The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar. Common usage sometimes regards it as lasting from 1900 to 1999. The 20th century is also sometimes known as the nineteen hundreds (1900s). However, a number of arguments have been used to justify the common usage. One advanced by Stephen Jay Gould is that the first decade had only nine years, thus contradicting the definition of decade equaled 10 years. Another argument is that the astronomical year numbering system for years does have a year zero, the ...

Including:

• 20th century - Overview
• 20th century - Important developments events and achievements
• 20th century - Science and technology
• 20th century - Wars and politics
• 20th century - Culture and entertainment
• 20th century - Disease and medicine
• 20th century - Natural resources and the environment
• 20th century - Significant people
• 20th century - World leaders
• 20th century - Scientists
• 20th century - Humanities
• 20th century - Business
• 20th century - Aerospace pioneers
• 20th century - Spiritual figures
• 20th century - Artists
• 20th century - Music
• 20th century - Film
• 20th century - Writers and poets
• 20th century - Sports figures
• 20th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 20th century: Encyclopedia - 20th century

See also:

20th century, 20th century - Overview, 20th century - Important developments events and achievements, 20th century - Science and technology, 20th century - Wars and politics, 20th century - Culture and entertainment, 20th century - Disease and medicine, 20th century - Natural resources and the environment, 20th century - Significant people, 20th century - World leaders, 20th century - Scientists, 20th century - Humanities, 20th century - Business, 20th century - Aerospace pioneers, 20th century - Spiritual figures, 20th century - Artists, 20th century - Music, 20th century - Film, 20th century - Writers and poets, 20th century - Sports figures, 20th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 20th century: Encyclopedia II - 20th century - Overview

20th century - World leaders. Africa Gnassingbe Eyadema, Togo Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire Kenneth Kaunda, Zambia Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya Idi Amin, Uganda Nelson Mandela, South Africa Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe Gamal Abdal Nasser, Egypt Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana Julius Nyerere, Tanzania Habib Bourguiba, Tunisia Muammar al-Qaddafi, Libya Haile Selassie, Ethiopia Léopold Sédar Sengh ...

See also:

20th century, 20th century - Overview, 20th century - Important developments events and achievements, 20th century - Science and technology, 20th century - Wars and politics, 20th century - Culture and entertainment, 20th century - Disease and medicine, 20th century - Natural resources and the environment, 20th century - Significant people, 20th century - World leaders, 20th century - Scientists, 20th century - Humanities, 20th century - Business, 20th century - Aerospace pioneers, 20th century - Spiritual figures, 20th century - Artists, 20th century - Music, 20th century - Film, 20th century - Writers and poets, 20th century - Sports figures, 20th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 20th century: Encyclopedia II - 20th century - Significant people

The 20th century brought with it upheavals that produced a series of conflicting developments within philosophy over the basis of knowledge and the validity of various absolutes. With classical certainties thought to be overthrown, and new social, economic, scientific, ethical, and logical problems, 20th-century philosophy was set for a series of attempts variously to reform, preserve, alter, abolish, previously conceived limits. Philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, and epistemology furthered seemingly antagonistic tenden ...

Including:

• 20th-century philosophy - List of philosophers
• 20th-century philosophy - Philosophical schools and tendencies
• 20th-century philosophy - Quasi-philosophical or politically-philosophical movements schools and tendencies

Read more here: » 20th-century philosophy: Encyclopedia - 20th-century philosophy

Twentieth (20th) Century Fox, shorthand for Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation, is one of the major movie studios, located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, California, USA, just west of Beverly Hills. The studio is a subsidiary of News Corporation, the media conglomerate controlled by Rupert Murdoch. 20th Century Fox - History. The company is the result of a 1935 merger of two entities, Fox Film Corporation founded by William Fox in 1914, and Twentieth Century Pictures, begun in 1932 by D ...

Including:

• 20th Century Fox - History
• 20th Century Fox - Notable films
• 20th Century Fox - 1930s
• 20th Century Fox - 1940s
• 20th Century Fox - 1950s
• 20th Century Fox - 1960s
• 20th Century Fox - 1970s
• 20th Century Fox - 1980s
• 20th Century Fox - 1990s
• 20th Century Fox - 2000s
• 20th Century Fox - 20th Television
• 20th Century Fox - TV series
• 20th Century Fox - Popular culture references and spoofs

Read more here: » 20th Century Fox: Encyclopedia - 20th Century Fox

Science and technology in ancient India covered all the major branches of human knowledge and activities, including mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, medical science and surgery, fine arts, mechanical and production technology, civil engineering and architecture, shipbuilding and navigation, sports and games. Grant Duff, a British historian has remarked: “Many of the advances in the sciences that we consider today to have been made in Europe were in fact made in India centuries ago”. Science a ...

Including:

• Science and technology in ancient India - Introduction
• Science and technology in ancient India - Mathematics
• Science and technology in ancient India - Astronomy
• Science and technology in ancient India - Physics
• Science and technology in ancient India - Chemistry
• Science and technology in ancient India - Medicine & surgery
• Science and technology in ancient India - Fine arts
• Science and technology in ancient India - Production technology
• Science and technology in ancient India - Civil engineering & architecture
• Science and technology in ancient India - Shipbuilding & navigation
• Science and technology in ancient India - Games & Sports

Read more here: » Science and technology in ancient India: Encyclopedia - Science and technology in ancient India

20th century concert dance is the name given to a category of dance forms that include: Free dance Modern dance Expressionist dance Postmodern dance Dance improvisation Contemporary dance Dance theatre Dance technology Dance for camera Although technically 20th century concert dance, the following dance forms are considered under the separate category of Ballet or 20th century ballet: Modern ballet Neoclassical balletIncluding:

• 20th century concert dance - lineage of dance forms
• 20th century concert dance - Relationship to art movements

Read more here: » 20th century concert dance: Encyclopedia - 20th century concert dance

(3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) 20th century BC - Events. 2064 – 1986 BC -- Twin Dynasty wars in Egypt. 1991 BC -- Egypt: Pharaoh Mentuhotep IV died. End of Eleventh Dynasty. Pharaoh Amenemhat I started to rule. Start of Twelfth Dynasty. 1932 BC -- Amorite conquest of Ur. 1913 – 1903 BC -- Egyptian-Nubian war. 1900 BC -- Achaean invasions of Greece. around 1900 BC -- Fall of last Sumerian dynasty. < ...

Including:

• 20th century BC - Events
• 20th century BC - Significant persons
• 20th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

Read more here: » 20th century BC: Encyclopedia - 20th century BC

The 20th Century Limited was an express passenger train operated by the New York Central Railroad from 1902 to 1967, during which time it would become known as a "National Institution" and the "Most Famous Train in the World." In the year of its last run, The New York Times said that it "...was known to railroad buffs for 65 years as the world's greatest train." The train traveled between Grand Central Terminal in New York City and LaSalle Street Station in Chicago, Illinois along the railroad's famed "Water Level Route" ...

Including:

• 20th Century Limited - Timeline

Read more here: » 20th Century Limited: Encyclopedia - 20th Century Limited

20th century classical music, the classical music of the 20th century, was extremely diverse, beginning with the late Romantic style of Sergei Rachmaninoff and the Impressionism of Claude Debussy, and ranging to such distant sound-worlds as the complete serialism of Pierre Boulez, the simple triadic harmonies of minimalist composers such as Steve Reich, and Philip Glass, the musique concrète of Pierre Schaeffer, the microtonal music adopted by Harry Pa ...

Including:

• 20th century classical music - Romantic style
• 20th century classical music - Modernism
• 20th century classical music - The Second Viennese School atonality and serialism
• 20th century classical music - Free dissonance and experimentalism
• 20th century classical music - Neoclassicism
• 20th century classical music - Post-modern music
• 20th century classical music - Post-modernity's birth
• 20th century classical music - Minimalism
• 20th century classical music - Electronic music
• 20th century classical music - Jazz-influenced composition
• 20th century classical music - Other

Read more here: » 20th century classical music: Encyclopedia - 20th century classical music

20th century brass instrumentalists include: trumpet (see also List of trumpeters) Nat Adderly Maurice André Louis Armstrong Graham Ashton Samy El Bably Bix Beiderbecke Bibi Black Buddy Bolden Clifford Brown Stephen Burns Bill Chase Miles Davis Timofei Dokschitzer Niklas Eklund Maynard Ferguson Reinhold Friedrich Paolo Fresu Armando Ghitalla Dizzy Gille ...

Read more here: » 20th century brass instrumentalists: Encyclopedia - 20th century brass instrumentalists

Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India (popularly known as 'BITS Pilani') is one of the premier technology schools of India. In addition to Pilani, BITS has 2 other campuses. These are BITS Pilani-Goa Campus in Sancole, Goa, India, and BITS Pilani-Dubai Campus in the (UAE). BITS Pilani also has an extension centre in Bangalore, and is setting up a fourth campus in Hyderabad. Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Rankings. The magazine Asiaweek published its latest r ...

Including:

• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Rankings
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Institute History
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Ford Foundation
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani Campus
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Highlights
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Hostels
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Labs and other facilities
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Current Initiatives
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Other BITS Campuses
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Admission Procedure
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Old Selection Procedure
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - New Procedure from 2005
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Annual Festivals
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - APOGEE
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - INTERFACE
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - BOSM
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Oasis
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science - BITSians of Note

Read more here: » Birla Institute of Technology and Science: Encyclopedia - Birla Institute of Technology and Science

1902: Frederick William Lanchester patents disc brakes. 1902: George Andrew Darby patents his electrical Heat-Indicator and Fire Alarm. 1905: a manually-powered domestic vacuum cleaner was invented by manufacturer Walter Griffiths of 72, Conybere Street, Highgate. It was originally patented as 'Griffiths' Improved Vacuum Apparatus for Removing Dust from Carpets'. Although an electric cleaner had been patented in 1901 by H. Cecil Booth, Griffiths' design was more similar to modern portable cleaners than Booth's cart-mounted device. 1921: the first Bri ...

See also:

Science and invention in Birmingham, Science and invention in Birmingham - 18th century, Science and invention in Birmingham - 19th century, Science and invention in Birmingham - 20th century, Science and invention in Birmingham - 21st century

Read more here: » Science and invention in Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Science and invention in Birmingham - 20th century

Developments in the 20th century: Aircraft used commercial AM radio stations for navigation. This continued through the early 1960s when VOR systems finally became widespread (though AM stations are still marked on U.S. aviation charts). In the early 1930s, single sideband and frequency modulation were invented by amateur radio operators. By the end of the decade, they were established commercial modes. Radio was used to transmit pictures visible as television as early as the 1920s. Standard analog transmission ...

See also:

History of radio, History of radio - Origins and developments, History of radio - Radio's prehistory 19th century, History of radio - Wireless beginnings, History of radio - Radio communication, History of radio - Radio factory, History of radio - Spark-gap wireless telegraphy 1896–1920, History of radio - Audio broadcasting 1915–Present, History of radio - Radio broadcasting beginnings, History of radio - FM radio, History of radio - 20th century developments, History of radio - Telex on Radio, History of radio - 21st century development, History of radio - Exotic technologies, History of radio - Television

Read more here: » History of radio: Encyclopedia II - History of radio - 20th century developments

The lines between science and technology are not always clear. Generally, science is the reasoned investigation or study of nature, aimed at finding out the truth, generally according to the scientific method. Technology is the application of knowledge (scientific, engineering, and/or otherwise) to achieve a practical result (Roussel, et.al.). For example, science might study the flow of electrons in an electric current. This knowledge may be used to create artifacts, such as semi ...

See also:

Technology, Technology - Science and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology

Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - Science and technology

In the West during the 20th century, the discipline of geography went through four major phases: environmental determinism, regional science, the quantitative revolution, and critical geography. History of geography - Environmental determinism. Environmental determinism is the theory that a peoples physical, mental and moral habits are directly due to the influence of their natural environment. Prominent environmental determinists included Carl Ritter, Ellen Churchill Semple, and Ellsworth Huntingto ...

See also:

History of geography, History of geography - The Greeks the Romans and the Arabs, History of geography - Marco Polo, History of geography - 18th century, History of geography - 19th century, History of geography - 20th century, History of geography - Environmental determinism, History of geography - Regional science, History of geography - The Quantitative revolution, History of geography - Critical geography

Read more here: » History of geography: Encyclopedia II - History of geography - 20th century

The 20th century, particularly the latter half, was a time of increasing social diversity and individualism. The world wars that dominated the first half of the century put enormous psychological pressure upon vast numbers of people -- for instance, wartime conscription meant that not only were many involuntarily forced to directly confront the threat of death, but even those not directly serving in combat were put into uniform, thus denying them freedom in their choice of clothing and hairstyle. As a result, in the 20th century there was a ...

See also:

History of subcultures in the 20th century, History of subcultures in the 20th century - Subcultures, History of subcultures in the 20th century - The beginning of the century until World War I, History of subcultures in the 20th century - World War I, History of subcultures in the 20th century - The 1920s and 30s, History of subcultures in the 20th century - The 1940s, History of subcultures in the 20th century - The 1950s, History of subcultures in the 20th century - The 1960s, History of subcultures in the 20th century - The 1970s, History of subcultures in the 20th century - The 1980s, History of subcultures in the 20th century - The 1990s, History of subcultures in the 20th century - Books both fiction and non-fiction on related matters:

Read more here: » History of subcultures in the 20th century: Encyclopedia II - History of subcultures in the 20th century - Subcultures

The 20th century was marked by a period of change. With inventions such as the light bulb, the automobile, and the telephone in the late 1800s, the quality of life improved for many. Alongside such technological progress, no one could have expected what a change 100 years would have on the political world. The United States made huge gains economically and politically; by 1900, the U.S. was the world's leading industrial power in terms of output 1. Africa, Central and South America, and Asia also gradually drifted t ...

See also:

The 20th century in review, The 20th century in review - Major events, The 20th century in review - The Great War, The 20th century in review - Russian Revolution, The 20th century in review - Between two wars, The 20th century in review - Global war, The 20th century in review - The Post-War World, The 20th century in review - The World at the End of the Twentieth century, The 20th century in review - Notes

Read more here: » The 20th century in review: Encyclopedia II - The 20th century in review - Major events

Main article: Electronic art music Technological advances in the 20th century enabled composers to use electronic means of producing sound. This took several forms: some composers simply incorporated electronic instruments into relatively conventional pieces. Olivier Messiaen, for example, used the ondes martenot in a number of works. Other composers abandoned conventional instruments and used magnetic tape to create music, recording sounds and then manipulating them in some way. Pierre Schaeffer was the pioneer of such ...

See also:

20th century classical music, 20th century classical music - Romantic style, 20th century classical music - Modernism, 20th century classical music - The Second Viennese School atonality and serialism, 20th century classical music - Free dissonance and experimentalism, 20th century classical music - Neoclassicism, 20th century classical music - Post-modern music, 20th century classical music - Post-modernity's birth, 20th century classical music - Minimalism, 20th century classical music - Electronic music, 20th century classical music - Jazz-influenced composition, 20th century classical music - Other

Read more here: » 20th century classical music: Encyclopedia II - 20th century classical music - Electronic music

The distinctions between science, engineering and technology are not always clear. Generally, science is the reasoned investigation or study of nature, aimed at discovering nonperishable relationships (principles) among elements of the experienced (phenomenal) world, generally employing formal techniques, i.e., some set of established rules of procedure, such as the scientific method. Engineering is the formal use of scientific principles to achieve a planned result. However, technology broadly involves the use and application of know ...

See also:

Technology, Technology - Technology as tool, Technology - Technology as technique, Technology - Technology as a cultural force, Technology - Science engineering and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology

Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - Science engineering and technology