1985 - April

Mines are used in many different ways and for different reasons. International law requires nations to declare when they mine an area. This is to make it easier for civil shipping to avoid the mines. The warnings do not have to be specific however. For example, Britain declared areas such as the English Channel, North Sea and French coast mined during the Second World War. There are three main uses of mines: Offensive, Defensive and Psychological. Offensive mines are placed in enemy waters, outside harbours and in important routes. Th ...

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Naval mine, Naval mine - Early History, Naval mine - Types, Naval mine - Contact mines, Naval mine - Unusual mine systems, Naval mine - Anti sweep mine, Naval mine - Rocket mine, Naval mine - Torpedo mine, Naval mine - Bouquet mine, Naval mine - Ascending mine, Naval mine - Mine laying, Naval mine - Damage, Naval mine - Direct damage, Naval mine - Bubble jet effect, Naval mine - The shaking effect, Naval mine - Countermeasures, Naval mine - Passive countermeasures, Naval mine - Active countermeasures, Naval mine - Strategy, Naval mine - Economy, Naval mine - Mines and the USA, Naval mine - US Mines

Read more here: » Naval mine: Encyclopedia II - Naval mine - Strategy

Economy of India - State planning. After independence, India opted to have a centrally planned economy to ensure an effective and equitable allocation of national resources for the purpose of balanced economic development. After liberalisation, the emergence of a market economy with a fast growing private sector, planning has become indicative, rather than prescriptive in nature. The process of formulation and direction of the Five-Year Plans is carried out by the Planning Commission, headed by the Prime Minister of India as its chairperson.

Economy of India, Economy of India - History, Economy of India - Pre-colonial, Economy of India - Colonial, Economy of India - Post-independence, Economy of India - Government intervention, Economy of India - State planning, Economy of India - Mixed economy, Economy of India - Public expenditure, Economy of India - Public receipts, Economy of India - General budget, Economy of India - Currency System, Economy of India - Rupee, Economy of India - Exchange rates, Economy of India - Determinants, Economy of India - Demographics, Economy of India - Geography and natural resources, Economy of India - Physical infrastructure, Economy of India - Politics, Economy of India - Financial institutions, Economy of India - Sectors, Economy of India - Agriculture, Economy of India - Industry, Economy of India - Services, Economy of India - Banking and finance, Economy of India - Socio-economic characteristics, Economy of India - Poverty, Economy of India - Corruption, Economy of India - Occupations and unemployment, Economy of India - Regional imbalance, Economy of India - External trade and investment, Economy of India - Global trade relations, Economy of India - Balance of payments, Economy of India - Notes

Read more here: » Economy of India: Encyclopedia II - Economy of India - Government intervention

Hansen turned down the opportunity to study at university in Aberdeen in order to join his brother John at Partick Thistle for whom he played more than 100 times between 1973 and 1977. He quickly established a reputation for himself as a confident central defender and was watched by numerous top clubs. In 1977, Hansen was purchased by Liverpool as the Anfield club pursued a unique treble of League championship, FA Cup and European Cup. They missed out on this, winning the league and in Europe but losing the FA Cup final to Manchester ...

See also:

Alan Hansen, Alan Hansen - Football career, Alan Hansen - Television Career

Read more here: » Alan Hansen: Encyclopedia II - Alan Hansen - Football career

Staines - Early History. The name Staines is thought to derive from Old English for 'stones', due to a long-lost site of monoliths in nearby Stanwell. Others believe the name to derive from 'St Anne's in the Thames'. There has been a bridge since Roman times (hence the Roman name of the town Pontes). Claudius led the Romans into Britain in 43 AD and they settled in Staines the same year. Soon after this invasion the first Staines Bridge was constructed to provide an important Thames crossing point on main road from Londinium (L ...

See also:

Staines, Staines - Economy, Staines - Culture, Staines - Shopping, Staines - Transport, Staines - Famous Residents, Staines - History, Staines - Early History, Staines - Modern history, Staines - Staines Urban District, Staines - Chronology, Staines - Local media

Read more here: » Staines: Encyclopedia II - Staines - History

Main article: Politics of Nigeria Nigeria is a Federal Republic, comprising 36 states plus the Federal Capital Territory of Abuja. ...

See also:

Nigeria, Nigeria - History, Nigeria - Early history, Nigeria - Colonialism and pre-independence, Nigeria - Independence, Nigeria - Army coups of 1966, Nigeria - Civil war, Nigeria - Military government 1974-1979, Nigeria - Army coup of 1983, Nigeria - Army coup of 1985, Nigeria - New constitution and failed elections, Nigeria - Attempted coup and international condemnation, Nigeria - Military intervention in Liberia and Sierra Leone, Nigeria - Failed elections of 1998, Nigeria - The rise of Obasanjo, Nigeria - Politics, Nigeria - States, Nigeria - Geography, Nigeria - Economy, Nigeria - Demographics, Nigeria - Education, Nigeria - Public Health Issues, Nigeria - Polio, Nigeria - Obstetric Fistula, Nigeria - Culture

Read more here: » Nigeria: Encyclopedia II - Nigeria - Politics

The name Don Rosa originates from Italy. His grandfather, Gioachino Rosa, lived in Moniago, a small village at the foot of the Alps in Northern Italy, in the province of Pordenone. Gioachino Rosa emigrated to Kentucky, United States in 1915 just after the birth of his son Hugo Rosa. Hugo Rosa was later married in Kentucky. His wife was born to a German American father and a mother with both Scottish and Irish ancestry. Hugo Rosa and his wife became parents to Keno Don Hugo Rosa on June 29, 1951. The boy was named after both his father and grandfather. Gioachino was called 'Keno' for short. See also:

Don Rosa, Don Rosa - History, Don Rosa - Childhood, Don Rosa - First Cartoons, Don Rosa - Marriage, Don Rosa - Working for Gladstone, Don Rosa - Working for Egmont, Don Rosa - His Work, Don Rosa - Drawing style, Don Rosa - Carl Barks, Don Rosa - D.U.C.K., Don Rosa - Mickeys, Don Rosa - Awards

Read more here: » Don Rosa: Encyclopedia II - Don Rosa - History

After centuries of pre-Columbian civilization, Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés first arrived in the area, then the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, in 1519. He did not succeed in conquering the city until August 13, 1521, after a 79-day siege that destroyed most of the old Aztec city. The city served as the capital of the viceroyalty of New Spain from ca. 1525 to the outbreak of the War of Independence in 1810, and of the various Mexican states afterwards. Most of the growth of Mexico City in population occurred in th ...

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Mexico City, Mexico City - History, Mexico City - Modern Mexico City, Mexico City - Attractions, Mexico City - Sports, Mexico City - Transportation, Mexico City - Urban Problems, Mexico City - Education, Mexico City - Politics, Mexico City - Nickname, Mexico City - Delegaciones, Mexico City - Colonias

Read more here: » Mexico City: Encyclopedia II - Mexico City - History

Hawking took up Einstein's mantle and solved many of the paradoxes of relativity by theorising the existence of objects with very high mass and zero space with gravity so crushing that they absorb all light and are hence invisible. The theory has since been refined to fall in line with quantum mechanics and with general developments in physics. In addition to academic work, Hawking believed that the average person should have access to these concepts and wrote a series of popular science books. His first book, A Brief History of Ti ...

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Stephen Hawking, Stephen Hawking - Biography, Stephen Hawking - Research fields, Stephen Hawking - Illness, Stephen Hawking - Distinction, Stephen Hawking - Losing an old bet, Stephen Hawking - Awards, Stephen Hawking - Publications, Stephen Hawking - Technical, Stephen Hawking - Popular, Stephen Hawking - Popular culture

Read more here: » Stephen Hawking: Encyclopedia II - Stephen Hawking - Distinction

The Aston Martin V8 is a two-door saloon-type automobile manufactured in the United Kingdom from 1969 to 1990. Aston Martin's customers had been clamouring for an eight-cylinder car for years, so Aston Martin designed a larger 2-door saloon for V8 applications. The engine was not ready, however, so in 1967 the company released the DBS with the straight-6 Vantage engine from the DB6. Two years later, Tadek Marek's V8 was ready, and Aston released the DBS V8. With the demise of the straight-6 Vantage in 1973, the DB ...

Including:

• Aston Martin V8 - DBS V8
• Aston Martin V8 - V8
• Aston Martin V8 - Series 2
• Aston Martin V8 - Series 3
• Aston Martin V8 - Series 4 Oscar India
• Aston Martin V8 - Series 5
• Aston Martin V8 - James Bond

Read more here: » Aston Martin V8: Encyclopedia - Aston Martin V8

Đorđe Balašević - Žetva and Rani mraz. Upon Balašević joining "Žetva", the band recorded a tango single hit "U razdeljak te ljubim" with them, which sold more than 180,000 copies, a huge success by Yugoslav standards. In 1978 he leaves "Žetva" and together with Verica Todorović forms band "Rani mraz" (trans. Early frost). The band has it's début on Opatija '78., music festival with song "Moja prva ljubav". The same year the band is joined by Biljana Krstić and Bora Đorđević, and toget ...

See also:

Đorđe Balašević, Đorđe Balašević - Early biography, Đorđe Balašević - Musical career, Đorđe Balašević - Žetva and Rani mraz, Đorđe Balašević - Early solo career, Đorđe Balašević - War years and after, Đorđe Balašević - Music, Đorđe Balašević - Concerts, Đorđe Balašević - Fans, Đorđe Balašević - Politics, Đorđe Balašević - Controversy, Đorđe Balašević - Releases, Đorđe Balašević - Albums, Đorđe Balašević - Singles, Đorđe Balašević - Books

Read more here: » Đorđe Balašević: Encyclopedia II - Đorđe Balašević - Musical career

R.S.C. Anderlecht - The first years 1908--1935. Founded as Sporting Club Anderlechtois in 1908 by some football fans at the Concordia café (rue d'Aumale in Anderlecht, a municipality of Brussels), the club beat Institut Saint-Georges on its first match (11-8). As they were winning most of their matches, the secretary decided to join the official competition in 1909. They began at the regional level and at the end of the season, they had already qualified to play in the higher division. In 1913, the ...

See also:

R.S.C. Anderlecht, R.S.C. Anderlecht - History, R.S.C. Anderlecht - The first years 1908--1935, R.S.C. Anderlecht - The first titles 1935--1968, R.S.C. Anderlecht - The European years 1968--1984, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Recent years 1984--2005, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Colours and badge, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Stadium, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Supporters, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Current squad, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Players out on loan, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Noted players, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Noted managers, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Chairmen, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Honours, R.S.C. Anderlecht - European competitions

Read more here: » R.S.C. Anderlecht: Encyclopedia II - R.S.C. Anderlecht - History

Although studio albums don't paint an entirely accurate picture of the band's creative talent, the band released many. They recorded their debut album, Phish, in 1986, and began touring nationally soon after, playing 150 concerts in 1990 alone. They were signed to Elektra Records in 1991. All Phish albums feature the classic lineup of Trey Anastasio, Mike Gordon, Jon Fishman, and Page McConnell. Phish - Studio Albums. 1. Phish (The White Tape) (unofficially circulated in 1986 ...

See also:

Phish, Phish - The Beginning, Phish - Climb to the Top, Phish - Cultural Icons, Phish - One More Time, Phish - Band Members 1983-2004, Phish - Their Music, Phish - Discography, Phish - Studio Albums, Phish - Live Albums besides LivePhish series, Phish - Celebrity Fans, Phish - Fan Activities

Read more here: » Phish: Encyclopedia II - Phish - Discography

Mulroney's legacy is a complicated one, and even as of 2006 remains one heavily based on emotion. Mulroney makes the case that his once radical policies on the economy and free trade were not reversed by subsequent governments, and regards this as vindication. His Deputy Prime Minister Don Mazankowski said that his greatest accomplishment will be seen as, "Dragging Canada kicking and screaming into the 21st century." Mulroney's legacy in Canada is associated mostly with the 1988 free trade agree ...

See also:

Brian Mulroney, Brian Mulroney - Background, Brian Mulroney - Prime Minister, Brian Mulroney - First Term, Brian Mulroney - Second Term, Brian Mulroney - Retirement, Brian Mulroney - After politics, Brian Mulroney - Legacy, Brian Mulroney - Supreme Court appointments, Brian Mulroney - Notable cabinet ministers, Brian Mulroney - Quote

Read more here: » Brian Mulroney: Encyclopedia II - Brian Mulroney - Legacy

In 1961, he became the leader of the ANC's armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (translated as Spear of the Nation, also abbreviated MK), which he co-founded. He co-ordinated a sabotage campaign against military and government targets, and made plans for a possible guerrilla war if sabotage failed to end apartheid. A few decades later, MK did indeed wage a guerrilla war against the regime, especially during the 1980s. Mandela also raised funds for MK abroad, and arranged for pa ...

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Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment

As an actor with no prior political experience, Estrada ran for mayor of San Juan, a municipality of Metro Manila, in 1968 and ended up losing the contest. He was only proclaimed mayor in 1969, after winning an electoral protest against Dr. Braulio Sto. Domingo. When Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency in 1986, all officials of the local government suspected of malfeasance and anomalies were removed and replaced by appointed officers-in-charge. Estrada was then removed from his position as mayor. The following year, he ran an ...

See also:

Joseph Estrada, Joseph Estrada - Early life and career, Joseph Estrada - Filmography, Joseph Estrada - Vice-Presidency, Joseph Estrada - Presidency, Joseph Estrada - Election, Joseph Estrada - Philippine Daily Inquirer, Joseph Estrada - Corruption charges and impeachment, Joseph Estrada - EDSA II Revolution, Joseph Estrada - Post-presidency

Read more here: » Joseph Estrada: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Estrada - Filmography

Carl Hiaasen [pronounced "hiya-sun"] (born March 12, 1953) is an American journalist and novelist. Born and raised in Plantation, Florida (near Fort Lauderdale), Carl was the first of four children and the son of a lawyer, Odel and teacher, Patricia. He married Connie Lyford just after high-school graduation and entered Emory University in 1970. In 1972 he transferred to the University of Flori ...

Including:

• Carl Hiaasen - Bibliography
• Carl Hiaasen - Fiction
• Carl Hiaasen - Non-fiction
• Carl Hiaasen - Awards
• Carl Hiaasen - Other Florida-based crime fiction writers
• Carl Hiaasen - External link

Read more here: » Carl Hiaasen: Encyclopedia - Carl Hiaasen

Although they began their career as an interesting New Wave art-school band in the tradition of Roxy Music, the band's quick rise to stardom, their polished good looks, and their embrace of the teen press seemed to have doused their chances of favour from music critics. The British music press was particularly venomous. During the 1980s, Duran Duran were considered the quintessential manufactured, throw-away pop group – not too different from other boy bands created by behind-the-scenes managers (Menudo, New Kids On The Block, *NSYNC). Whi ...

See also:

Duran Duran, Duran Duran - History of Duran Duran, Duran Duran - 1978–1980: Origins, Duran Duran - 1981–1982: A band is launched, Duran Duran - 1983–1984: On top of the world, Duran Duran - 1985: The band falls apart, Duran Duran - 1986–1991: Waning success, Duran Duran - 1992–1996: A second climb another fall, Duran Duran - 1997–2000: Soldiering on, Duran Duran - 2001–2005: A highly anticipated reunion, Duran Duran - 2006 and beyond: World Tour and a New Album, Duran Duran - Influence, Duran Duran - Video pioneers, Duran Duran - Discography, Duran Duran - Line Ups

Read more here: » Duran Duran: Encyclopedia II - Duran Duran - Influence

Like most other speech disorders, stuttering begins in early childhood, when a child is first developing his or her speech and language skills. The vast majority of stutters develop between the ages of two and five, with many stutterers outgrowing their stutter before adolescence. Most stutters manifest before the age of 7, although there have been rare cases of a stutter developing later. Almost all children go through a stage of disfluency in early speech, but when a child displays signs of a serious stutter, it is wise to seek professiona ...

See also:

Stuttering, Stuttering - Causes, Stuttering - Genetics, Stuttering - Childhood development, Stuttering - Neurophysiology, Stuttering - Other causes, Stuttering - Onset and development, Stuttering - Characteristics, Stuttering - Fluency, Stuttering - Blocking, Stuttering - Avoidance behavior, Stuttering - Severity, Stuttering - Treatments, Stuttering - Behavioral and cognitive therapy, Stuttering - Medication, Stuttering - Electronic fluency aids, Stuttering - Stuttering and society, Stuttering - Stuttering in Music, Stuttering - Resources, Stuttering - Notes, Stuttering - References, Stuttering - External links

Read more here: » Stuttering: Encyclopedia II - Stuttering - Onset and development

Indian Navy - Ships. The fleet of the Indian Navy is a mix of indigenously built vessels and ships bought from other nations. Though the quality of India-built ships is up to world standards, the ability to produce the required numbers is below par. India's navy is expanding, particularly in carrier aviation. Current carrier, INS Viraat (formerly HMS Hermes), will be retired by the end of the decade. After ten years of negotiations the Indian government announced in January 2004 that they wil ...

See also:

Indian Navy, Indian Navy - History of the Indian Navy, Indian Navy - Major Conflicts, Indian Navy - Navy Personnel, Indian Navy - Strength, Indian Navy - Structure of the Indian Navy, Indian Navy - Marine Commando Force, Indian Navy - Weapons, Indian Navy - Ships, Indian Navy - Missiles guns artillery equipments, Indian Navy - Future plans, Indian Navy - External link

Read more here: » Indian Navy: Encyclopedia II - Indian Navy - Weapons

The paper was first published as the Los Angeles Daily Times on December 4, 1881, but soon went bankrupt. The paper's printer, the Mirror Company, took over the newspaper and installed former Union Army lieutenant colonel Harrison Gray Otis as an editor. Otis made the paper a financial success. In 1884, he bought out the newspaper and printing company to form the Times-Mirror Company. Historian Andrew Rolle calls Otis "the single most important force in Los Angeles aside from government itself." Otis's editorial p ...

See also:

Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Times - History, Los Angeles Times - Chandler era, Los Angeles Times - Decline, Los Angeles Times - Competition and rivalry, Los Angeles Times - Features

Read more here: » Los Angeles Times: Encyclopedia II - Los Angeles Times - History

After Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's suspension of civil liberties in 1975, Mother Teresa said: "People are happier. There are more jobs. There are no strikes." These approving comments were seen as a result of the friendship between Teresa and the Congress Party. Mother Teresa's comments were even criticized outside India within Catholic media. (Chatterjee, p. 276.) An Indian-born writer living in Britain, Dr. Aroup Chatterjee, who had briefly worked in one of Mother Teresa's homes, began investigations into the finances and o ...

See also:

Mother Teresa, Mother Teresa - Early life and work, Mother Teresa - Foundation of the Missionaries of Charity, Mother Teresa - International fame, Mother Teresa - Deteriorating health and death, Mother Teresa - Miracle and beatification, Mother Teresa - Political and social views, Mother Teresa - Criticism, Mother Teresa - Baptisms of the dying, Mother Teresa - Motivation of charitable activities, Mother Teresa - Quality of medical care, Mother Teresa - Destination of donations, Mother Teresa - Notes

Read more here: » Mother Teresa: Encyclopedia II - Mother Teresa - Criticism

1986 in music - Grammy Awards. Grammy Awards of 1986 1986 in music - Country Music Association Awards. 1986 in music - Eurovision Song Contest. Eurovision Song Contest 1986 ...

See also:

1986 in music, 1986 in music - Events, 1986 in music - Albums released, 1986 in music - Top hits, 1986 in music - Published popular music, 1986 in music - Classical music, 1986 in music - Opera, 1986 in music - Musical theater, 1986 in music - Musical films, 1986 in music - Musical television, 1986 in music - Births, 1986 in music - Deaths, 1986 in music - Awards, 1986 in music - Grammy Awards, 1986 in music - Country Music Association Awards, 1986 in music - Eurovision Song Contest, 1986 in music - Charts, 1986 in music - List of No. 1 Hits, 1986 in music - KROQ

Read more here: » 1986 in music: Encyclopedia II - 1986 in music - Awards