The Therapeutae (meaning "healers" to Philo, "servants" to the Pseudo-Dionysius) and Therapeutridae (the female members of the sect) were an early pre-Christian coenobitic order that the Hellenized Jewish writer Philo of Alexandria knew from personal experience were established on a low hill by the Lake Mareotis close to Alexandria, the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt. Other communities of Therapeutae were widely established in other regions, Philo understood, for "this class of persons may be met with in many places, for both Greece and barbarian countries want to ...

Including:

• Therapeutae - Forerunners of early Christian monastic orders
• Therapeutae - Formative influences

Read more here: » Therapeutae: Encyclopedia - Therapeutae

Alexander the Great (in Greek Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, transliterated Megas Alexandros; born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, died in Babylon, on June 10, 323 BC), King of Macedon 336–323 BC, is arguably the most successful military commander in world history, conquering most of the known world before his death. Alexander is also known in the Zoroastrian Middle Persian work Arda Wiraz Nāmag as "the accursed Alexander" due to his conquest of the ...

Including:

• Alexander the Great - Early life
• Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon
• Alexander the Great - Period of conquests
• Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire
• Alexander the Great - The invasion of India
• Alexander the Great - After India
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality
• Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela
• Alexander the Great - Infantry
• Alexander the Great - Cavalry
• Alexander the Great - Death
• Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire
• Alexander the Great - Timeline
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's character
• Alexander the Great - Stories and legends
• Alexander the Great - Ancient sources
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend
• Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources
• Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander
• Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media
• Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia - Alexander the Great

The Dead Sea Scrolls comprise roughly 850 documents, including texts from the Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and 1956 in eleven caves in and around the Wadi Qumran (near the ruins of the ancient settlement of Khirbet Qumran, on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea). The texts are of great religious and historical significance, as they are practically the only remaining Biblical documents dating from before AD 100. Dead Sea scrolls - Date and contents. According to carbon dating and textual analysis, t ...

Including:

• Dead Sea scrolls - Date and contents
• Dead Sea scrolls - Interpretations
• Dead Sea scrolls - Essenes
• Dead Sea scrolls - Sadducees
• Dead Sea scrolls - Temple library
• Dead Sea scrolls - Christian connections
• Dead Sea scrolls - Other theories
• Dead Sea scrolls - Significance
• Dead Sea scrolls - Discovery
• Dead Sea scrolls - Cave 1
• Dead Sea scrolls - Cave 2
• Dead Sea scrolls - Cave 3
• Dead Sea scrolls - Cave 4
• Dead Sea scrolls - Caves 5 and 6
• Dead Sea scrolls - Caves 7–10
• Dead Sea scrolls - Cave 11
• Dead Sea scrolls - Publication
• Dead Sea scrolls - Vatican conspiracy
• Dead Sea scrolls - The scrolls in fiction

Read more here: » Dead Sea scrolls: Encyclopedia - Dead Sea scrolls

The sect of the Sadducees (or Zadokites and other variants) - which may have originated as a political party - was founded in the 2nd century BC and ceased to exist sometime after the 1st century AD. Their rivals, the Pharisees, are said to have originated in the same time period, but have survived as the later forms of Rabbinic Judaism. Their name in Hebrew was tsedduqim, a name they choose to indicate that they were followers of the teachings of the High Priest Zadok, who anointed Solomon king during the First T ...

Including:

• Sadducee - Reliability of claims
• Sadducee - Legendary origin
• Sadducee - New Testament/Greek Scriptures

Read more here: » Sadducee: Encyclopedia - Sadducee

Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish) was the name by which the Imperial Russia designated the eastern part of the principality of Moldavia annexed by Russia in 1812. The remaining Moldavia united with Wallachia in 1859 in what would become the Kingdom of Romania. In 1918, Bessarabia declared its independence from Russia and at the end of World War I, it united with the Kingdom of Romania. USSR annexed Bessarabia in the beginning of World War II (see Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) and a ...

Including:

• Bessarabia - Geography
• Bessarabia - History
• Bessarabia - Ancient times
• Bessarabia - The Age of the migrations
• Bessarabia - Principality of Moldavia
• Bessarabia - Part of Russia
• Bessarabia - Part of Romania
• Bessarabia - World War II
• Bessarabia - Part of the Soviet Union
• Bessarabia - Rise of the Independent Moldova
• Bessarabia - Population
• Bessarabia - Economy

Read more here: » Bessarabia: Encyclopedia - Bessarabia

The Kharoṣṭhī script, also known as the Gāndhārī script, is an ancient abugida (a kind of alphabetic script) used by the Gandhara culture of historic northwest India to write the Gandhari and Sanskrit languages (the Gandhara kingdom was located along the present-day border between Afghanistan and Pakistan between the Indus River and the Khyber Pass). It was in use from the middle of the 3rd century BC until it died out in its homeland around the 3rd century AD. It was also in use along the Silk Road where there is some evidence it may have survived until the 7th c ...

Read more here: » Kharoṣṭhī: Encyclopedia - Kharoṣṭhī

The words daemon and daimon, sometimes dæmon, are distinctively Hellenizing or Latinate spellings of δαιμων, used purposefully today to distinguish the daemons of Greek mythology, good or malevolent "supernatural beings between mortals and gods, such as inferior divinities and ghosts of dead heroes", from the Judeo-Christian usage demon, "a malignant spirit that can possess humans". The Greek translation of the Septuagint, made for the Greek-speaking Jews of Alexandria, and the usage of daimon in the ...

Read more here: » Daemon mythology: Encyclopedia - Daemon mythology

Millennialism (or chiliasm), from millennium, which literally means "thousand years", is primarily a belief expressed in some Christian denominations, and literature, that there will be a Golden Age or Paradise on Earth where "Christ will reign" prior to the final judgment and future eternal state, primarily derived from the book of Revelation 20:1-6. Millennialism as such is a specific form of Millenarianism. In Christianity, this is not the "end of the world", but the penultimate age, prior to when it is believed that ...

Including:

• Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm
• Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation
• Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism
• Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium
• Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism
• Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism
• Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements

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The Essenes (es'-eenz) were a religious sect of Judaism that flourished from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD in Qumran, a plateau in the Judean Desert along the Dead Sea. The origin of the name Essene is debated. Some credible possibilities are either a version of the Greek word for "holy," or an Aramaic dialect term for "pious." Geza Vermes, a scholar and writer on religious history, traces the word to the Aramaic "Esaoin", meaning "followers of Esa". Vermes identifies this with Isa, an early name for Jesus ...

Including:

• Essenes - History
• Essenes - Beliefs
• Essenes - Rules and Customs
• Essenes - Dissolution
• Essenes - Parallels and Influences
• Essenes - Modern Essenes

Read more here: » Essenes: Encyclopedia - Essenes

Junks were originally developed during the Han Dynasty (220 BC-200 AD). Junk ship - 2nd century junks Han Dynasty. The 3rd century book "Strange Things of the South" (南州異物志) by Wan Chen (萬震) describes junks capable of carrying 700 people together with 260 tons of cargo ("more than 10,000 "斛"). He explains the ship's design as follows: "The four sails do not face directly forward, but are set obliquely, and so arranged that they can all be fixed in the same direction, ...

See also:

Junk ship, Junk ship - Design, Junk ship - Sail plan, Junk ship - Hull design, Junk ship - History, Junk ship - 2nd century junks Han Dynasty, Junk ship - 10th-13th century junks Song Dynasty, Junk ship - 14th century junks Yuan Dynasty, Junk ship - 15th-17th century junks Ming Dynasty, Junk ship - 19th century junks Qing Dynasty

Read more here: » Junk ship: Encyclopedia II - Junk ship - History

The following quotation, or variants of it, is frequently attributed to Petronius: "We trained hard … but it seemed that every time we were beginning to form up into teams we would be reorganized. I was to learn later in life that we tend to meet any new situation by reorganizing; and a wonderful method it can be for creating the illusion of progress while producing confusion, inefficiency, and demoralization." This quotation is not by Petronius; the earliest reference to it dates only to 1970. There are references to it originating among disgruntled British occupying forces in post-1945 Germany (Petronian Society Newsle ...

See also:

Petronius, Petronius - Fake quotation, Petronius - In fiction, Petronius - Reference

Read more here: » Petronius: Encyclopedia II - Petronius - Fake quotation

Main article:Sun (astrology) According to Marcus Manilius (1st century AD) in his epic (8000 verses) poem Astronomica, the Sun is benign and favourable, and presides over the head. It is usually thought to represent the conscious ego, the self, and the principles of creativity, spontaneity, health and vitality - the life force. The Sun is the planetary ruler of Leo. In Chinese astrology, the Sun represents Yang. In Indian astr ...

See also:

Solar system in astrology, Solar system in astrology - The Sun, Solar system in astrology - The Moon, Solar system in astrology - Mercury, Solar system in astrology - Venus, Solar system in astrology - Mars, Solar system in astrology - Jupiter, Solar system in astrology - Saturn, Solar system in astrology - Uranus, Solar system in astrology - Neptune, Solar system in astrology - Pluto, Solar system in astrology - Modern Planets Asteroids and Comets, Solar system in astrology - Ruling planets of the zodiacal signs

Read more here: » Solar system in astrology: Encyclopedia II - Solar system in astrology - The Sun

The Priestly source follows the combined JE source based on the Jahwist and Elohist narratives, although the narrative of the priestly source is noticeably small. However, much of JE appears to have been excised in the priestly source, in particular, stories not directly concerning Judah, or its heroes, are simply not present. None of the stories involving the plain and Lot, except for a passing mention in a single verse of Sodom and Gomorrah, nor Esau and Edom, are present, and neither is there any tales ...

See also:

Priestly source, Priestly source - Nature of the Priestly text, Priestly source - Contrasted with JE, Priestly source - The dating of the Priestly text, Priestly source - The origin of the Priestly text, Priestly source - Spinning tales, Priestly source - Accretion of material, Priestly source - Response to the production of P

Read more here: » Priestly source: Encyclopedia II - Priestly source - Contrasted with JE

Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primarily Macedonians1 and Greeks, but also including some Thracians, Paionians and Illyrians. After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis and proceeded down the Ionian coast. At Halicarnassus, Alexander successfully waged the fi ...

See also:

Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests

Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primarily Macedonians1 and Greeks, but also including some Thracians, Paionians and Illyrians. After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis and proceeded down the Ionian coast. At Halicarnassus, Alexander successfully waged the fi ...

See also:

Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests

The name Bessarabia (Basarabia in Romanian) probably derives from the Wallachian family of Basarab, who once ruled over the southern part of the area. The name originally applied only to the southern part of the territory, which corresponds in size with the modern day Budjak. The Turks were the first to call it " Besarabya", which they began doing when they gained control of the area in 1484. From the 15th to the 20th centuries, the region passed successively to: Moldavia, the Ottoman Empire (only the Budjak region), Russia, Romania, the Soviet Union, Ukraine and Moldova. ...

See also:

Bessarabia, Bessarabia - Geography, Bessarabia - History, Bessarabia - Ancient times, Bessarabia - The Age of the migrations, Bessarabia - Principality of Moldavia, Bessarabia - Part of Russia, Bessarabia - Part of Romania, Bessarabia - World War II, Bessarabia - Part of the Soviet Union, Bessarabia - Rise of the Independent Moldova, Bessarabia - Population, Bessarabia - Economy

Read more here: » Bessarabia: Encyclopedia II - Bessarabia - History

Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 40,000 soldiers---primarily Macedonians [1] and Greeks, but also including some Thracians, Paionians and Illyrians. After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis and proceeded down the Ionian coast. At H ...

See also:

Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

Read more here: » Alexander the Great: Encyclopedia II - Alexander the Great - Period of conquests

The Essenes were supposed to have come into existence as a protest following the purchase by Yehoshua Ben-Shimon II (Jason son of Simon) of the high priesthood from Antiochus IV Epiphanes in 175 BC. Subsequently the Essenes referred to Yehoshua ben Shimon and his genealogically unqualified successors as The Wicked Priest (Kohein ha-Resha lit. bad priest, instead of Kohein ha-Gadol). However, others have suggested that Queen Salome Alexandra's son Hyrcanus II (63 BC-?) and the other Roman collaborators that succeeded to him are the best qualified for the Wicked Priest appellation. Either way the new illegitimate priest ...

See also:

Essenes, Essenes - History, Essenes - Beliefs, Essenes - Rules and Customs, Essenes - Dissolution, Essenes - Parallels and Influences, Essenes - Modern Essenes

Read more here: » Essenes: Encyclopedia II - Essenes - History

Bandhavgarh National Park - The park. Bandhavgarh (the present Tala Range) enjoyed almost complete protection under the Maharajas of Rewa during the pre-independence era. The jungle though had a price to pay for the considerable protection afforded by the Maharajas, Bandhavgarh was a declared game reserve and the Royal family exclusive hunting privileges. The protection afforded to the Park by the Rajahs ensured that the forest would change hands to the next generation. And after state reorganization in 1956, it didn't take long for the State ...

See also:

Bandhavgarh National Park, Bandhavgarh National Park - Topography, Bandhavgarh National Park - Climate, Bandhavgarh National Park - The terrain, Bandhavgarh National Park - Past History, Bandhavgarh National Park - The Invaluable Heritage, Bandhavgarh National Park - The park, Bandhavgarh National Park - The caves, Bandhavgarh National Park - The Fort, Bandhavgarh National Park - Making of a Tiger Land, Bandhavgarh National Park - Birth of a Protected Area, Bandhavgarh National Park - The Rich Biodiversity

Read more here: » Bandhavgarh National Park: Encyclopedia II - Bandhavgarh National Park - The Invaluable Heritage

The action of the story, which is to a certain extent historical, takes place during the time of the Peloponnesian War. In Syracuse, Chaereas falls madly in love with the beautiful Callirhoe and they are married, but when he suspects her faithfulness, he kicks her so hard that she falls over dead. There is a funeral, and she is shut up in a tomb, but then it turns out she was only in a coma, and wakes up in time to scare the pirates who've opened the tomb to rob it, but they recover quickly, and take her to sell as a slave in Miletus, where ...

See also:

Chariton, Chariton - The Loves of Chaereas and Callirhoe, Chariton - Editions and translations, Chariton - External sites

Read more here: » Chariton: Encyclopedia II - Chariton - The Loves of Chaereas and Callirhoe