1980s - Music

Before the 1960s, the Cantonese music available in Hong Kong was limited largely to traditional Cantonese opera and comic renditions of Western music. Tang Kee-chan (鄧寄塵), Cheng Kuan-min (鄭君綿), and Tam Ping-man (譚炳文) were among the early artists releasing Cantonese records in Hong Kong during this period. The younger generation of the time preferred British and American exports, as well as Mandarin Taiwanese music. Some considered fondness for Western music to be a mark of education or sophistication; conversely, those who preferred Cant ...

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Cantopop, Cantopop - Early development, Cantopop - Cantopop lyrics, Cantopop - Characteristics of Cantopop, Cantopop - The Golden age of Cantopop, Cantopop - Cantopop market, Cantopop - Cantopop stars, Cantopop - Male artistes, Cantopop - Female artistes, Cantopop - Groups, Cantopop - Recent developments in Cantopop, Cantopop - Notes

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Britpop - The Modfather and Modern Life is Rubbish 1991 – 1993. Weller in particular is praised as the founder and initiator of the movement. His solo records Paul Weller (1991) and Wild Wood (1993) are considered seminal forces for the movement. His influence over the Britpop, coupled with his love of Mod music, had earned him the nickname "The Modfather". As well as guiding Blur, Ocean Colour Scene through his recordings, Weller has also performed with the bands, including playing guit ...

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Britpop, Britpop - Roots and Influences, Britpop - History, Britpop - The Modfather and Modern Life is Rubbish 1991 – 1993, Britpop - Britpop and Cool Britannia 1994 – 1996, Britpop - Deceleration of the movement 1997 – 1999, Britpop - Legacy, Britpop - Britpop bands

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There are two major kinds of synthesizers, analog and digital. There are also many different kinds of synthesis methods, each applicable to both analog and digital synthesizers. These techniques tend to be mathematically related, especially frequency modulation and phase modulation. Subtractive synthesis Additive synthesis Granular synthesis Wavetable synthesis Frequency modulation synthesis Phase distortion synthesis Physical modelling synthesis Digi ...

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Synthesizer, Synthesizer - Sound basics, Synthesizer - Overview of popular synthesis methods, Synthesizer - Synthesizer basics, Synthesizer - The start of the analog synthesizer era, Synthesizer - Homemade synthesizers, Synthesizer - Electronic organs vs. synthesizers, Synthesizer - Microprocessor controlled and polyphonic analog synthesizers, Synthesizer - MIDI control, Synthesizer - FM synthesis, Synthesizer - PCM synthesis, Synthesizer - The physical modelling synthesizer, Synthesizer - The modern digital synthesizer, Synthesizer - Software-only synthesis, Synthesizer - Commercial synthesizer manufacturers, Synthesizer - Classic synthesizer designs, Synthesizer - Source

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Events resulting from the Vietnam War led many people in Cambodia, Laos, and especially Vietnam to become refugees in the late 1970s and 1980s, after the fall of Saigon. In Cambodia, the genocidal Khmer Rouge regime murdered millions of people in the "Killing Fields" massacres, and many attempted to escape. In Vietnam, the new communist government sent many people who supported the old government in the South to "re-education camps", and others to "new economic zones." These factors, coupled with poverty, caused millions of Vietnamese to fle ...

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Boat people, Boat people - Indochinese boat people, Boat people - Refugee camps

Read more here: » Boat people: Encyclopedia II - Boat people - Indochinese boat people

Calculator - Origin: The Abacus. The first calculators were abacuses, and were often constructed as a wooden frame with beads sliding on wires. Abacuses were in use centuries before the adoption of the written Arabic numerals system and are still widely used by merchants and clerks in China and elsewhere. Calculator - The 17th century. Wilhelm Schickard built the first automatic calculator called the "Calculating Clock" in 1623. Some 20 years later, in 1645, French philosopher ...

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Calculator, Calculator - Overview, Calculator - Electronic calculators, Calculator - Personal computing, Calculator - History, Calculator - Origin: The Abacus, Calculator - The 17th century, Calculator - 1930s to 1960s, Calculator - 1970s to mid-1980s, Calculator - Mid-1980s to present, Calculator - Drawbacks, Calculator - Trivia, Calculator - Patents

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Main article: Culture of Iraq In the most recent millennium, what is now Iraq has been made up of five cultural areas: Kurdish in the north centered on Arbil; Sunni Islamic Arabs in the center around Baghdad; Shi'a Islamic Arabs in the south centered on Basra; the Assyrians, who are a Christian people, living in various cities in the North; and the Marsh Arabs, a nomadic peoples, who live on the marshlands of the central river. Markets, and debating the price of goods, are the common form of trade.See also:

Iraq, Iraq - History, Iraq - Modern politics, Iraq - Minority oppression, Iraq - Governorates, Iraq - Geography, Iraq - Economy, Iraq - Demographics, Iraq - Culture, Iraq - Miscellaneous topics

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Willie Dixon (July 1, 1915 – January 29, 1992) was a well-known American blues bassist, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was born as William James Dixon in Vicksburg, Mississippi. He was a producer for Chess and Checker Records in Chicago, Illinois and is considered one of the key figures in the creation of Chicago blues. He worked with Chuck Berry, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Otis Rush, Bo Diddley, Little Walter, Sonny Boy Williamson, Koko Taylor, Little Milton, Eddie Boyd, Jimmy Witherspoon, Lo ...

Including:

• Willie Dixon - Songs

Read more here: » Willie Dixon: Encyclopedia - Willie Dixon

In 1970, the band teamed up with fledgling producer Bob Ezrin on their album entitled Love It to Death. This was the first of more than 10 Alice Cooper group and solo albums done with Ezrin who is credited with having helped to create their definitive sound. A hit single soon followed in 1971's 'I'm Eighteen'. The band's trailblazing mix of shock and glam theatrics stood out amongst bearded, denim-clad hippy bands by sporting sequined costumes by the prominent rock fashion designer Cindy Dunaway (Pink Floyd, The Who) and stage shows t ...

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Alice Cooper, Alice Cooper - 1970s, Alice Cooper - 1980s, Alice Cooper - 1990s, Alice Cooper - 2000s, Alice Cooper - Discography, Alice Cooper - Hits, Alice Cooper - Line ups, Alice Cooper - 1963-1972, Alice Cooper - 1973, Alice Cooper - 1974-1976, Alice Cooper - 1977-1979, Alice Cooper - 1980-1983, Alice Cooper - 1984-1988, Alice Cooper - 1989-1993, Alice Cooper - 1994-2002, Alice Cooper - 2003-2005, Alice Cooper - Fans, Alice Cooper - Golf, Alice Cooper - Politics, Alice Cooper - Other, Alice Cooper - Popularity, Alice Cooper - Enough Rope interview

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In the late 18th century, a trading settlement on the banks of the Oconee River called Cedar Shoals stood where Athens is located today. On January 27, 1785, the Georgia General Assembly granted a charter by Abraham Baldwin for the University of Georgia as the first state-supported university. Sixteen years later, in 1801, a committee from the university's board of trustees selected a site for the university on a hill above Cedar Shoals in what was then Jackson County. On July 25, John Milledge, one of the trustees and later governor of Geor ...

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Athens, Georgia, Athens, Georgia - History, Athens, Georgia - Geography, Athens, Georgia - Demographics

Read more here: » Athens, Georgia: Encyclopedia II - Athens, Georgia - History

Since the closing of the 20th Century, the 1920s has drawn close associations with the 1990s,especially in the United States. This due to the fact both decades were considered very economically prosperous times, and a prosperity which lasted throughout almost the entire decade following a tremendous event at the closing of the previous decade (World War I and Spanish flu in the late 1910s, and the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s). In the United States, this decad ...

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1920s, 1920s - Events and trends, 1920s - Technology, 1920s - Science, 1920s - War peace and politics, 1920s - Economics, 1920s - Culture religion, 1920s - People, 1920s - World leaders, 1920s - Entertainers, 1920s - Sports figures

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Main article: History of Vienna Founded around 500 BC Vienna was originally a Celtic settlement: "Uindobona" 'Fair Bottomland'. In 15 BC, Vienna became a Roman frontier city ("Vindobona") guarding the Roman Empire against German tribes to the north. During the Middle Ages, Vienna was home of the Babenberg Dynasty and in 1440 became residence city of the Habsburg Dynasties from where Vienna eventually grew to become the secret capital of the Holy Roman Empire and a cultural center for arts and science, music and fine cuis ...

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Vienna, Vienna - History, Vienna - Historical population, Vienna - Districts, Vienna - Religions, Vienna - Culture, Vienna - Music theatre and opera, Vienna - Museums, Vienna - Architecture, Vienna - Other culture, Vienna - Education, Vienna - Universities, Vienna - International schools, Vienna - Transportation, Vienna - Public transporation, Vienna - Railways, Vienna - Road traffic, Vienna - Air traffic, Vienna - Water transportation, Vienna - Leisure activities, Vienna - Nightlife, Vienna - Viennese coffeehouses, Vienna - Viennese parks and gardens, Vienna - Sport, Vienna - Culinary specialities, Vienna - Food, Vienna - Drink, Vienna - Tourist attractions, Vienna - International organisations in Vienna, Vienna - Twin cities

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In 1961, he became the leader of the ANC's armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (translated as Spear of the Nation, also abbreviated MK), which he co-founded. He co-ordinated a sabotage campaign against military and government targets, and made plans for a possible guerrilla war if sabotage failed to end apartheid. A few decades later, MK did indeed wage a guerrilla war against the regime, especially during the 1980s. Mandela also raised funds for MK abroad, and arranged for pa ...

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Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment

Crossroads was a British television soap opera set in a motel near Birmingham, England. It was first broadcast on ITV between 2 November 1964 and 4 April 1988. Crossroads soap opera - ATV series. Crossroads first aired five days a week, until the ITA decreed that it would go to four airings a week in 1967. In 1979, it moved to three times a week. The location of the Crossroads Motel was a fictional outskirt of Birmingham, "King's Oak" (there are real suburbs Kings Norton and Selly Oak). ...

Including:

• Crossroads soap opera - ATV series
• Crossroads soap opera - Central TV series
• Crossroads soap opera - Crossroads Locations
• Crossroads soap opera - Carlton series
• Crossroads soap opera - Trivia

Read more here: » Crossroads soap opera: Encyclopedia - Crossroads soap opera

Early disc records were originally made of various materials including hard rubber. From 1897 onwards, earlier materials were largely replaced by a rather brittle formula of 25% "shellac" (a material obtained from the excretion of an Indian beetle, a natural plastic), a filler of a cotton compound similar to manila paper, powdered slate and a small amount of a wax lubricant. The mass production of shellac records began in 1898 in Hanover, Germany. Shellac records were the most common until about 1950. Unbreakable records, usually of celluloi ...

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Gramophone record, Gramophone record - Basics, Gramophone record - Common formats, Gramophone record - Less common formats, Gramophone record - Structure of a typical record, Gramophone record - Early history of the medium, Gramophone record - History of the materials, Gramophone record - History of the speeds, Gramophone record - Progress and the War of the Speeds, Gramophone record - Stereo and beyond, Gramophone record - Other developments, Gramophone record - The record mastering and pressing process, Gramophone record - Recording the disc, Gramophone record - Mass producing records, Gramophone record - Packaging and Distribution, Gramophone record - Record Labels, Gramophone record - Disc limitations, Gramophone record - Recording medium comparison, Gramophone record - Beyond the 1990s: Records versus the digital media, Gramophone record - Arguments about sound fidelity, Gramophone record - Disc jockeys, Gramophone record - Creating homemade records, Gramophone record - Studios, Gramophone record - Personal recording devices, Gramophone record - Preservation of disc recordings

Read more here: » Gramophone record: Encyclopedia II - Gramophone record - History of the materials

Swedish authors of worldwide recognition include Carolus Linnaeus, Emanuel Swedenborg, August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Vilhelm Moberg, Harry Martinson and Astrid Lindgren. Many well-known inventions and discoveries, historical and modern, were made by Swedes. Some notable figures are Alfred Nobel, Anders Celsius, Baltzar von Platen, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, John Ericsson, ...

See also:

Sweden, Sweden - History, Sweden - Pre-history, Sweden - Middle Ages, Sweden - A major power, Sweden - Modern history, Sweden - Recent history, Sweden - Politics, Sweden - Energy politics, Sweden - Economy, Sweden - Welfare state, Sweden - Education, Sweden - Geography, Sweden - Counties, Sweden - Provinces, Sweden - Largest cities, Sweden - Demographics, Sweden - Language, Sweden - Culture, Sweden - Swedish Nobel Prize Winners, Sweden - Music, Sweden - Media, Sweden - Holidays, Sweden - Cuisine, Sweden - Sports, Sweden - Religion, Sweden - Miscellaneous topics, Sweden - International rankings, Sweden - Notes

Read more here: » Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Sweden - Culture

Until the 1980s, the AWA was considered one of the top wrestling companies in the world. Verne Gagne had been its biggest star even before he took control of the company, and his position at the top only solidified with him as owner. Feuding against Gene Kiniski, Dr. Bill Miller, Fritz Von Erich, Dr. X (Dick Beyer under a mask), The Crusher, Ray Stevens and Nick Bockwinkel, he won the AWA World Heavyweight Championship 10 times before retiring from in-ring competition in 1981. Gagne was a former amateur-wrestling champion who had earned a sp ...

See also:

American Wrestling Association, American Wrestling Association - History, American Wrestling Association - AWA Superstars of Wrestling, American Wrestling Association - AWA Super Cards & PPV's, American Wrestling Association - AWA Team Challenge Series, American Wrestling Association - AWA Wrestlers, American Wrestling Association - AWA Titles

Read more here: » American Wrestling Association: Encyclopedia II - American Wrestling Association - History

1980s - World Leaders. Chancellor Bruno Kreisky (Austria) Chancellor Fred Sinowatz (Austria) Chancellor Franz Vranitzky (Austria) Prime Minister Bob Hawke (Australia) Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser (Australia) President João Figueiredo (Brazil) President José Sarney (Brazil) Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau (Canada) Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (Canada) General Augusto Pinochet (Chile) Deng Xiaoping (People's Republic o ...

See also:

1980s, 1980s - Trends and Fashions, 1980s - Music, 1980s - Television, 1980s - Film, 1980s - Video Games, 1980s - Others, 1980s - People, 1980s - World Leaders, 1980s - Entertainers, 1980s - Sports figures, 1980s - Films, 1980s - Television, 1980s - Music

Read more here: » 1980s: Encyclopedia II - 1980s - People