1988 - May

Subramuniyaswami: Current and 162nd satguru (1927-) of the Nandinatha Sampradaya's Kailasa Parampara. He was ordained Sivaya Subramuniyaswami by Sage Yogaswami on the full-moon day of May 12, 1949, in Jaffna, Sri Lanka, at 6:21 pm. This was just days after he had attained nirvikalpa samadhi in the caves of Jalani. Yogaswami, then 77, ordained the 22-year old yogi with a tremendous slap on the back, saying, "This will be heard in America," and conferring upon him the mission to bring the fullness of Saivism to the West. Local devotees called the initiation a coronation.

That same year, while still in Sri Lanka, Subramuniyaswami founded the Saiva Siddhanta Yoga Order and Saiva Siddhanta Church at the Sri Subramuniya Ashrama in Alaveddy. Returning to America, he spent the next six years preparing for his teaching mission through intense sadhana and tapas. He began actively teaching in 1957 when he founded the Himalayan Academy. In 1970, he established his international headquarters and monastery complex, Kauai Aadheenam, on Hawaii's Garden Island of Kauai. Five years later, he designated a portion of the 51-acre holy site as the San Marga Sanctuary, future site of Iraivan Temple, carved of white granite stone in Bangalore, India. To spearhead a growing Hindu renaissance, he founded Hinduism Today in 1979, an international monthly, full-color magazine acclaimed the world over as the the greatest advent in Hindu publishing this century. In August of 1986, the World Religious Parliament in New Delhi honored Subramuniyaswami as one of five Hindu spiritual leaders outside of India who had most dynamically promoted Sanatana Dharma in the past 25 years. He was given the title Jagadacharya, "World Teacher." In 1995 the Parliament bestowed on him the title of Dharmachakra for his remarkable publications. In April of 1988, he was selected to represent Hinduism at the five-day Global Forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders for Human Survival, held in England at Oxford University, and again in Moscow from January 11 to 15, 1990; and in Brazil, June 5­7, 1992. At Chicago's historic centenary Parliament of the World's Religions in September, 1993, he was elected to the Presidents' Assembly, a core group of 25 men and women representing the world's faiths. In late 1996 Gurudeva transformed "Hinduism Today" to a magazine, a quantum leap that extended its global reach and impact in Hindu communities. In 1997 he responded to President Bill Clinton's call for religious opinions on the ethics of human cloning and spearheded the 125th anniversary and diaspora pilgrimage of Sri Lanka's Sage Yogaswami. In Kerala, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad honored him as "The Hindu Voice of the Century." Throughout that same year he was a key member of Vision Kauai, a small group of indigenous and political leaders meeting to fashion the island's future based on ethical values.

Over the years Subramuniyaswami has written hundreds of tracts and books, which have been distributed in the tens of thousands in many languages. Especially in the 1980s, he lectured worldwide and established the worship in numerous Hindu temples. Gurudeva teaches the traditional Saivite Hindu path to enlightenment, a path that leads the soul from simple service to worshipful devotion to God, from the disciplines of meditation and yoga to the direct knowing of Divinity within. His insights into the nature of consciousness provide a key for quieting the external mind and revealing to aspirants their deeper states of being, which are eternally perfect, full of light, love, serenity and wisdom. He urges all seekers to live a life of ahimsa, harmlessness towards nature, people and creatures, an ethic which includes vegetarianism. From his ashrama in Hawaii, Gurudeva continues to follow his satguru's instruction to bring Saivism to the Western world by teaching others to "know thy Self by thyself" and thus "see God Siva everywhere." Through the ordained swamis of the Saiva Siddhanta Yoga Order, he trains young men in the ancient path of brahmacharya, enlightenment and service to humanity. Over 30 full-time monks, along with extended family groups in eight countries, have joined to fulfill this parampara's mission to further monistic Saiva Siddhanta and Hindu solidarity.

The name Subramuniya is a Tamil spelling of the Sanskrit Shubhramunya (not to be confused with Subramanya). It is formed from shubhra meaning "light; intuition," and muni, "silent sage." Ya means "restraint; religious meditation." Thus, Subramuniya means a self-restrained soul who remains silent or, when he speaks, speaks out from intuition.

(See also: Subramuniyaswami , Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

After leaving Westminster School in 1928 at the age of 16, Philby went on to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was introduced to and became an admirer of the ideals of Communism. Philby was not recruited into espionage; rather, he volunteered. He asked one of his tutors, Maurice Dobb, how he could serve the Communist movement. Perhaps ignorant of the possible consequences, Dobb referred him to a Communist front organisation, which passed Philby in turn to the Comintern underground in Vienna. The front organisation was the World Fed ...

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Kim Philby, Kim Philby - Espionage, Kim Philby - Washington, Kim Philby - Beirut, Kim Philby - Moscow, Kim Philby - Chronology, Kim Philby - Philby in fiction, Kim Philby - Philby on film and television, Kim Philby - Philby in music

Read more here: » Kim Philby: Encyclopedia II - Kim Philby - Espionage

Harold Bloom - Miscellaneous Books. (Editor) English Romantic Poetry, An Anthology, Doubleday, 1961, two-volume revised edition, Anchor, 1963. (Editor, with John Hollander) The Wind and the Rain, Doubleday, 1961. The Literary Criticism of John Ruskin, Edited and with Introduction by Harold Bloom, Anchor, 1965. (Editor, with Frederick W. Hilles) From Sensibility to Romanticism: Essays Presented to Frederick A. Pottle, Oxford University Press, 1965. ...

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Harold Bloom, Harold Bloom - Life, Harold Bloom - Bloom's Influence, Harold Bloom - Bibliography, Harold Bloom - Miscellaneous Books, Harold Bloom - Articles, Harold Bloom - Books About Harold Bloom, Harold Bloom - Awards

Read more here: » Harold Bloom: Encyclopedia II - Harold Bloom - Bibliography

Until the 1980s, the AWA was considered one of the top wrestling companies in the world. Verne Gagne had been its biggest star even before he took control of the company, and his position at the top only solidified with him as owner. Feuding against Gene Kiniski, Dr. Bill Miller, Fritz Von Erich, Dr. X (Dick Beyer under a mask), The Crusher, Ray Stevens and Nick Bockwinkel, he won the AWA World Heavyweight Championship 10 times before retiring from in-ring competition in 1981. Gagne was a former amateur-wrestling champion who had earned a sp ...

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American Wrestling Association, American Wrestling Association - History, American Wrestling Association - AWA Superstars of Wrestling, American Wrestling Association - AWA Super Cards & PPV's, American Wrestling Association - AWA Team Challenge Series, American Wrestling Association - AWA Wrestlers, American Wrestling Association - AWA Titles

Read more here: » American Wrestling Association: Encyclopedia II - American Wrestling Association - History

Recreational uses: Euphoria Relaxation Other uses: Pain relief Cough suppressant anti-diarrheal Alcohol Barbiturates Stimulants Other opioids Severe: Respiratory arrest Spontaneous abortion Atypical sensations: ? Cardiovascular: See also:

Heroin, Heroin - History, Heroin - Usage and effects, Heroin - Production and trafficking, Heroin - Manufacturing, Heroin - History, Heroin - Trafficking, Heroin - Risks of non-medical abuse of heroin, Heroin - Withdrawal, Heroin - Drug interactions, Heroin - Culture, Heroin - Books

Read more here: » Heroin: Encyclopedia II - Heroin - Usage and effects

The election was called unexpectedly in early 1988, after disgruntled NDP backbencher Jim Walding voted against his government's budget on March 9, 1988. Walding's defection in an almost evenly-divided house resulted in Howard Pawley's NDP government being defeated, 28 votes to 27. As the budget vote was a confidence measure, the Pawley ministry was forced to resign and call new elections two years ahead of schedule. Popular support for the NDP was at an historically low level when the election was called, due to soaring Autopac rates ...

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Manitoba general election 1988, Manitoba general election 1988 - Background, Manitoba general election 1988 - Issues, Manitoba general election 1988 - The Campaign, Manitoba general election 1988 - Results, Manitoba general election 1988 - Riding results, Manitoba general election 1988 - Post-election changes

Read more here: » Manitoba general election 1988: Encyclopedia II - Manitoba general election 1988 - Background

May 18 - 1048 to 1899. 1048 - Omar Khayyám, Persian poet (d. 1123) 1186 - Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (d. 1218) 1474 - Isabella d'Este, Marquise of Mantua (d. 1539) 1610 - Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (d. 1664) 1616 - Johann Jakob Froberger, German composer (d. 1667) 1662 O.S. - George Smalridge, English Bishop of Bristol (d. 1719) 1692 O.S. - Joseph Butler, English bishop and philosopher (d. 1752) 1711 - Ruđer Josip Bo ...

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May 18, May 18 - Events, May 18 - Births, May 18 - 1048 to 1899, May 18 - 1900 to 1999, May 18 - Deaths, May 18 - 1450 to 1899, May 18 - 1900 to 1999, May 18 - 2000 onwards, May 18 - Holidays and Observances

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In my work with in-person and distant healing, I've noticed a huge distinction between ordinary chi, ki, or prana, and that which is governed by the soul and kundalini energies. The universe isn't simply composed of a roiling ocean of prana-there are differing frequencies. From the relative prana to that prana which exists nearest the absolute, the energy is more refined on evolved levels of existence.

Read more here: » Healing: Distant Healing

Rifkind was born to a Jewish family in Edinburgh, and was educated at George Watson's College. He first entered Parliament representing Edinburgh Pentlands for the Scottish Conservatives in the February 1974 general election. He was appointed Junior Minister at the Scottish Office in the 1979 Thatcher Government and became Minister of State at the Foreign Office in 1983. He was promoted into the cabinet as Secretary of State for Scotland in 1986.He gained a reputation as being a moderate voice on social and economic issues,and did so ...

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Malcolm Rifkind, Malcolm Rifkind - Biography, Malcolm Rifkind - Publications

Read more here: » Malcolm Rifkind: Encyclopedia II - Malcolm Rifkind - Biography

The withdrawal syndrome from heroin (or any other short-acting opioid) can begin within 6 hours of discontinuation of sustained use of the drug: sweating, malaise, anxiety, depression, persistent and intense penile erection in males (priapism), general feeling of heaviness, cramp-like pains in the limbs, yawning and lachrymation, sleep difficulties, cold sweats, chills, severe muscle and bone aches not precipitated by any physical trauma, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, gooseflesh (hence, the term "cold turkey"), cramps, and fever occur. Many ...

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Heroin, Heroin - History, Heroin - Usage and effects, Heroin - Production and trafficking, Heroin - Manufacturing, Heroin - History, Heroin - Trafficking, Heroin - Risks of non-medical abuse of heroin, Heroin - Withdrawal, Heroin - Drug interactions, Heroin - Culture, Heroin - Books

Read more here: » Heroin: Encyclopedia II - Heroin - Withdrawal

The 18th edition Bluebook has 21 Rules. Each Rule comprises many complex detailed Rules. Structure and Use of Citations Typefaces for Law Reviews Subdivisions Short Citation Forms Quotations Abbreviations, Numerals, and Symbols Italicization for Style and in Unique Circumstances Capitalization Titles of Judges, Officials, and Terms of Court Cases Constitutions Statutes Legislative Materials Administrative and Exec ...

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Bluebook, Bluebook - Usage, Bluebook - Examples of Bluebook citation, Bluebook - Rule 1-9: Introduction and general rules, Bluebook - Rule 10: Cases, Bluebook - Rule 11: Constitutions, Bluebook - Rule 12: Statutes, Bluebook - Rule 15: Books, Bluebook - Rule 16: Periodicals, Bluebook - Criticism, Bluebook - Cryptic styles, Bluebook - Internet and other digital sources, Bluebook - Outdated rules, Bluebook - Court document citation, Bluebook - Inconsistency between editions, Bluebook - Challengers, Bluebook - Learning aids

Read more here: » Bluebook: Encyclopedia II - Bluebook - Examples of Bluebook citation

Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Alvarez hypothesis. In 1980, a team of researchers led by Nobel-prize-winning physicist Luis Alvarez, his son, geologist Walter Alvarez, and a group of colleagues discovered that fossilized sedimentary layers found all over the world at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, 65.5 million years ago contain a concentration of iridium hundreds of times greater than normal. The end of the Cretaceous coincided with the end of the dinosaurs. It was in general a period of extraordinary ...

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Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Casualties of the extinction, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Theories, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Alvarez hypothesis, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Chicxulub crater, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Deccan traps, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Multiple impact event, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Supernova hypothesis, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Further skepticism, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Other mass extinctions

Read more here: » Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event: Encyclopedia II - Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Theories

Toward the end of the war, the land conflict regressed into stalemate. Both Iraq and Iran lacked sufficient self-propelled artillery to support their respective armored forces in assaults. This was made even more important because neither side had the air force capability to support ground forces. When the relatively professional Iraqi armed force advance was halted by the sheer size and committment of Iranian infantry and the Iranian infantry moved to advance itself; it faced the terrible prospect that the Iraqis had large numbers of ...

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Iran-Iraq War, Iran-Iraq War - Background, Iran-Iraq War - Invasion and repulse, Iran-Iraq War - The Tanker War and U.S. entanglement, Iran-Iraq War - War of the Cities, Iran-Iraq War - Arming the combatants, Iran-Iraq War - Aircraft, Iran-Iraq War - U.S.-Iraqi arms transfers in the war, Iran-Iraq War - Weapons of Mass Destruction, Iran-Iraq War - Human Wave Attacks in the Iran-Iraq War, Iran-Iraq War - Aftermath, Iran-Iraq War - Final ruling, Iran-Iraq War - List of successful Iranian operations during the war

Read more here: » Iran-Iraq War: Encyclopedia II - Iran-Iraq War - War of the Cities

B'z is a famous Japanese hard rock band comprised of Tak Matsumoto (松本 孝弘 Matsumoto Takahiro, Guitar) and Koshi Inaba (稲葉 浩志 Inaba Kōshi, Vocal). B'z made their record debut with "Dakara Sono Te wo Hanashite" (だからその手を離して) on September 21, 1988. Their first big hit was from the Bad Communication mini album, which was released the next year. They quickly became one of the most popular rock bands in Japan. In their 17 year career span, B'z has had great success with 35 cons ...

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B'z, B'z - Profile, B'z - Discography, B'z - Albums, B'z - Singles, B'z - DVD and Video, B'z - LIVE-GYM

Read more here: » B'z: Encyclopedia II - B'z - Profile

Saddam married Sajida Talfah in 1958. Sajida is the daughter of Khairallah Talfah, Saddam's uncle and mentor. Their marriage was arranged when Saddam was 5 and Sajida was 7, however, the two didn't meet until their wedding; they were married in Egypt during his exile. They had two sons (Uday and Qusay) and three daughters, Rana, Raghad and Hala. Uday controlled the media, and was named Journalist of the Century by the Iraqi Union of Journalists. Qusay ran the elite Republican Guard, and was considered Saddam's heir. Both brothers made a fort ...

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Saddam Hussein, Saddam Hussein - Youth, Saddam Hussein - Consolidation of power, Saddam Hussein - Consolidation of power, Saddam Hussein - Succession, Saddam Hussein - Saddam Hussein as a secular leader, Saddam Hussein - Foreign affairs, Saddam Hussein - The Iran-Iraq War 1980–1988, Saddam Hussein - Tensions with Kuwait, Saddam Hussein - The Persian Gulf War, Saddam Hussein - Gulf War aftermath, Saddam Hussein - 1991-2003, Saddam Hussein - 2003 Invasion of Iraq, Saddam Hussein - Pursuit and capture, Saddam Hussein - Trials, Saddam Hussein - Personal, Saddam Hussein - Pop Culture, Saddam Hussein - Notes

Read more here: » Saddam Hussein: Encyclopedia II - Saddam Hussein - Personal

Like most other speech disorders, stuttering begins in early childhood, when a child is first developing his or her speech and language skills. The vast majority of stutters develop between the ages of two and five, with many stutterers outgrowing their stutter before adolescence. Most stutters manifest before the age of 7, although there have been rare cases of a stutter developing later. Almost all children go through a stage of disfluency in early speech, but when a child displays signs of a serious stutter, it is wise to seek professiona ...

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Stuttering, Stuttering - Causes, Stuttering - Genetics, Stuttering - Childhood development, Stuttering - Neurophysiology, Stuttering - Other causes, Stuttering - Onset and development, Stuttering - Characteristics, Stuttering - Fluency, Stuttering - Blocking, Stuttering - Avoidance behavior, Stuttering - Severity, Stuttering - Treatments, Stuttering - Behavioral and cognitive therapy, Stuttering - Medication, Stuttering - Electronic fluency aids, Stuttering - Stuttering and society, Stuttering - Stuttering in Music, Stuttering - Resources, Stuttering - Notes, Stuttering - References, Stuttering - External links

Read more here: » Stuttering: Encyclopedia II - Stuttering - Onset and development

Russian astronomer Vladislav V. Shevchenko proposed in 1988 three criteria that a lunar outpost should meet: good conditions for transport operations; a great number of different types of natural objects and features on the Moon of scientific interest; and natural resources, such as oxygen. While a colony might be located anywhere, potential locations for a lunar colony fall into three broad categories. See also:

Colonization of the Moon, Colonization of the Moon - History, Colonization of the Moon - Exploration phase, Colonization of the Moon - Advantages and disadvantages, Colonization of the Moon - Advantages, Colonization of the Moon - Disadvantages, Colonization of the Moon - Locations, Colonization of the Moon - Polar regions, Colonization of the Moon - Equatorial regions, Colonization of the Moon - Far side, Colonization of the Moon - Structure, Colonization of the Moon - Habitat, Colonization of the Moon - Energy, Colonization of the Moon - Transport, Colonization of the Moon - On the surface, Colonization of the Moon - Surface to space, Colonization of the Moon - Economic development, Colonization of the Moon - Moon colonies in fiction and film, Colonization of the Moon - Books, Colonization of the Moon - Television, Colonization of the Moon - Film, Colonization of the Moon - Computer and video games

Read more here: » Colonization of the Moon: Encyclopedia II - Colonization of the Moon - Locations

R.E.M. band - Studio Albums. Murmur (12 April 1983) #36 US US: Gold Reckoning (14 April 1984) #27 US; #91 UK US: Gold Fables of the Reconstruction (10 June 1985) #28 US; #35 UK US: Gold Lifes Rich Pageant (28 July 1986) #21 US; #43 UK US: Gold Document (1 September 1987) #10 US; #28 UK US: Platinum Green (8 November 1988) #12 US; #27 UK US: 2x Platinum Out of Time ...

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R.E.M. band, R.E.M. band - History, R.E.M. band - Formation 1980-1982, R.E.M. band - The I.R.S. Years 1982-1987, R.E.M. band - Rock Superstars 1988-1996, R.E.M. band - R.E.M. After Berry 1997-present, R.E.M. band - Legacy, R.E.M. band - Trivia, R.E.M. band - Samples, R.E.M. band - Discography, R.E.M. band - Studio Albums

Read more here: » R.E.M. band: Encyclopedia II - R.E.M. band - Discography

1936 - January-March. January 7-10 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: In the Battle of Ganale Doria, General Graziani attacks troops under Ras Desta Damtew guarding southern Ethiopia; after over three days of slaughter, the Ethiopians break and flee. January 15 - The first building to be completely covered in glass is completed in Toledo, Ohio, for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company. January 16 - Serial killer Albert Fish executed in Sing Sing January 20 - Death of George V of the Unite ...

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1936, 1936 - Events, 1936 - January-March, 1936 - May-June, 1936 - July-September, 1936 - October, 1936 - November-December, 1936 - Unknown Dates, 1936 - Births, 1936 - January-February, 1936 - March-April, 1936 - May-August, 1936 - September-December, 1936 - Deaths, 1936 - January-March, 1936 - April-August, 1936 - October-December, 1936 - Nobel Prizes, 1936 - Fields Medalists

Read more here: » 1936: Encyclopedia II - 1936 - Events

The Cybermen are humanoid, but have been cybernetically augmented to the point where they have few to no organic parts. In their first appearance in the series, the only portions of their bodies that still seemed human were their hands, but by their next appearance, their bodies were entirely covered up in their metallic suits. It is presumed (and often implied) that beneath their suits still exist organic components and that they are not true robots: in The Tenth Planet, a Cyberman tells a group of humans that "our brains are ...

See also:

Cyberman, Cyberman - Physical characteristics, Cyberman - Technology, Cyberman - Weapons, Cyberman - Cybermats, Cyberman - Costume design, Cyberman - History within the show, Cyberman - Origins, Cyberman - The Earth invasions, Cyberman - The Cyber-Wars, Cyberman - Other appearances, Cyberman - Spin-offs, Cyberman - Popular culture, Cyberman - Major appearances, Cyberman - Television, Cyberman - Stage plays, Cyberman - Audio plays, Cyberman - Novels

Read more here: » Cyberman: Encyclopedia II - Cyberman - Physical characteristics

Warez is often a form of copyright infringement punishable as either a civil wrong or a crime. The laws and their application to warez activities may vary greatly from country to country. Generally, however, there are four elements of criminal copyright infringement: the existence of a valid copyright, that copyright was infringed, the infringement was willful and the infringement was either for commercial gain or substanti ...

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Warez, Warez - History of warez, Warez - Product piracy, Warez - Rise of software piracy, Warez - Types of warez, Warez - Software piracy, Warez - Movie piracy, Warez - Distribution of warez, Warez - Distribution methods, Warez - File formats of warez, Warez - Motivations and arguments, Warez - Pro-warez argument, Warez - Anti-warez arguments, Warez - Legality, Warez - English law, Warez - Notes

Read more here: » Warez: Encyclopedia II - Warez - Legality