The United States began expansion across the North American Continent, beginning with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. This expansion was asserted to be the Manifest Destiny of the country. This was accompanied by the subjugation and dispersal of Native Americans. The expansion was accelerated by the building of transcontinental railroads, and growing numbers of immigrants. On January 24, 1848, gold was discovered in California, leading to the largest of many gold and silver "rushes" throught the century. Millions of people flocked to mines a ...

See also:

19th century, 19th century - Europe, 19th century - Americas, 19th century - Other regions, 19th century - Events, 19th century - 1800s, 19th century - 1810s, 19th century - 1820s, 19th century - 1830s, 19th century - 1840s, 19th century - 1850s, 19th century - 1860s, 19th century - 1870s, 19th century - 1880s, 19th century - 1890s, 19th century - Significant people, 19th century - Anthropology, 19th century - Painters, 19th century - Music, 19th century - Literature, 19th century - Science, 19th century - Philosophy and religion, 19th century - Politics, 19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions, 19th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 19th century: Encyclopedia II - 19th century - Americas

See also:

19th century, 19th century - Europe, 19th century - Americas, 19th century - Other regions, 19th century - Events, 19th century - 1800s, 19th century - 1810s, 19th century - 1820s, 19th century - 1830s, 19th century - 1840s, 19th century - 1850s, 19th century - 1860s, 19th century - 1870s, 19th century - 1880s, 19th century - 1890s, 19th century - Significant people, 19th century - Anthropology, 19th century - Painters, 19th century - Music, 19th century - Literature, 19th century - Science, 19th century - Philosophy and religion, 19th century - Politics, 19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions, 19th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 19th century: Encyclopedia II - 19th century - Significant people

Main articles: Timeline of invention#19th_century and Timeline of scientific discoveries#1800s Research became institutionalized at research universities such as the University of Berlin and at corporate laboratories such as Edison's Menlo Park which accelerated the rate at which discoveries and innovations were made. Department stores Epidemiology Mail order businesses Philology ...

See also:

19th century, 19th century - Europe, 19th century - Americas, 19th century - Other regions, 19th century - Events, 19th century - 1800s, 19th century - 1810s, 19th century - 1820s, 19th century - 1830s, 19th century - 1840s, 19th century - 1850s, 19th century - 1860s, 19th century - 1870s, 19th century - 1880s, 19th century - 1890s, 19th century - Significant people, 19th century - Anthropology, 19th century - Painters, 19th century - Music, 19th century - Literature, 19th century - Science, 19th century - Philosophy and religion, 19th century - Politics, 19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions, 19th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 19th century: Encyclopedia II - 19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions

The 19th century lasted from 1801 to 1900 in the Gregorian calendar (using the Common Era system of year numbering). Historians sometimes define a "Nineteenth Century" historical era stretching from 1815 (The Congress of Vienna) to 1914 (The outbreak of the First World War); alternatively, Eric Hobsbawm defined the "Long Nineteenth Century" as spanning the years 1789 to 1914. During this century, the Spanish, Portuguese, and Ottoman empires began to crumble and the Holy Roman and Mughal empires ceased. Following t ...

Including:

19th century - Europe 19th century - Americas 19th century - Other regions 19th century - Events
19th century - 1800s 19th century - 1810s 19th century - 1820s 19th century - 1830s 19th century - 1840s 19th century - 1850s 19th century - 1860s 19th century - 1870s 19th century - 1880s 19th century - 1890s
19th century - Significant people
19th century - Anthropology 19th century - Painters 19th century - Music 19th century - Literature 19th century - Science 19th century - Philosophy and religion 19th century - Politics
19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions 19th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 19th century: Encyclopedia - 19th century

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominat ...

Including:

History of Christianity - Roots of Christianity
History of Christianity - The Jewish background History of Christianity - The Life of Jesus of Nazareth
History of Christianity - The earliest emergence of Christianity
History of Christianity - The Earliest Church History of Christianity - Break with Judaism History of Christianity - The Martyrs History of Christianity - The Apologists History of Christianity - House Churches History of Christianity - The writings of the New Testament apocrypha History of Christianity - Early heresies History of Christianity - Gnosticism History of Christianity - Competing religions
History of Christianity - Second and third centuries History of Christianity - Fourth century
History of Christianity - Development of the canon of scripture History of Christianity - Christianity legalized in the Roman Empire History of Christianity - The Christological controversies
History of Christianity - Fifth century
History of Christianity - The conversion of the Mediterranean world
History of Christianity - Developing Christianity outside the Mediterranean world History of Christianity - The development of the Papacy History of Christianity - The rise of Islam History of Christianity - Persecutions History of Christianity - Spread of Christianity to central and eastern Europe History of Christianity - Church and state in the Medieval west History of Christianity - Schisms between East and West History of Christianity - The later Middle Ages History of Christianity - Early America History of Christianity - The Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation
History of Christianity - Protestantism and the Rise of Denominationalism
History of Christianity - 19th century
History of Christianity - Anti-clericalism and atheistic communism
History of Christianity - 20th century
History of Christianity - Catholic reforms History of Christianity - Non-Catholic developments History of Christianity - The spread of secularism
History of Christianity - 21st century History of Christianity - Historiography History of Christianity - Print resources

Read more here: » History of Christianity: Encyclopedia - History of Christianity

Costumbrista refers to the literary or pictorial interpretation of local everyday life, mannerisms, and customs, primarily in the Hispanic scene. The view may be simplified and romanticized. Originating in Spain in the 19th century it expanded to America and set roots in Central and South America incorporating indigenous elements. Costumbrista museums deal with folklore and local art and costumbrista festivals celebrate local customs and artisans and their work. Costumbrismo re ...

Read more here: » Costumbrista: Encyclopedia - Costumbrista

Written in 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is one of the earliest works on "the woman question" and influenced the earliest feminists in England and America in the 19th century, primarily in their distancing themselves from the work due to the controversial life of its author. Some major themes of this work are education for girls, the debased position of women in societ ...

Read more here: » A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: Encyclopedia - A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Caudillo is a Spanish (caudilho in Portuguese) word designating "a politico-military leader at the head of an authoritative power". The related caudillismo is a cultural phenomenon that first appeared during the early 19th century in revolutionary South America, as a type of militia leader with a charismatic personality and enough of a populist program of generic future reforms to gain broad sympathy, at least at the outset, among the common people. Effective

Read more here: » Caudillo: Encyclopedia - Caudillo

In the Whyte notation, a 4-6-0 is a railroad steam locomotive that has a two-axle leading truck followed by three driving axles. This wheel arrangement became the second-most popular configuration for new steam locomotives in America in the mid-19th century. It is commonly called a Ten-wheeler. The equivalent UIC classification is 2'C. 4-6-0 - History. The first 4-6-0 built in America was the Chesapeake. It was built by Norris in March 1847 for the Philadelphia and Readin ...

Including:

4-6-0 - History

Read more here: » 4-6-0: Encyclopedia - 4-6-0

Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (in German: Reichsgraf von Rumford), (26 March 1753 - 21 August 1814), was an Anglo-American physicist and inventor whose challenges to established physical theory were part of the 19th century revolution in thermodynamics. Benjamin Thompson - Early life in America. Thompson was born in rural Woburn, Massachusetts, in America; his birthplace is preserved to this day as a museum. He was educated mainly at the village school, although he sometimes walked to Cambridg ...

Including:

Benjamin Thompson - Early life in America Benjamin Thompson - Bavarian maturity
Benjamin Thompson - Experiments on heat Benjamin Thompson - Inventions
Benjamin Thompson - Later life Benjamin Thompson - Honours Benjamin Thompson - Notes Benjamin Thompson - Bibliography

Read more here: » Benjamin Thompson: Encyclopedia - Benjamin Thompson

The term "culture war" (sometimes pluralized as "the culture wars") has been used to describe ideologically-driven and often strident confrontations typical of American public culture and politics since the 1960s, but especially beginning in the 1980s. The term evokes the 19th-century German Kulturkampf. Culture war - Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America 1991. The expression gained wide use with the 1991 publication of Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America by James Daviso ...

Including:

Culture war - Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America 1991 Culture war - Buchanan's 1992 speech Culture war - Fourth Turning 1996 Culture war - Campus culture wars Culture war - After 9/11
Culture war - Battleground issues in the culture wars

Read more here: » Culture war: Encyclopedia - Culture war

African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of African Americans, who have long constituted a large ethnic minority of the population of the United States. They were originally brought to North America to work as slaves in cotton plantations, bringing with them typically polyphonic songs from hundreds of ethnic groups across West and Sub-Saharan Africa. In the United States, multiple cultur ...

Including:

African American music - 19th century African American music - Early 20th century African American music - Mid 20th century African American music - The 1970s and 1980s African American music - The 1990s and 2000s African American music - Related topics

Read more here: » African American music: Encyclopedia - African American music

Lard is an animal fat produced from rendering the fat portions of the pig. Lard was a commonly used cooking oil though its use in contemporary cuisine has been diminished due to the health concerns posed by saturated fat and cholesterol. Lard is still commonly used to manufacture soap by small scale artisanal soapcrafters and large industries alike. Lard - History and cultural use. During the 19th century, lard was used in a similar fashion as butter in North America and many European nations. ...

Including:

Lard - History and cultural use Lard - Culinary use Lard - Source Lard - Nutritional information

Read more here: » Lard: Encyclopedia - Lard

Polka (Not to be confused with Polska) is a type of dance and genre of dance music; it originated in the middle of the 19th century in Bohemia, and is still a common genre of Czech folk music; it is also common both in Europe and in the Americas. In classical music, many polkas were composed by both Johann Strauss I and his son Johann Strauss II; a couple of well-known ones were composed by Bedrich Smetana and Jaromír Vejvoda, the autho ...

Including:

Polka - Styles Polka - Organisations Polka - Samples Polka - Some polka artists Polka - Polka Radio Polka - External link

Read more here: » Polka: Encyclopedia - Polka

Apple butter is a highly concentrated form of applesauce, produced by long, slow cooking of apples with cider or water to a point where the sugar in the apples caramelizes. The concentration of sugar gives apple butter a much longer shelf life as a preserve than applesauce. It was a popular way of using apples in colonial America, and well into the 19th century. The term "butter" refers to the thick, soft consistency, and its use as a spread for breads. Typically seasoned with cinnamon, cloves, and other spices, apple butter may be us

Read more here: » Apple butter: Encyclopedia - Apple butter

The Christadelphians are a nontrinitarian religious denomination holding a theology at variance with mainstream Christianity. Although their current name developed in Britain and North America in the 19th century, they claim a long line of believers, going back to Apostolic times, who have always been committed to upholding the purity of the gospel as understood by the original Apostles. They are primarily found in the English-speaking world, but are growing elsewhere, with Christadelphians living in approximately 130 countries. < ...

Including:

Christadelphians - Beliefs Christadelphians - History Christadelphians - Organisation

Read more here: » Christadelphians: Encyclopedia - Christadelphians

Co-sleeping, also called the family bed, is a practice in which babies and young children sleep with one or both parents. It is standard practice in many parts of the world outside of North America and Europe and was widely practiced in all areas up until the 19th century as well, until the advent of giving the child his or her own room and the crib. More recently, it has been re-introduced into Western ...

Including:

Co-sleeping - Effects of co-sleeping Co-sleeping - Sharing a bed

Read more here: » Co-sleeping: Encyclopedia - Co-sleeping

The Cochin Chicken or Cochin China, named for the southernmost region of Vietnam formerly called Cochin China, was originally known as the Chinese Shanghai. This chicken was originally bred in China and later exported to Britain and America in the mid 19th century. As a very distinctive breed of chicken, it apparently created a bit of a craze among poultry lovers in the English-speaking world. Not only was this breed one of the largest seen, with cocks weighing up to 11 pounds (5 kg), but also the soft and plentiful plum ...

Including:

Cochin chicken - Characteristics

Read more here: » Cochin chicken: Encyclopedia - Cochin chicken

At the time of the Spanish arrival, the indigenous people were mainly agriculturists and hunters living in groups along the coast, the Andean mountain range, and along the Orinoco River. Nueva Toledo, the first permanent Spanish settlement in South America, was established in Venezuela in 1522. An abortive plan for German settlement from German Habsburg lands, to be financed through the Fugger bankers, never came to fruition. By the middle of the 1500s there were still little more than 2,000 Europeans in what is now Venezuela. The ope ...

See also:

History of Venezuela, History of Venezuela - Spanish period, History of Venezuela - 19th century: independence, History of Venezuela - 20th century, History of Venezuela - Chavez and the Bolivarian Revolution, History of Venezuela - Opposition, History of Venezuela - External link

Read more here: » History of Venezuela: Encyclopedia II - History of Venezuela - Spanish period

The 19th century was perhaps the most literary of all centuries, because not only were the forms of novel, short story and magazine serial all in existence side-by-side with theatre and opera, but since film, radio and television did not yet exist, the popularity of the written word and its direct enactment were at their height. History of modern literature - The early part of the century. The romantic movement was well under way and along with it developed the splintering of fiction writing into genres an ...

See also:

History of modern literature, History of modern literature - Modern Literature 19th century, History of modern literature - The early part of the century, History of modern literature - The middle of the century, History of modern literature - The late 19th century, History of modern literature - Modernism, History of modern literature - Modernist poetry, History of modern literature - Modernist prose, History of modern literature - Modern Literature Europe, History of modern literature - Modern Literature in the Americas, History of modern literature - Australasian Literature, History of modern literature - Modern Asian Literature, History of modern literature - African Literature, History of modern literature - Structuralism Deconstruction Poststructuralism Postmodernism and Post-Colonialism, History of modern literature - Hypertext fiction

Read more here: » History of modern literature: Encyclopedia II - History of modern literature - Modern Literature 19th century