1986 (MCMLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 1986 - Events. 1986 - January. January 1 - Spain and Portugal enter the European Community January 1 - Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands and is separated from the Netherlands Antilles. January 9 - After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business. January 12 - Space shuttle Columbia is launched with the fi ...

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1986 - Events
1986 - January 1986 - February 1986 - March 1986 - April 1986 - May 1986 - June 1986 - July 1986 - August 1986 - September 1986 - October 1986 - November 1986 - December 1986 - Unknown dates
1986 - Births 1986 - Deaths
1986 - January-March 1986 - April-June 1986 - July-December
1986 - Nobel Prizes 1986 - Fields Medalists 1986 - Templeton Prize 1986 - Fiction

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1986, 1986 - Events, 1986 - January, 1986 - February, 1986 - March, 1986 - April, 1986 - May, 1986 - June, 1986 - July, 1986 - August, 1986 - September, 1986 - October, 1986 - November, 1986 - December, 1986 - Unknown dates, 1986 - Births, 1986 - Deaths, 1986 - January-March, 1986 - April-June, 1986 - July-December, 1986 - Nobel Prizes, 1986 - Fields Medalists, 1986 - Templeton Prize, 1986 - Fiction

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1986 - January-March. January 1 - Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (b. 1902) January 4 - Phil Lynott, Bassist of Thin Lizzy (b. 1949) January 7 - Juan Rulfo, Mexican writer (b. 1917) January 8 - Pierre Fournier, French cellist (b. 1906) January 10 - Jaroslav Seifert, Czech writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901) January 14 - Donna Reed, American actress (b. 1921) January 24 - L. Ron Hubbard, American writer and founder of Scientology (b. 1911) Janu ...

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1986, 1986 - Events, 1986 - January, 1986 - February, 1986 - March, 1986 - April, 1986 - May, 1986 - June, 1986 - July, 1986 - August, 1986 - September, 1986 - October, 1986 - November, 1986 - December, 1986 - Unknown dates, 1986 - Births, 1986 - Deaths, 1986 - January-March, 1986 - April-June, 1986 - July-December, 1986 - Nobel Prizes, 1986 - Fields Medalists, 1986 - Templeton Prize, 1986 - Fiction

Read more here: » 1986: Encyclopedia II - 1986 - Deaths

Khalq - President Najibullah's Administration 1986 - 1992 . Afther the 40th Soviet Army left the country, President Najibullah suffered, to a lesser degree, the same disadvantage that Karmal had when he was installed as General Secretary of the PDPA by the Soviets. This fact was shown by the fierceness of the resistance to Najibullah's appointment within the Parcham faction. This split persisted, forcing President Najibullah to straddle his politics between whatever Parchami support he could m ...

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Khalq, Khalq - Early Political History, Khalq - Khalq - Parcham division of the PDPA, Khalq - Khalq during the Republican Revolution, Khalq - PDPA-Khalq and The Saur Revolution April 1979 - April 1992, Khalq - Khalq as Government April 1979 - December 1979, Khalq - Khalq during the Parcham Government and Soviet invasion December 1979 - April 1992, Khalq - PDPA - Khalq from 1989 to our days, Khalq - President Najibullah's Administration 1986 - 1992, Khalq - Afghan Civil War 1992 - 2001, Khalq - President Karzai's Administration 2002 - To our days, Khalq - Prominent members of the Khalq faction

Read more here: » Khalq: Encyclopedia II - Khalq - PDPA - Khalq from 1989 to our days

The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan held its First Congress on January 1, 1965. Twenty-seven men gathered at Nur Mohammed Taraki's house in Kabul, elected Taraki PDPA Secretary General, Babrak Karmal as Deputy Secretary General, and chose a five-member Central Committee(or Politburo). Finally, Hafizullah Amin was the only Khalqi member of the PDPA to be elected to Parliament in 1969. Kha ...

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Khalq, Khalq - Early Political History, Khalq - Khalq - Parcham division of the PDPA, Khalq - Khalq during the Republican Revolution, Khalq - PDPA-Khalq and The Saur Revolution April 1979 - April 1992, Khalq - Khalq as Government April 1979 - December 1979, Khalq - Khalq during the Parcham Government and Soviet invasion December 1979 - April 1992, Khalq - PDPA - Khalq from 1989 to our days, Khalq - President Najibullah's Administration 1986 - 1992, Khalq - Afghan Civil War 1992 - 2001, Khalq - President Karzai's Administration 2002 - To our days, Khalq - Prominent members of the Khalq faction

Read more here: » Khalq: Encyclopedia II - Khalq - Early Political History

The 'Saur Revolution, as the new government labeled its coup d'etat (after the month in the Islamic calendar in which it occurred), was almost entirely the achievement of the Khalq faction of the PDPA. Khalq's victory was partially due to Daud's miscalculation that Parcham was the more serious threat. This success gave it effective control over the armed forces, a great advantage over its Parchami rival. During the first months of the revolution, Cabinet membership was split eleven to ten, with Khalq in the majority.< ...

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Khalq, Khalq - Early Political History, Khalq - Khalq - Parcham division of the PDPA, Khalq - Khalq during the Republican Revolution, Khalq - PDPA-Khalq and The Saur Revolution April 1979 - April 1992, Khalq - Khalq as Government April 1979 - December 1979, Khalq - Khalq during the Parcham Government and Soviet invasion December 1979 - April 1992, Khalq - PDPA - Khalq from 1989 to our days, Khalq - President Najibullah's Administration 1986 - 1992, Khalq - Afghan Civil War 1992 - 2001, Khalq - President Karzai's Administration 2002 - To our days, Khalq - Prominent members of the Khalq faction

Read more here: » Khalq: Encyclopedia II - Khalq - PDPA-Khalq and The Saur Revolution April 1979 - April 1992

Parchami suffered a series of splits when the Soviets insisted on replacing Babrak Karmal with Mohammad Najibullah as head of the PDPA on May 4, 1986. The PDPA was riven by divisions which prevented implementation of policies and compromised its internal security. These fundamental weaknesses were later partially masked by the urgency of rallying for common survival in the immediate aftermath of the Soviet withdrawal. Yet, after military successes rifts again began to surface. Karmal retained the presidency for a while, but power had ...

See also:

Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Communists take power 1978, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Opposition forces, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The search for popular support, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Internal refugees: flight to the cities, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Pakistan's attempt at a political solution 1987-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The fall of Kabul April 1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The United Nations plan for political accommodation

Read more here: » Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986-1992

The Uruguay Round was a trade negotiation lasting from September 1986 to April 1994 which transformed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade into the World Trade Organization (WTO). It was launched in Punta del Este in Uruguay (hence the name), followed by negotiations in Montreal, Geneva, Brussels, Washington D.C., and Tokyo, with the 20 agreements finally being signed in Marrakesh - the Marrakesh Agreement. See General Agreement on T ...

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Although this statute became law on April 7, 1986, its official name is the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (Pub. L. 99-272, 100 Stat. 82). Because of the discrepancy between the official name of the Act and the year in which it was enacted, some government publications refer to the Act as the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986. The Act is often referred to as COBRA. The Act allows both workers and their immediate family members who had been covered by a health care plan ...

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Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds (born April 10, 1958 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is a successful African American R&B and pop singer, songwriter, guitarist, keyboardist, record producer, film producer, and entreprenuer. Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds - Discography. 1986: Lovers 1989: Tender Lover 1991: A Closer Look 1993: For the Cool in You 1996: The Day 1997: Babyface MTV Unplugged NYC (live) 1998: ...

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Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds - Discography Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds - Singles

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This article is about Brian Keenan, the former hostage, not Brian Keenan (activist), the Irish Republican Army leader and bomber. Brian Keenan (b. 1951 in Belfast) is a Northern Irish Protestant writer whose work includes the book An Evil Cradling, an account of the five years he spent as a hostage in the Lebanon. In April, 1986, while teaching at the American University of Beirut, Keenan was kidnapped by Islamic Jihad. After spending several months in isolation, he was moved to a ce ...

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Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky (Андре́й Арсе́ньевич Тарко́вский) (April 4, 1932 - December 28, 1986) was a Russian movie director, writer, and actor. He is regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers of the Soviet era in Russia and one of the greatest in the history of cinema. Andrei Tarkovsky - Biography. Tarkovsky, son of the prominent poet Arseniy Tarkovsky, was a product of the golden era of Soviet arts education. He received a classical education in Mosco ...

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Andrei Tarkovsky - Biography Andrei Tarkovsky - Work Andrei Tarkovsky - Filmography Andrei Tarkovsky - Bibliography

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David Miscavige (born April 30, 1960) is Chairman of the Board of Religious Technology Center, a corporation that owns the trademarked names and symbols of Dianetics and Scientology. As RTC Chairman, Miscavige is the highest ecclesiastical official of the Scientology religion, a position he assumed over a year after Hubbard died in 1986. Although Religious Technology Center is a separate corporation from the Church of Scientology, Miscavige is the effective leader of the religion. In Scientology, he referred to, but not address ...

Including:

David Miscavige - Biography David Miscavige - Scientology career David Miscavige - Personal life David Miscavige - Criticism and controversies relating to Miscavige

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David Schneider (born April 15, 1986) is a British actor and comedian. Although he has had a small role in several movies, including the horror film 28 Days Later and a small part in Mission: Impossible, he is mostly known through his work in British television, in particular alongside Armando Iannucci and Steve Coogan. Schneider played the fictional BBC Commissioning Editor, Tony Hayers, who was physically assaulted by Alan Partridge which lead to the cancellation of Partridge's (fictional) show. He also played various ...

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On April 27, 1978 a coup was initiated, reportedly by Hafizullah Amin while he was under house arrest. Mohammed Daoud Khan was killed the next day. The communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) gained control and on May 1 Nur Mohammed Taraki became President. The country was then renamed the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA), which lasted until 1992. The PDPA had split into several factions in 1967, soon after its founding. Ten years later the efforts of the Soviet Union had brought back together the Khal ...

See also:

Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Communists take power 1978, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Opposition forces, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The search for popular support, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Internal refugees: flight to the cities, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Pakistan's attempt at a political solution 1987-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The fall of Kabul April 1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The United Nations plan for political accommodation

Read more here: » Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Communists take power 1978

Mohammad Zahir Shah succeeded to the throne and reigned from 1933 to 1973. Zahir's cousin, Mohammad Daoud, served as Prime Minister from 1953 to 1963. The Marxian People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was credited significant growth in these years. In 1967, the PDPA split into two rival factions, the Khalq (Masses) faction headed by Nur Muhammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin and the Parcham (Banner) faction led by Babrak Karmal. Former Prime Minister Daoud seized power in a military coup on July 17, 1973 through charges of corr ...

See also:

Soviet war in Afghanistan, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background, Soviet war in Afghanistan - April 1978 coup, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Marxist government, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deployment, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The USSR in the Afghan Civil War, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986 - 1989, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Aftermath, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Cinema

Read more here: » Soviet war in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - April 1978 coup

Afghanistan, the crossroads of Central Asia, has a long history of armed conflict. In the 4th century BCE, Alexander the Great entered the territory, then part of the Persian Empire, to capture Bactria (present-day Balkh). Invasions by the Scythians and Turks followed in succeeding centuries. In AD 642, Arabs invaded the entire region and introduced Islam. Afghanistan's nearly impassable mountainous and desert terrain reflects its ethnically and linguistically singular population. Pashtuns are the most dominant ethnic group along with, Tajik ...

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Soviet war in Afghanistan, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background, Soviet war in Afghanistan - April 1978 coup, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Marxist government, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deployment, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The USSR in the Afghan Civil War, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986 - 1989, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Aftermath, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Cinema

Read more here: » Soviet war in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background

During its first 18 months of rule, the PDPA applied a Marxist-style program of reforms. Decrees setting forth changes in marriage customs and land reform were misunderstood by a population deeply indulged in tradition. Thousands of members of the traditional elite, the religious establishment and intelligentsia were persecuted. Within the PDPA, conflicts resulted in exiles, purges and executions. By the summer of 1978, a rebellion began in the Nuristan region of eastern Afghanistan and civil war spread throughout the country. In Sept ...

See also:

Soviet war in Afghanistan, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background, Soviet war in Afghanistan - April 1978 coup, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Marxist government, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deployment, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The USSR in the Afghan Civil War, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986 - 1989, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Aftermath, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Cinema

Read more here: » Soviet war in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Marxist government

In December 1978, Moscow signed a bilateral treaty of friendship and cooperation with Afghanistan which permitted Soviet deployment in case of an Afghan request. Soviet military assistance increased and Amin’s regime became increasingly dependent on Soviet military equipment and advisers. However, by October 1979 relations between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union were tense as Amin dismissed Soviet advice on stabilizing his government. Islamic guerrillas in the mountainous countryside harassed the Afghan army to the point where the ...

See also:

Soviet war in Afghanistan, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background, Soviet war in Afghanistan - April 1978 coup, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Marxist government, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deployment, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The USSR in the Afghan Civil War, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986 - 1989, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Aftermath, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Cinema

Read more here: » Soviet war in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deployment

Following the deployment, the Soviet troops were unable to establish authority outside Kabul. As much as 80% of the countryside still escaped effective government contact. The initial mission, to guard cities and installations, was expanded to combat the anti-communist Mujahideen forces primarily by Soviet reservists. Early military reports emphasized the difficulty of fighting on the mountainous terrain, for which the Soviet Army was unfamiliar. Weaponry and military equipment, particularly armored cars and tanks, were vulnerable and Soviet troops had no anti-gu ...

See also:

Soviet war in Afghanistan, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background, Soviet war in Afghanistan - April 1978 coup, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Marxist government, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deployment, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The USSR in the Afghan Civil War, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986 - 1989, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Aftermath, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Cinema

Read more here: » Soviet war in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - The USSR in the Afghan Civil War