a consular army would move along the coast towards Hispania, and so took a combined army of 40,000 North Africans and Iberians across southern France by an inland route and crossed the Alps over the winter. His invasion of Italia came as a surprise to the Romans, for he had constructed no fleet, and it was believed his army could not possibly make it through the mountains. Indeed, it sustained very heavy casualties, including all but three of his 37 war elephants. Nevertheless, that spring he came into Northe ...

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Second Punic War, Second Punic War - Background, Second Punic War - The war in Italy, Second Punic War - The war in Hispania, Second Punic War - The attack on Carthage, Second Punic War - Results, Second Punic War - List of battles

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Hannibal Barca ("mercy of Baal"), son of Hamilcar Barca, was born in 247 BC. After Carthage's defeat in the First Punic War, Hamilcar set about the task of improving Carthage's fortunes. To do this, Hamilcar began the subjugation of the tribes of Spain. Carthage at the time was in such a poor state that its navy was unable to ferry his army to Iberia (Hispania); instead, he had to march it to the Pillars of Hercules and cross there. According to a story he later told at the court of Antiochus, Hannibal came upon his father while he was makin ...

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Hannibal, Hannibal - Background and early career, Hannibal - Second Punic War and invasion of Italy, Hannibal - Return to Africa, Hannibal - Peacetime Carthage, Hannibal - Exile and death, Hannibal - Sources, Hannibal - Anecdotes, Hannibal - Place in history, Hannibal - Hannibal in film, Hannibal - Quote

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The consular forces at the battle amounted to 16 legions, 8 of them Roman plus an equal number of Latin allied legions, for a total of 100,000 men. Subtracting 10,000 for those left to guard the camp, the Romans brought to the field the following forces: 75,000 heavy infantry 20,000 light infantry 5,000 cavalry Opposing them was a Carthaginian army made up of: 30,000 heavy infantry 6,000 l ...

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Battle of Cannae, Battle of Cannae - Prelude, Battle of Cannae - Battle, Battle of Cannae - Aftermath

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MacMahon’s inexperience was further exposed in how he drew up his troops for battle. He placed a small advance guard in front his army and positioned the rest of his troops in a huge solid mass, which meant that it would be very difficult to manoeuvre and very few units could actually engage the enemy, being stuck within the ranks of their own men. Coote, meanwhile, who had been fighting since 1641 and whose father had been a professional soldier, drew up his men in small flexible units – able to rein ...

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Battle of Scarrifholis, Battle of Scarrifholis - Background, Battle of Scarrifholis - The campaign, Battle of Scarrifholis - The Battle, Battle of Scarrifholis - Aftermath, Battle of Scarrifholis - Sources

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The difference between prehistoric and ancient warfare is less one of technology than of organization. The development of first city-states, and then empires, allowed warfare to change dramatically. Beginning in Mesopotamia, states produced sufficient agricultural surplus that full-time ruling elites and military commanders could emerge. While the bulk of military forces were still farmers, the society could support having them campaigning rather than working the land for a portion of each year. Thus, or ...

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Ancient warfare, Ancient warfare - Overview, Ancient warfare - Chariots, Ancient warfare - Infantry, Ancient warfare - Cavalry, Ancient warfare - Naval warfare, Ancient warfare - Tactics and weapons, Ancient warfare - Strategy, Ancient warfare - Tactics, Ancient warfare - Weapons, Ancient warfare - Sieges, Ancient warfare - Cultures, Ancient warfare - Chinese, Ancient warfare - Persian, Ancient warfare - Egyptian, Ancient warfare - Germanic, Ancient warfare - Greek, Ancient warfare - Indus Valley, Ancient warfare - Japanese, Ancient warfare - Roman, Ancient warfare - Important ancient wars, Ancient warfare - Important ancient battles, Ancient warfare - Unit types, Ancient warfare - Sources

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List of wars and disasters by death toll - War and military action. These figures include deaths of civilians from diseases, famine, and atrocities as well as deaths of soldiers in battle. 62,000,000 - World War II (1937–1945), (see World War II casualties) 36,000,000 - An Lushan Rebellion (756–763) 30,000,000–60,000,000 - Mongol Conquests (13th century) 25,000,000 - Manchu Conquest of Ming China (1616–1644) 20,000,000–50,000,000 - Taiping Rebellion (1851 ...

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List of wars and disasters by death toll, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Deaths caused by humans, List of wars and disasters by death toll - War and military action, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Genocide and democide, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Terrorism, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Murder by individuals other than through terrorism, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Human sacrifice and mass suicide, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Riot or political demonstration, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Deaths caused by natural disasters, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Earthquake, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Volcanic eruption, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Tsunami, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Limnic eruption, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Extreme weather, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Hurricane typhoon and tropical cyclone, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Floods, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Blizzards, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Contractible disease, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Famine, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Death from other causes, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Fire, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Explosion, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Coal mine disasters, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Aviation, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Maritime, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Space travel, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Sporting events, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Industrial accidents, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Stampedes and Panics, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Other accidents, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Nuclear accidents

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The dictatorship was limited to six months, and no instances occur in which a person held this office for a longer time, save for the dictatorships of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and Gauis Julius Caesar. On the contrary, though a dictator was appointed for six months, he often resigned his office immediately after he had dispatched the business for which he had been appointed. As soon as the dictator was nominated, a kind of suspension took place with respect to the consuls and all the other magistrates, with the exception of the Tribune of the P ...

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Roman dictator, Roman dictator - Establishment and history, Roman dictator - Powers and abilities, Roman dictator - Magister Equitum, Roman dictator - Replacement of the dictatorate, Roman dictator - A new dictatorate and abolition, Roman dictator - Other dictatorates, Roman dictator - List of Roman dictators

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