The 1973 oil crisis began in earnest on October 17, 1973, when Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), during the Yom Kippur War, announced that they would no longer ship petroleum to nations that had supported Israel in its conflict with Syria and Egypt -- that is, to the United States and its allies in Western Europe. At around the same time, OPEC members agreed to use their leverage over the world price-setting mechanism for oil in order to quadruple world oil prices. The complete dependence ...

Including:

• 1973 oil crisis - Origins of the 1973 world oil shock
• 1973 oil crisis - World competition over resources
• 1973 oil crisis - Founding of OPEC
• 1973 oil crisis - The Yom Kippur War
• 1973 oil crisis - Arab oil embargo
• 1973 oil crisis - Chronology
• 1973 oil crisis - Immediate economic impact of the embargo
• 1973 oil crisis - Price controls and rationing
• 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand
• 1973 oil crisis - Search for alternatives
• 1973 oil crisis - Macroeconomic effects
• 1973 oil crisis - Perception of the oil industry
• 1973 oil crisis - Effects on international relations
• 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC
• 1973 oil crisis - Notes and references

Read more here: » 1973 oil crisis: Encyclopedia - 1973 oil crisis

On October 16th, 1973, as part of the political strategy that included the Yom Kippur War, OAPEC cut production of oil, and placed an embargo on shipments of crude oil to the West, with the United States and the Netherlands specifically targeted. Also imposed was a boycott of Israel, and price increases. Since oil demand falls little with price rises, prices had to rise dramatically to reduce demand to the new, lower, level of supply. Anticipating this, the market price for oil immediately rose substantially. A world financial system already ...

See also:

1973 oil crisis, 1973 oil crisis - Origins of the 1973 world oil shock, 1973 oil crisis - World competition over resources, 1973 oil crisis - Founding of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - The Yom Kippur War, 1973 oil crisis - Arab oil embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Chronology, 1973 oil crisis - Immediate economic impact of the embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Price controls and rationing, 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand, 1973 oil crisis - Search for alternatives, 1973 oil crisis - Macroeconomic effects, 1973 oil crisis - Perception of the oil industry, 1973 oil crisis - Effects on international relations, 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - Notes and references

Read more here: » 1973 oil crisis: Encyclopedia II - 1973 oil crisis - Arab oil embargo

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries includes many nations that are also in the Arab League. Although most oil sources on Earth are not in nations with Muslim majorities, the fully developed exporting regions are. A politically motivated oil embargo in 1974 (to support Egypt and Syria in their 1973 war against Israel) had drastic economic and political consequences in the United States and Europe. Although such a move would have less impact today, it demonstrates the power of the Islamic world acting in concert, and the key role of religion and ethnicity in the politics ...

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Islamic world, Islamic world - Demographics, Islamic world - History, Islamic world - Important organizations, Islamic world - Main denominations of Islam, Islamic world - Islam in law and ethics, Islamic world - Islam in politics, Islamic world - Conflicts with Israel and the US, Islamic world - Growing polarization, Islamic world - Future

Read more here: » Islamic world: Encyclopedia II - Islamic world - Important organizations

According to Carl Johan Calleman, The forthcoming Venus Transit will coincide with dramatic changes for Islam; “In this new light created by the unification of Venus with the sun, only those aspects of Islam that fully embrace the feminine and the “unbelievers” will be able to survive.”

Read more here: » Venus Transit: A World Shift favouring the East and the Feminine and the disintegration of Islam

Some scholars consider the Saginaw Valley, particularly in the vicinity of Flint, to be the oldest continually inhabited part of Michigan. Regardless of the validity of this claim, the region was home to several Ojibwa tribes at the top of the 19th century, with a particularly significant community established near present-day Montrose. The Flint River had several convenient fording points which became a point of contention among rival tribes, as attested by the presence of a ...

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Flint Michigan, Flint Michigan - History, Flint Michigan - Geography, Flint Michigan - Demographics, Flint Michigan - Crime, Flint Michigan - Education, Flint Michigan - Culture, Flint Michigan - Sports, Flint Michigan - Transportation, Flint Michigan - Famous persons and groups, Flint Michigan - Notes

Read more here: » Flint Michigan: Encyclopedia II - Flint Michigan - History

1970s - Environmentalism. The seventies touched off a mainstream affirmation of the environmental issues early activists from the '60s, such as Rachel Carson, warned about. The moon landing that had occurred at the end of the previous decade transmitted back concrete images of the earth as an integrated, life-supporting system and shaped a public willingness to preserve nature. On April 22, 1970, the United States celebrated its first Earth Day in which over two thousand colleges and universities and roughly ten thousand p ...

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1970s, 1970s - Worldwide trends in the Seventies, 1970s - Economy of the Seventies, 1970s - Oil crisis, 1970s - Social movements, 1970s - Environmentalism, 1970s - Feminism, 1970s - Gay rights, 1970s - Culture during the Seventies, 1970s - Emerging social perspectives in the Seventies, 1970s - The Seventies in music, 1970s - The Seventies in cinema, 1970s - The Seventies in television, 1970s - The Seventies in literature, 1970s - The Seventies in architecture, 1970s - The Seventies in science and philosophy, 1970s - The Seventies in sports, 1970s - The Seventies in technology, 1970s - National issues, 1970s - In the Middle East, 1970s - In Africa, 1970s - In India and Pakistan, 1970s - In Southeast Asia, 1970s - In Japan, 1970s - In the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, 1970s - In the United States, 1970s - In the United Kingdom

Read more here: » 1970s: Encyclopedia II - 1970s - Social movements

Relations between the United States and Iraq remained tense following the Persian Gulf War. In April of 1993 the Iraqi Intelligence Service, it is alleged, attempted to assassinate former President George H. W. Bush during a visit to Kuwait. Kuwaiti security forces apprehended a group of Iraqis at the scene of an alleged bombing attempt. It has been alleged that the charges against Iraq in relation to this event were fabricated [10]. On June 26, 1993, the U.S. launched a missile attack targeting Baghdad intelligence headquarters in retaliation for the at ...

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Saddam Hussein, Saddam Hussein - Youth, Saddam Hussein - Consolidation of power, Saddam Hussein - Consolidation of power, Saddam Hussein - Succession, Saddam Hussein - Saddam Hussein as a secular leader, Saddam Hussein - Foreign affairs, Saddam Hussein - The Iran-Iraq War 1980–1988, Saddam Hussein - Tensions with Kuwait, Saddam Hussein - The Persian Gulf War, Saddam Hussein - Gulf War aftermath, Saddam Hussein - 1991-2003, Saddam Hussein - 2003 Invasion of Iraq, Saddam Hussein - Pursuit and capture, Saddam Hussein - Trials, Saddam Hussein - Personal, Saddam Hussein - Pop Culture, Saddam Hussein - Notes

Read more here: » Saddam Hussein: Encyclopedia II - Saddam Hussein - 1991-2003

References to the oil price are usually either references to the spot price of either WTI/Light Crude as traded on New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) for delivery in Cushing, Oklahoma; or the price of Brent as traded on the International Petroleum Exchange (IPE) for delivery at Sullom Voe. The price of a barrel of oil is highly dependent on both its grade (which is determined by factors such as its specific gravity or API and its sulphur content) and location. The vast majority of oil will not be traded on an exchange but on a over-the-cou ...

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Petroleum, Petroleum - Origin, Petroleum - Biogenic theory, Petroleum - Abiogenic theory, Petroleum - Extraction, Petroleum - Alternate means of producing oil, Petroleum - History, Petroleum - Environmental effects, Petroleum - Future of oil, Petroleum - Classification, Petroleum - Pricing, Petroleum - Top petroleum-producing countries, Petroleum - Petroleum in Military Strategy, Petroleum - Books about the petroleum industry, Petroleum - Films about petroleum, Petroleum - Writers covering the petroleum industry

Read more here: » Petroleum: Encyclopedia II - Petroleum - Pricing

Will we destroy ourselves in ecological catastrophe, human misery, and war? Seismologists and "sensitives" are increasingly talking about major earth changes to come, economic analysts are increasingly talking about a collapse of the global economy, and ecologists are increasingly talking about a breakdown of the entire global ecosystem. Of course we cannot remain in denial about the ecological and political realities on our planet. Somewhere between an ungrounded spiritual escapism based on denial, and a narcissistic preoccupation with gloom and doom, we can choose to intentionally and purposefully envision a brave new world based on the deepest truth of our being. In order to do this we must consciously face our own shadows, seek a genuine hope, commit to rebirth, and open to the light of our guiding truth.

Read more here: » Earth Changes and planetary transformation - the supramental awakening and planetary hope

Sweden has one of the world's highest life expectancies. As of approximately 12 August 2004, the total population of Sweden for the first time exceeded 9,000,000, according to Statistics Sweden. The country's population includes some 17,000 indigenous Samis. Some 50,000 of the ethnic Finns of Sweden also constitute an indigenous minority, although many more of the Sweden Finns descend from 20th century immigrants. Sweden has been transformed from a nation of emigration ending after World War I to a nation of immigration from Wo ...

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Sweden, Sweden - History, Sweden - Pre-history, Sweden - Middle Ages, Sweden - A major power, Sweden - Modern history, Sweden - Recent history, Sweden - Politics, Sweden - Energy politics, Sweden - Economy, Sweden - Welfare state, Sweden - Education, Sweden - Geography, Sweden - Counties, Sweden - Provinces, Sweden - Largest cities, Sweden - Demographics, Sweden - Language, Sweden - Culture, Sweden - Swedish Nobel Prize Winners, Sweden - Music, Sweden - Media, Sweden - Holidays, Sweden - Cuisine, Sweden - Sports, Sweden - Religion, Sweden - Miscellaneous topics, Sweden - International rankings, Sweden - Notes

Read more here: » Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Sweden - Demographics

Swedish authors of worldwide recognition include Carolus Linnaeus, Emanuel Swedenborg, August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Vilhelm Moberg, Harry Martinson and Astrid Lindgren. Many well-known inventions and discoveries, historical and modern, were made by Swedes. Some notable figures are Alfred Nobel, Anders Celsius, Baltzar von Platen, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, John Ericsson, ...

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Sweden, Sweden - History, Sweden - Pre-history, Sweden - Middle Ages, Sweden - A major power, Sweden - Modern history, Sweden - Recent history, Sweden - Politics, Sweden - Energy politics, Sweden - Economy, Sweden - Welfare state, Sweden - Education, Sweden - Geography, Sweden - Counties, Sweden - Provinces, Sweden - Largest cities, Sweden - Demographics, Sweden - Language, Sweden - Culture, Sweden - Swedish Nobel Prize Winners, Sweden - Music, Sweden - Media, Sweden - Holidays, Sweden - Cuisine, Sweden - Sports, Sweden - Religion, Sweden - Miscellaneous topics, Sweden - International rankings, Sweden - Notes

Read more here: » Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Sweden - Culture

General Motors (GM) was founded in 1908 in Flint, Michigan as a holding company for Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant, and acquired Oldsmobile later that year. The next year, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, and Oakland. In 1909, General Motors acquired the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessor of GMC Truck. A Rapid become the first truck to conquer Pikes Peak in 1909. During the 1920s and 1930s, General Motors bought out the bus company Yellow Coach, helped create Greyhound bus lines, replaced ...

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General Motors, General Motors - History, General Motors - General Motors Hughes Electronics, General Motors - Corporate structure and issues, General Motors - Social policies, General Motors - Subsidies, General Motors - Marketing problems, General Motors - Financial woes, General Motors - Plant locations, General Motors - Alternative vehicles, General Motors - GM in China

Read more here: » General Motors: Encyclopedia II - General Motors - History

Saddam married Sajida Talfah in 1958. Sajida is the daughter of Khairallah Talfah, Saddam's uncle and mentor. Their marriage was arranged when Saddam was 5 and Sajida was 7, however, the two didn't meet until their wedding; they were married in Egypt during his exile. They had two sons (Uday and Qusay) and three daughters, Rana, Raghad and Hala. Uday controlled the media, and was named Journalist of the Century by the Iraqi Union of Journalists. Qusay ran the elite Republican Guard, and was considered Saddam's heir. Both brothers made a fort ...

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Saddam Hussein, Saddam Hussein - Youth, Saddam Hussein - Consolidation of power, Saddam Hussein - Consolidation of power, Saddam Hussein - Succession, Saddam Hussein - Saddam Hussein as a secular leader, Saddam Hussein - Foreign affairs, Saddam Hussein - The Iran-Iraq War 1980–1988, Saddam Hussein - Tensions with Kuwait, Saddam Hussein - The Persian Gulf War, Saddam Hussein - Gulf War aftermath, Saddam Hussein - 1991-2003, Saddam Hussein - 2003 Invasion of Iraq, Saddam Hussein - Pursuit and capture, Saddam Hussein - Trials, Saddam Hussein - Personal, Saddam Hussein - Pop Culture, Saddam Hussein - Notes

Read more here: » Saddam Hussein: Encyclopedia II - Saddam Hussein - Personal

Deployment of solar power depends largely upon local conditions and requirements. But as all industrialised nations share a need for electricity, it is clear that solar power will increasingly be used to supply a cheap, reliable electricity supply. Several experimental photovoltaic (PV) power plants of 300 to 600 kW capacity are connected to electricity grids in Europe and the U.S. Other major research is investigating economic ways to store the energy which is collected from the sun's rays during th ...

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Solar power, Solar power - Energy from the Sun, Solar power - Classification, Solar power - Method of energy transformation, Solar power - Complexity of mechanism, Solar power - Focus type, Solar power - Types of technologies, Solar power - Solar design in architecture, Solar power - Solar heating systems, Solar power - Photovoltaic cells, Solar power - Solar thermal electric power plants, Solar power - Solar chemical, Solar power - Solar cooking, Solar power - Solar lighting, Solar power - Energy storage, Solar power - Deployment of solar power, Solar power - Africa, Solar power - Asia and Australia, Solar power - Europe, Solar power - North America

Read more here: » Solar power: Encyclopedia II - Solar power - Deployment of solar power

It has been argued that, because we cannot understand advanced civilizations, we cannot predict their behavior; thus, Kardashev's visualization may not reflect what will actually occur for an advanced civilization. This central argument is found within the book Evolving the Alien: The Science of Extraterrestrial Life[1] It is also possible that the unique conditions on Earth allow for specific technologies to develop which w ...

See also:

Kardashev scale, Kardashev scale - Usage and examples, Kardashev scale - Possible timeline, Kardashev scale - Function as a teleology, Kardashev scale - Weakness by supposition?, Kardashev scale - Counter-argument: abundance of alternative sources, Kardashev scale - Civilization implications, Kardashev scale - Contact constraints, Kardashev scale - Hypothetical extensions, Kardashev scale - Fictional extensions, Kardashev scale - Hypothetical futures, Kardashev scale - Type I, Kardashev scale - Type II, Kardashev scale - Type III, Kardashev scale - Type IV & V, Kardashev scale - Current values, Kardashev scale - Literature describing different Kardashev Types, Kardashev scale - Connections with sociology and anthropology, Kardashev scale - Notes

Read more here: » Kardashev scale: Encyclopedia II - Kardashev scale - Weakness by supposition?

These categorizations are not firm, and are neither complete nor absolute. Science fiction writers do not specifically write their works with Kardashev classification in mind. Type I 3001: The Final Odyssey, by Arthur C. Clarke The Fountains of Paradise, by Arthur C. Clarke The Mars trilogy, by Kim Stanley Robinson The United Federation of Planets, from Star Trek The Empire of Man from the CoDominium universe, by Jerry Pournelle Type II T ...

See also:

Kardashev scale, Kardashev scale - Usage and examples, Kardashev scale - Possible timeline, Kardashev scale - Function as a teleology, Kardashev scale - Weakness by supposition?, Kardashev scale - Counter-argument: abundance of alternative sources, Kardashev scale - Civilization implications, Kardashev scale - Contact constraints, Kardashev scale - Hypothetical extensions, Kardashev scale - Fictional extensions, Kardashev scale - Hypothetical futures, Kardashev scale - Type I, Kardashev scale - Type II, Kardashev scale - Type III, Kardashev scale - Type IV & V, Kardashev scale - Current values, Kardashev scale - Literature describing different Kardashev Types, Kardashev scale - Connections with sociology and anthropology, Kardashev scale - Notes

Read more here: » Kardashev scale: Encyclopedia II - Kardashev scale - Literature describing different Kardashev Types

Carlos Saúl Menem (born July 2, 1930) was President of Argentina from July 8, 1989 to December 10, 1999 for the Justicialist Party (Peronist). Carlos Menem - Background. He was born into the Muslim family of Saúl Menem and Mohibe Akil, Syrian immigrants in the small town of Anillaco, in the Argentine province of La Rioja. He was trained as a lawyer at the University of Córdoba and became a supporter of Juan Perón. Menem campaigned for political prisoners and was arrested in 1957 for suppor ...

Including:

• Carlos Menem - Background
• Carlos Menem - Political career
• Carlos Menem - President
• Carlos Menem - Continuing political career
• Carlos Menem - Corruption charges

Read more here: » Carlos Menem: Encyclopedia - Carlos Menem

1973 oil crisis - World competition over resources. The Arab-Israeli conflict triggered an energy crisis in the making. Before the embargo, the industrialized West, especially the United States, had taken cheap and plentiful petroleum for granted. (Indeed, the form American cities took after World War II - with expansive suburbs full of detached, single-family homes - depended on the automobile as the principal means of transportation - a form that consumes oil en masse as fuel.) Between 1945 and the late ...

See also:

1973 oil crisis, 1973 oil crisis - Origins of the 1973 world oil shock, 1973 oil crisis - World competition over resources, 1973 oil crisis - Founding of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - The Yom Kippur War, 1973 oil crisis - Arab oil embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Chronology, 1973 oil crisis - Immediate economic impact of the embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Price controls and rationing, 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand, 1973 oil crisis - Search for alternatives, 1973 oil crisis - Macroeconomic effects, 1973 oil crisis - Perception of the oil industry, 1973 oil crisis - Effects on international relations, 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - Notes and references

Read more here: » 1973 oil crisis: Encyclopedia II - 1973 oil crisis - Origins of the 1973 world oil shock

Since 1973, OPEC failed to hold on to its preeminent position, and by 1981, its production was surpassed by that of other countries. Additionally, its own member nations were divided among themselves. Saudi Arabia, trying to gain back market share, increased production and caused downward pressure on prices, making high-cost oil production facilities less profitable or even unprofitable. The world price of oil, which had reached a peak in 1979, at more than US$80 a barrel (503 US$/m³) in 2004 dollars, decreased during the early 1980s to US$ ...

See also:

1973 oil crisis, 1973 oil crisis - Origins of the 1973 world oil shock, 1973 oil crisis - World competition over resources, 1973 oil crisis - Founding of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - The Yom Kippur War, 1973 oil crisis - Arab oil embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Chronology, 1973 oil crisis - Immediate economic impact of the embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Price controls and rationing, 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand, 1973 oil crisis - Search for alternatives, 1973 oil crisis - Macroeconomic effects, 1973 oil crisis - Perception of the oil industry, 1973 oil crisis - Effects on international relations, 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - Notes and references

Read more here: » 1973 oil crisis: Encyclopedia II - 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC

Since 1973, OPEC failed to hold on to its preeminent position, and by 1981 its production was surpassed by that of other countries. Additionally, its own member nations were divided among themselves. Saudi Arabia, trying to gain back market share and to make the most expensive oil production facilities less profitable or even unprofitable, exerted pressure toward lowering prices. The world price of oil, which had reached a peak in 1979, at more than US$80 a barrel (503 US$/m³) in 2004 dollars, decreased during the early 1980s to US$38 a bar ...

See also:

1973 oil crisis, 1973 oil crisis - Origins of the 1973 world oil shock, 1973 oil crisis - World competition over resources, 1973 oil crisis - Founding of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - The Yom Kippur War, 1973 oil crisis - Arab oil embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Chronology, 1973 oil crisis - Immediate economic impact of the embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Price controls and rationing, 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand, 1973 oil crisis - Search for alternatives, 1973 oil crisis - Macroeconomic effects, 1973 oil crisis - Perception of the oil industry, 1973 oil crisis - Effects on international relations, 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - Notes and references

Read more here: » 1973 oil crisis: Encyclopedia II - 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC