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1st century AD | A Wisdom Archive on 1st century AD | | 1st century AD A selection of articles related to 1st century AD | |
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1st century AD, 1st century, 1st century - Decades and years, 1st century - Events, 1st century - Inventions discoveries introductions, 1st century - Significant persons
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1st century AD | | | |  1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexualityAlexander's greatest emotional attachment is generally considered to have been to his companion, cavalry commander (chiliarchos) and probable lover, Hephaestion. They had most likely been best friends since childhood for Hephaestion too received his education at the court of Alexander's father. Hephaestion makes his appearance in history at the point when Alexander reaches Troy. There the two friends made sacrifices at the shrines of the two heroes Achilles and Patroclus, Alexander honoring Achilles, and Hephaestion honoring Patroclus ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela The army of Alexander was, for the most part, that of his father Philip. It was composed of light and heavy troops and some engineers, medical and staff units. About one third of the army was composed of his Greek allies from the Hellenic League.
Alexander the Great - Infantry.
The main infantry corps was the phalanx, composed of six regiments (taxies) numbering about 2000 phalangites each. Each soldier had a long pike called a sarissa, which was up to 18 feet long, and a short sword. For pro ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Death On the afternoon of June 10 - 11, 323 BC, Alexander died of a mysterious illness in the palace of Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon. He was just one month shy of attaining 33 years of age. Various theories have been proposed for the cause of his death which include poisoning by the sons of Antipater or others, sickness that followed a drinking party, or a relapse of the malaria he had contracted in 336 BC.
What is certain is that on May 29, Alexander participated in a banquet organized by his friend Medius of Larissa. After some heavy drin ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Death |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire After Alexander's death, his empire was divided among his officers, mostly with the pretense of first preserving a united kingdom. Later, his officers were focused on the explicit formation of rival monarchies and territorial states.
Ultimately, the conflict was settled after the Battle of Ipsus in Phrygia in 301 BC. Alexander's empire was divided at first into four major portions: Cassander ruled in Macedon, Lysimachus in Thrace, Seleucus in Mesopotamia and Iran, and Ptolemy in the Levant and Egypt. Antigonus ruled for a while in Asi ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Early life Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedon and of Epirote princess Olympias. According to Plutarch (Alexander 3.1,3), Olympias was impregnated not by Philip, who was afraid of her and her affinity for sleeping in the company of snakes, but by Zeus. Plutarch (Alexander 2.2-3) relates that both Philip and Olympias dreamt of their son's future birth. Olympias dreamed of a loud burst of thunder and of lightning striking her womb. In Philip's dream, he sealed her womb with the seal of the lion. Alarmed by this, he consulted the seer Aristander of Telmessus, who determined that his wife was pregnant and ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Early life |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Junk ship - Design Junks are efficient and sturdy ships that were traveling across oceans as early as the 2nd century AD. They incorporated numerous technical advances in sail plan and hull designs that were later adopted in Western shipbuilding.
The historian H. Warington Smith considered the junk as one of the most efficient of ship designs:
"As an engine for carrying man and his commerce upon the high and stormy seas as well as on the vast inland waterways, it is doubtful if any class of vessel is more suited or better adapted to its ...
See also:Junk ship, Junk ship - Design, Junk ship - Sail plan, Junk ship - Hull design, Junk ship - History, Junk ship - 2nd century junks Han Dynasty, Junk ship - 10th-13th century junks Song Dynasty, Junk ship - 14th century junks Yuan Dynasty, Junk ship - 15th-17th century junks Ming Dynasty, Junk ship - 19th century junks Qing Dynasty Read more here: » Junk ship: Encyclopedia II - Junk ship - Design |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Early life Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedon and of Epirote princess Olympias. According to Plutarch (Alexander 3.1,3), Olympias was impregnated not by Philip, who was afraid of her and her affinity for sleeping in the company of snakes, but by Zeus. Plutarch (Alexander 2.2-3) relates that both Philip and Olympias dreamt of their son's future birth. Olympias dreamed of a loud burst of thunder and of lightning striking her womb. In Philip's dream, he sealed her womb with the seal of the lion. Alarmed by this, he consulted the seer Aristander of Telmessus, who determined that his wife was pregnant and ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Early life |
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| | | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism Although never officially recognized by the Catholic Church (and actually pronounced a heresy as early as 431 AD), millennialism, which had clearly already existed in Jewish thought, received a new interpretation and fresh impetus with the arrival of Christianity. A millennium is a period of one thousand years, and, in particular, Christ's thousand-year rule on this earth, either directly preceding or immedi ...
See also:Millennialism, Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm, Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation, Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism, Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium, Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements Read more here: » Millennialism: Encyclopedia II - Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation Christian views on the future order of events diversified after the Protestant reformation. In particular, new emphasis was placed on the passages in the Book of Revelation which seemed to say that Satan would be locked away for 1000 years, but then released on the world in a final battle (Rev. 20:1-6). Previous Catholic and Orthodox theologians had no clear or consensus view on what this actually meant (only the concept of an end of the world coming unexpected, "like a thief in a night", and the concept of "the antichrist" were almost universally held). Millenniali ...
See also:Millennialism, Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm, Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation, Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism, Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium, Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements Read more here: » Millennialism: Encyclopedia II - Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation |
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| | | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism The early Christian concept had ramifications far beyond strictly religious concern during the centuries to come, as it was blended and enhanced with ideas of utopia.
In the wake of early millennial thinking, the Three Ages philosophy (Drei-Reiche-Lehre) developed. Making use of the dogma of the Trinity, the Italian monk and theologian Joachim of Fiore (d. 1202) claimed that all of human history was a succession of three ages:
the Age of the Father (the Old Testament)
the Age of the Son (the New Testament)
the Age o ...
See also:Millennialism, Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm, Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation, Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism, Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium, Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements Read more here: » Millennialism: Encyclopedia II - Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism |
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| | | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism The most controversial interpretation of the Three Ages philosophy and of millennialism in general is Hitler's "Third Reich" ("Drittes Reich", "Tausendjähriges Reich"), which, in his vision, would last for a thousand years - but which in reality only lasted for 12 years (1933-1945).
The phrase "Third Reich" was coined by the conservative German thinker Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, who in 1923 published a book entitled Das Dritte Reich, which even ...
See also:Millennialism, Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm, Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation, Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism, Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium, Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements Read more here: » Millennialism: Encyclopedia II - Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality Alexander's greatest emotional attachment is generally considered to have been to his companion, cavalry commander (chiliarchos) and probable lover, Hephaestion. They had most likely been best friends since childhood for Hephaestion too received his education at the court of Alexander's father. Hephaestion makes his appearance in history at the point when Alexander reaches Troy. There the two friends made sacrifices at the shrines of the two heroes Achilles and Patroclus, Alexander honoring Achilles, and Hephaestion honoring Patroclus ...
See also:Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Solar system in astrology - The Moon Main article:Moon (astrology)
According to Manilius, the Moon is melancholic, and presides over the right arm. The Moon is the ruling planet of Cancer. In astrology, the Moon is thought to be associated with a person's emotional make-up, unconscious habits, rhythms, memories, and moods. It is also associated with emotions in general, the mother, maternal instincts or the urge to nurture, the home, and the past.
In Chinese astrology, the Moon represents Yin.
In Indian astr ...
See also:Solar system in astrology, Solar system in astrology - The Sun, Solar system in astrology - The Moon, Solar system in astrology - Mercury, Solar system in astrology - Venus, Solar system in astrology - Mars, Solar system in astrology - Jupiter, Solar system in astrology - Saturn, Solar system in astrology - Uranus, Solar system in astrology - Neptune, Solar system in astrology - Pluto, Solar system in astrology - Modern Planets Asteroids and Comets, Solar system in astrology - Ruling planets of the zodiacal signs Read more here: » Solar system in astrology: Encyclopedia II - Solar system in astrology - The Moon |
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| | | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Solar system in astrology - Mercury Main article:Mercury (astrology)
In Western astrology, Mercury is the ruling planet of Gemini and Virgo. According to Manilius, it is an inconstant, vivacious, and curious planet that presides over the right leg. Called "the winged messenger", Mercury represents the principles of mentality, thinking patterns, rationality, transport, reasoning, and communication. This follows from the planet being named after the Roman messenger god.
In Chinese astrology, Mercury is ruled by the element water.
In Indian astrology it is called 'Budh' related to ...
See also:Solar system in astrology, Solar system in astrology - The Sun, Solar system in astrology - The Moon, Solar system in astrology - Mercury, Solar system in astrology - Venus, Solar system in astrology - Mars, Solar system in astrology - Jupiter, Solar system in astrology - Saturn, Solar system in astrology - Uranus, Solar system in astrology - Neptune, Solar system in astrology - Pluto, Solar system in astrology - Modern Planets Asteroids and Comets, Solar system in astrology - Ruling planets of the zodiacal signs Read more here: » Solar system in astrology: Encyclopedia II - Solar system in astrology - Mercury |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Solar system in astrology - Venus Main article:Venus (astrology)
Since the Roman goddess Venus is the goddess of love, in Western astrology the planet Venus is also associated with love. Venus is also associated with the principles of harmony, beauty, balance and the urge to unite. According to Marcus Manilius, Venus is generous and fecund, and presides over the left arm. In Gustav Holst's musical composition The Planets, Venus is called "The Bringer of Peace". Venus is the ruling planet of Taurus and Libra.
In Chinese astrology, Venus is associated with the element metal.
In Indian astrology, Venus is a ...
See also:Solar system in astrology, Solar system in astrology - The Sun, Solar system in astrology - The Moon, Solar system in astrology - Mercury, Solar system in astrology - Venus, Solar system in astrology - Mars, Solar system in astrology - Jupiter, Solar system in astrology - Saturn, Solar system in astrology - Uranus, Solar system in astrology - Neptune, Solar system in astrology - Pluto, Solar system in astrology - Modern Planets Asteroids and Comets, Solar system in astrology - Ruling planets of the zodiacal signs Read more here: » Solar system in astrology: Encyclopedia II - Solar system in astrology - Venus |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Solar system in astrology - Mars Main article:Mars (astrology)
According to Manilius, the planet Mars is ardent, and presides over the genitals. Called "The Bringer Of War" since the planet is associated with the Roman god of war, Mars in Western astrology is associated with confident and aggressive personalities. It is also associated with the principles of energy, ambition and drive.
Mars is considered the ruling planet of Aries. Before the discovery of the planet Pluto, it was also considered the ruler of Scorpio. Most modern astrologers consider Plu ...
See also:Solar system in astrology, Solar system in astrology - The Sun, Solar system in astrology - The Moon, Solar system in astrology - Mercury, Solar system in astrology - Venus, Solar system in astrology - Mars, Solar system in astrology - Jupiter, Solar system in astrology - Saturn, Solar system in astrology - Uranus, Solar system in astrology - Neptune, Solar system in astrology - Pluto, Solar system in astrology - Modern Planets Asteroids and Comets, Solar system in astrology - Ruling planets of the zodiacal signs Read more here: » Solar system in astrology: Encyclopedia II - Solar system in astrology - Mars |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Essenes - Parallels and Influences The Essenes are discussed in detail by Josephus and Philo. Many scholars believe that the community at Qumran that allegedly produced the Dead Sea Scrolls was an offshoot of the Essenes; however, this theory has been disputed by Norman Golb and other scholars. Some suggest that Jesus was an Essene, and that Christianity evolved from this sect of Judaism, with which it shared many ideas and symbols.
According to Martin A. Larson, the now misunderstood Essenes were Jewish Pythagoreans who lived as monks. As vegetarians, celibates, and s ...
See also:Essenes, Essenes - History, Essenes - Beliefs, Essenes - Rules and Customs, Essenes - Dissolution, Essenes - Parallels and Influences, Essenes - Modern Essenes Read more here: » Essenes: Encyclopedia II - Essenes - Parallels and Influences |
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| | | | | 1st century AD: Encyclopedia II - Dead Sea scrolls - Publication Some of the documents were published in a prompt manner: all of the writing found in Cave 1 appeared in print between 1950 and 1956; the finds from 8 different caves were released in a single volume in 1963; and 1965 saw the publication of the Psalms Scroll from Cave 11. Translation of these materials quickly followed.
The exception to this speed was the documents from Cave 4, which represented 40% of the total material. The publication of these materials had been entrusted to an international team led by Father Roland de Vaux, a memb ...
See also:Dead Sea scrolls, Dead Sea scrolls - Date and contents, Dead Sea scrolls - Interpretations, Dead Sea scrolls - Essenes, Dead Sea scrolls - Sadducees, Dead Sea scrolls - Temple library, Dead Sea scrolls - Christian connections, Dead Sea scrolls - Other theories, Dead Sea scrolls - Significance, Dead Sea scrolls - Discovery, Dead Sea scrolls - Cave 1, Dead Sea scrolls - Cave 2, Dead Sea scrolls - Cave 3, Dead Sea scrolls - Cave 4, Dead Sea scrolls - Caves 5 and 6, Dead Sea scrolls - Caves 7–10, Dead Sea scrolls - Cave 11, Dead Sea scrolls - Publication, Dead Sea scrolls - Vatican conspiracy, Dead Sea scrolls - The scrolls in fiction Read more here: » Dead Sea scrolls: Encyclopedia II - Dead Sea scrolls - Publication |
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