1975 - April

In 1998, Pryor won the inaugural Mark Twain Prize for American Humor from the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. According to Former Kennedy Center President Lawrence J. Wilker, "Richard Pryor was selected as the first recipient of the new Mark Twain Prize because as a stand-up comic, writer, and actor, he struck a chord, and a nerve, with America, forcing it to look at large social questions of race and the more tragicomic aspects of the human condition. Though uncompromising in his wit, Pryor, like Twain, projects a generosity of spirit that unites us. They were both trenchant social criti ...

See also:

Richard Pryor, Richard Pryor - Early life and career, Richard Pryor - Mainstream success, Richard Pryor - The freebasing incident and its aftermath, Richard Pryor - Later life, Richard Pryor - Death, Richard Pryor - Remembrance and legacy, Richard Pryor - Personal, Richard Pryor - Discography, Richard Pryor - Compilations and repackagings, Richard Pryor - Filmography

Read more here: » Richard Pryor: Encyclopedia II - Richard Pryor - Later life

In the Middle Ages, the Mongol Empire's campaign against China by Genghis Khan and his army was extremely effective, allowing the Mongols to sweep through large areas. Even if they could not enter some of the more well-fortified cities, they used innovative battle tactics to grab hold of the land and the people: "By concentrating on the field armies, the strongholds had to wait. Of course, smaller fortresses, or ones easily surprised, were taken as they came along. This had two effects. First, it cut off the principal city fr ...

See also:

Siege, Siege - Ancient and medieval siege warfare, Siege - Mongol siege warfare, Siege - Sieges in the age of gunpowder, Siege - Emerging theories on improving fortifications, Siege - New styles of fortresses employed, Siege - Marshal Vauban, Siege - Advent of mobile warfare, Siege - Modern warfare, Siege - Recent sieges, Siege - Police actions, Siege - Bibliography, Siege - Notes

Read more here: » Siege: Encyclopedia II - Siege - Mongol siege warfare

After studying piano at an Aspen music camp, Rice enrolled at the University of Denver, where her father both served as an assistant dean and taught a class called "The Black Experience in America." [4] At age 15, Rice began classes with the goal of becoming a concert pianist. Her plans changed when she noticed that she played not well enough for an international career due to a lack of talent and sufficient practice according to her own statements [5] .When she attended a course on international politics taught by Josef Korbel, the f ...

See also:

Condoleezza Rice, Condoleezza Rice - Childhood, Condoleezza Rice - Education, Condoleezza Rice - Academic career, Condoleezza Rice - Business career, Condoleezza Rice - Political career, Condoleezza Rice - Early phase, Condoleezza Rice - National Security Advisor 2001–2005, Condoleezza Rice - Secretary of State 2005-present, Condoleezza Rice - Future prospects, Condoleezza Rice - Trivia, Condoleezza Rice - Sources

Read more here: » Condoleezza Rice: Encyclopedia II - Condoleezza Rice - Education

Although Chaplin had his major successes in the United States and was a resident from 1914 to 1952, he retained his British nationality. During the era of McCarthyism, Chaplin was accused of "un-American activities" as a suspected communist; and J. Edgar Hoover, who had instructed the FBI to keep extensive files on him, tried to end his United States residency. FBI pressure on Chaplin grew after his 1942 campaign for a second front in the war, and reached a critical level in the late 1940's, when Congressional figures threatened to call him as a witness in hearings. This was never done, probably because of fear of Chaplin's abi ...

See also:

Charlie Chaplin, Charlie Chaplin - Birth, Charlie Chaplin - Childhood, Charlie Chaplin - Stage, Charlie Chaplin - America, Charlie Chaplin - Auteur, Charlie Chaplin - United Artists, Charlie Chaplin - The Great Dictator, Charlie Chaplin - Politics, Charlie Chaplin - McCarthyism, Charlie Chaplin - Academy Award, Charlie Chaplin - Marriages, Charlie Chaplin - Mildred Harris, Charlie Chaplin - Lita Grey, Charlie Chaplin - Oona O'Neill, Charlie Chaplin - Knighted, Charlie Chaplin - Death, Charlie Chaplin - Misinformation, Charlie Chaplin - Legacy, Charlie Chaplin - Media, Charlie Chaplin - Trivia, Charlie Chaplin - Filmography, Charlie Chaplin - Short films as actor, Charlie Chaplin - Feature films, Charlie Chaplin - Notes

Read more here: » Charlie Chaplin: Encyclopedia II - Charlie Chaplin - McCarthyism

Hawking took up Einstein's mantle and solved many of the paradoxes of relativity by theorising the existence of objects with very high mass and zero space with gravity so crushing that they absorb all light and are hence invisible. The theory has since been refined to fall in line with quantum mechanics and with general developments in physics. In addition to academic work, Hawking believed that the average person should have access to these concepts and wrote a series of popular science books. His first book, A Brief History of Ti ...

See also:

Stephen Hawking, Stephen Hawking - Biography, Stephen Hawking - Research fields, Stephen Hawking - Illness, Stephen Hawking - Distinction, Stephen Hawking - Losing an old bet, Stephen Hawking - Awards, Stephen Hawking - Publications, Stephen Hawking - Technical, Stephen Hawking - Popular, Stephen Hawking - Popular culture

Read more here: » Stephen Hawking: Encyclopedia II - Stephen Hawking - Distinction

The Aston Martin V8 is a two-door saloon-type automobile manufactured in the United Kingdom from 1969 to 1990. Aston Martin's customers had been clamouring for an eight-cylinder car for years, so Aston Martin designed a larger 2-door saloon for V8 applications. The engine was not ready, however, so in 1967 the company released the DBS with the straight-6 Vantage engine from the DB6. Two years later, Tadek Marek's V8 was ready, and Aston released the DBS V8. With the demise of the straight-6 Vantage in 1973, the DB ...

Including:

• Aston Martin V8 - DBS V8
• Aston Martin V8 - V8
• Aston Martin V8 - Series 2
• Aston Martin V8 - Series 3
• Aston Martin V8 - Series 4 Oscar India
• Aston Martin V8 - Series 5
• Aston Martin V8 - James Bond

Read more here: » Aston Martin V8: Encyclopedia - Aston Martin V8

R.S.C. Anderlecht - The first years 1908--1935. Founded as Sporting Club Anderlechtois in 1908 by some football fans at the Concordia café (rue d'Aumale in Anderlecht, a municipality of Brussels), the club beat Institut Saint-Georges on its first match (11-8). As they were winning most of their matches, the secretary decided to join the official competition in 1909. They began at the regional level and at the end of the season, they had already qualified to play in the higher division. In 1913, the ...

See also:

R.S.C. Anderlecht, R.S.C. Anderlecht - History, R.S.C. Anderlecht - The first years 1908--1935, R.S.C. Anderlecht - The first titles 1935--1968, R.S.C. Anderlecht - The European years 1968--1984, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Recent years 1984--2005, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Colours and badge, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Stadium, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Supporters, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Current squad, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Players out on loan, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Noted players, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Noted managers, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Chairmen, R.S.C. Anderlecht - Honours, R.S.C. Anderlecht - European competitions

Read more here: » R.S.C. Anderlecht: Encyclopedia II - R.S.C. Anderlecht - History

To discriminate is to make a distinction. There are several meanings of the word, including statistical discrimination, or the actions of a circuit called a `discriminator`. This article addresses the most common colloquial sense of the word, invidious discrimination. That is, to make a distinction between people on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit. Examples include social, racial, religious, sexual, disability, ethnic and age-related discrimination. Discrimination - Government san ...

Including:

• Discrimination - Government sanctioned discrimination
• Discrimination - Ageism
• Discrimination - The paradox of discrimination
• Discrimination - Gender Discrimination

Read more here: » Discrimination: Encyclopedia - Discrimination

Leachman has won numerous awards during her lengthy career. In 1978 she earned the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theatre. She won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1971's The Last Picture Show, based on the bestselling book by Larry McMurtry. She has also won seven primetime and one daytime Emmy Awards and been nominated 20 times for her work in television over the years, most notably as the character of neighbor/landlady/nosy friend Phyllis Lindstrom on the Mary Tyler Moore. The character was ...

See also:

Cloris Leachman, Cloris Leachman - Early Life, Cloris Leachman - Career, Cloris Leachman - Filmography, Cloris Leachman - Television Work

Read more here: » Cloris Leachman: Encyclopedia II - Cloris Leachman - Career

For a full listing of albums and singles, see Jackson 5 discography. The Jackson 5 - Top Ten US and UK singles. The following singles reached the Top Ten on the Billboard Hot 100 or the UK Singles Chart, or #1 on the Billboard R&B singles chart: (all Motown releases) (all CBS releases) The Jackson 5 - Albums. (all Motown releases) 1969: Diana Ross Presents the Jackson ...

See also:

The Jackson 5, The Jackson 5 - History, The Jackson 5 - Early career, The Jackson 5 - Influences, The Jackson 5 - Joining Motown, The Jackson 5 - Jackson 5 discovery credit discrepancy, The Jackson 5 - Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5, The Jackson 5 - Popularization and franchise expansion, The Jackson 5 - Relationships and marriages, The Jackson 5 - Decline, The Jackson 5 - The move to CBS Records, The Jackson 5 - The 1980s and Michael's solo career, The Jackson 5 - Post-history and followers, The Jackson 5 - Miniseries, The Jackson 5 - Personnel, The Jackson 5 - Members, The Jackson 5 - Band personnel, The Jackson 5 - Discography, The Jackson 5 - Top Ten US and UK singles, The Jackson 5 - Albums, The Jackson 5 - Notes

Read more here: » The Jackson 5: Encyclopedia II - The Jackson 5 - Discography

Tasmania - Sport. The dominant sports in Tasmania are cricket and Australian rules football. The Tasmanian Tigers cricket team, which plays home games at Bellerive Oval on the eastern shore, represents the state in limited overs and first-class cricket competitions. Despite its lack of success in national competitions, Tasmania has produced two international cricket stars, David Boon and current Australian captain Ricky Ponting. However in the last few years Tasmanian cricketing quality has increased with them winning the ING One Day Cup in 200 ...

See also:

Tasmania, Tasmania - History, Tasmania - Physical prehistory, Tasmania - Indigenous people, Tasmania - European arrival, Tasmania - World attention, Tasmania - Geography, Tasmania - Government, Tasmania - Politics, Tasmania - Economy, Tasmania - Transport, Tasmania - Culture, Tasmania - Sport, Tasmania - Events, Tasmania - Prominent Tasmanians, Tasmania - Indigenous animals, Tasmania - Thylacine, Tasmania - Tasmanian Devil, Tasmania - Birds, Tasmania - Places in Tasmania

Read more here: » Tasmania: Encyclopedia II - Tasmania - Culture

Being a largely adult-oriented program, Family Guy has become a lightning rod of controversy for its brusque approach to comedy, which deals with politically sensitive topics without enormous concern for the boundaries of good taste—often considered one of the primary reasons for its initial cancellation. Many episodes were trimmed for controversial content, and one episode, "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein," was initially refused airtime on FOX because its plotline—where Peter attempts to convert Chris to Judaism in hopes of makin ...

See also:

Family Guy, Family Guy - Characters, Family Guy - Structural and comedic approach, Family Guy - Episodes, Family Guy - The film, Family Guy - Opening song, Family Guy - Pop Culture References, Family Guy - History, Family Guy - Creation, Family Guy - Initial run, Family Guy - Revival efforts, Family Guy - Return to television, Family Guy - Controversy, Family Guy - Family Guy vs. The Simpsons, Family Guy - Other peers and critics, Family Guy - DVDs, Family Guy - Region 1, Family Guy - Region 2, Family Guy - Region 4, Family Guy - Trivia, Family Guy - Technical details, Family Guy - Podcast

Read more here: » Family Guy: Encyclopedia II - Family Guy - Controversy

Hawking was in the news in July 2004 for presenting a new theory about black holes which goes against his own long-held belief about their behaviour, thus losing a bet he made with Kip Thorne and John Preskill of Caltech. Classically, it can be shown that information crossing the event horizon of a black hole is lost to our universe, and that as a consequence all black holes are identical, beyond their mass, electrical charge and angular velocity (the "no hair theorem"). The problem with this theorem is that it implies the black hole will em ...

See also:

Stephen Hawking, Stephen Hawking - Biography, Stephen Hawking - Research fields, Stephen Hawking - Illness, Stephen Hawking - Distinction, Stephen Hawking - Losing an old bet, Stephen Hawking - Awards, Stephen Hawking - Publications, Stephen Hawking - Technical, Stephen Hawking - Popular, Stephen Hawking - Popular culture

Read more here: » Stephen Hawking: Encyclopedia II - Stephen Hawking - Losing an old bet

Roosevelt's legacies to the U.S. were a greatly expanded role for government in the management of the economy (effectively ending the days of laissez-faire economics), increased government regulation of companies to protect the environment and prevent corruption, a Social Security system which allowed senior citizens to be able to retire with income and benefits, a nation on the winning side of World War II (with a booming wartime economy), and a coalition of voters supporting the Democratic Party which would survive intact until the ...

See also:

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Early life, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Marriage and children, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Political career, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Private crises, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Governor of New York: 1928-1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Election as President, Franklin D. Roosevelt - The First New Deal, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Second New Deal 1935-36, Franklin D. Roosevelt - The second term, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Foreign policy 1933-41, Franklin D. Roosevelt - The path to war, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Pearl Harbor, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Japanese-American internment, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Civil rights and refugees, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Strategy and diplomacy, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Death and posthumous reputation, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Legacy, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Cabinet members, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Supreme Court appointments, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Media, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Online Resources, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Primary Sources, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Scholarly Secondary Sources, Franklin D. Roosevelt - Foreign Policy and World War II

Read more here: » Franklin D. Roosevelt: Encyclopedia II - Franklin D. Roosevelt - Legacy

Portugal has been inhabited for at least 500,000 years, first by Neanderthals and then by homo sapiens. In the early first millennium BCE, several waves of Celts invaded Portugal from central Europe and intermarried with the local Iberian people, forming the Celtiberian ethnic group, with many tribes, such as the Lusitanians, the Calaicians or Gallaeci and the Conii (amongst others less significant tribes such as the Bracari, Celtici, Coelerni, Equaesi, Grovii, Interamici, Leuni, Luanqui, Limici, Narbasi, Nemetati, Paesuri, Quaquerni, Seurbi, Tamagani, Tapoli, Turduli, Tur ...

See also:

History of Portugal, History of Portugal - Portugal, History of Portugal - Early history, History of Portugal - Roman Lusitania, History of Portugal - Germanic kingdoms, History of Portugal - Moorish rule and the Reconquista, History of Portugal - Affirmation of Portugal, History of Portugal - Discoveries Odyssey: Glory of the Empire, History of Portugal - Decline of the Empire, History of Portugal - Pombaline Era, History of Portugal - Crises of the Nineteenth Century, History of Portugal - The First Republic, History of Portugal - New State Estado Novo, History of Portugal - The Third Republic, History of Portugal - Timeline

Read more here: » History of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - History of Portugal - Early history

Swedish authors of worldwide recognition include Carolus Linnaeus, Emanuel Swedenborg, August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Vilhelm Moberg, Harry Martinson and Astrid Lindgren. Many well-known inventions and discoveries, historical and modern, were made by Swedes. Some notable figures are Alfred Nobel, Anders Celsius, Baltzar von Platen, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, John Ericsson, ...

See also:

Sweden, Sweden - History, Sweden - Pre-history, Sweden - Middle Ages, Sweden - A major power, Sweden - Modern history, Sweden - Recent history, Sweden - Politics, Sweden - Energy politics, Sweden - Economy, Sweden - Welfare state, Sweden - Education, Sweden - Geography, Sweden - Counties, Sweden - Provinces, Sweden - Largest cities, Sweden - Demographics, Sweden - Language, Sweden - Culture, Sweden - Swedish Nobel Prize Winners, Sweden - Music, Sweden - Media, Sweden - Holidays, Sweden - Cuisine, Sweden - Sports, Sweden - Religion, Sweden - Miscellaneous topics, Sweden - International rankings, Sweden - Notes

Read more here: » Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Sweden - Culture

Main article: Culture of Vietnam In its early history, Vietnamese writing used Chinese characters. In the 16th century, the Vietnamese developed their own set of characters called Chữ Nôm. The celebrated epic Đoạn trường tân thanh (or Truyện Kiều) by Nguyễn Du is written in Chữ Nôm. During the French colonial period, Quốc Ngữ, the romanized Vietnamese alphabet representation of spoken Vietnamese, became popular ...

See also:

Vietnam, Vietnam - Terminology, Vietnam - History, Vietnam - Politics, Vietnam - Provinces, Vietnam - Geography, Vietnam - Economy, Vietnam - Demographics, Vietnam - Religion, Vietnam - Minorities, Vietnam - Percentage of ethnic Vietnamese, Vietnam - Languages, Vietnam - Culture

Read more here: » Vietnam: Encyclopedia II - Vietnam - Culture

Main article: Economy of Vietnam In 1986, the Sixth Party Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam formally abandoned Marxist economic planning and began introducing market elements as part of a broad economic reform package called "đổi mới" ("Renovation"). In many ways, this followed the Chinese model and achieved similar results. On the one hand, Vietnam achieved around 8% annual GDP growth from 1990 to 1997 and continued at around 7% from 2000 to 2002, making it the world's second-fastest growing economy. Simultaneously, investment grew three-fo ...

See also:

Vietnam, Vietnam - Terminology, Vietnam - History, Vietnam - Politics, Vietnam - Provinces, Vietnam - Geography, Vietnam - Economy, Vietnam - Demographics, Vietnam - Religions, Vietnam - Minorities, Vietnam - Percentage of ethnic Vietnamese, Vietnam - Languages, Vietnam - Culture, Vietnam - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Vietnam: Encyclopedia II - Vietnam - Economy

During the Spanish Civil War, the Falangists fought on the Nationalist side against the Left-led Republic, being the fastest growing party on their side (from a few thousands to some hundred thousand members before the Unification). The command of the party rested upon Manuel Hedilla, as many of the first generation leaders were dead or incarcerated by the Republicans. Among them was Primo de Rivera, incarcerated in Alicante As a result, he was referred to among the leadership as el Ausente, (the Absent One). On 20 November 1936 (a date since known as 20-N in Spain), Primo de Rivera was executed in a Republican prison, g ...

See also:

Falange, Falange - Ideology, Falange - Symbols, Falange - Early History, Falange - Spanish Civil War, Falange - After the war, Falange - Post-Franco era, Falange - Falangism today, Falange - Debate

Read more here: » Falange: Encyclopedia II - Falange - Spanish Civil War

Captain James Thain, the pilot, tried to take off twice, but both attempts were aborted due to a problem with the engines. When a third take off was attempted, at 3:04pm, the plane failed to gain adequate height and crashed into the fence surrounding the airport, then into a house, which was unoccupied at the time. Although the crash was originally blamed on pilot error, it was subsequently found to have been caused by the build-up of slush towards the ends of the runway, causing deceleration of the aircraft and preventing safe flying speed ...

See also:

Munich air disaster, Munich air disaster - Background, Munich air disaster - Cause, Munich air disaster - Manchester United after the crash, Munich air disaster - Tributes, Munich air disaster - Music, Munich air disaster - Film, Munich air disaster - Television, Munich air disaster - Victims, Munich air disaster - Manchester United players, Munich air disaster - Other victims, Munich air disaster - Survivors, Munich air disaster - Manchester United players, Munich air disaster - Other survivors, Munich air disaster - Notes

Read more here: » Munich air disaster: Encyclopedia II - Munich air disaster - Cause

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Public Law 89-10) outlawed the requirement that would-be voters in the United States take literacy tests to qualify to register to vote, and it provided for federal registration of voters in areas that had less than 50% of eligible voters registered. The act also provided for Department of Justice oversight to registration, and the Department's approval for any change in voting law in districts that were composed of at least 5% African-American population. It was signed into law by President Lyndon Johns ...

Including:

• Voting Rights Act - Background
• Voting Rights Act - Legislative History
• Voting Rights Act - Vote count
• Voting Rights Act - Periodic Renewal
• Voting Rights Act - Preclearance
• Voting Rights Act - Jurisdictions that must be precleared
• Voting Rights Act - States
• Voting Rights Act - Counties
• Voting Rights Act - Towns
• Voting Rights Act - No Affirmative Right to Vote

Read more here: » Voting Rights Act: Encyclopedia - Voting Rights Act

LSD is an example of an ergoline derivative. It is commonly produced from lysergic acid, which is made from the tartrate salt of ergotamine, a substance derived from the ergot fungus on rye, or from ergine (lysergic acid amide), a chemical found in morning glory seeds. Although theoretically possible, manufacture of LSD from morning glory seeds is not economically feasible and these seeds have never been found to be a successful star ...

See also:

LSD, LSD - Origin, LSD - Dosage, LSD - Effects, LSD - Physical, LSD - Pharmacological, LSD - Psychological, LSD - Acute duration, LSD - Physical dangers, LSD - Flashbacks, LSD - Psychosis, LSD - Addiction potential, LSD - Possible medical uses, LSD - Chemistry, LSD - Forms of LSD, LSD - Legal status, LSD - LSD in the United States, LSD - Notable people who have commented on the LSD experience, LSD - Chemical, LSD - People, LSD - Other

Read more here: » LSD: Encyclopedia II - LSD - Chemistry