The 1973 oil crisis began in earnest on October 17, 1973, when Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), during the Yom Kippur War, announced that they would no longer ship petroleum to nations that had supported Israel in its conflict with Syria and Egypt -- that is, to the United States and its allies in Western Europe. At around the same time, OPEC members agreed to use their leverage over the world price-setting mechanism for oil in order to quadruple world oil prices. The complete dependence ...

Including:

1973 oil crisis - Origins of the 1973 world oil shock
1973 oil crisis - World competition over resources 1973 oil crisis - Founding of OPEC 1973 oil crisis - The Yom Kippur War
1973 oil crisis - Arab oil embargo
1973 oil crisis - Chronology
1973 oil crisis - Immediate economic impact of the embargo 1973 oil crisis - Price controls and rationing 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand 1973 oil crisis - Search for alternatives 1973 oil crisis - Macroeconomic effects 1973 oil crisis - Perception of the oil industry 1973 oil crisis - Effects on international relations 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC 1973 oil crisis - Notes and references

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1973 oil crisis, 1973 oil crisis - Origins of the 1973 world oil shock, 1973 oil crisis - World competition over resources, 1973 oil crisis - Founding of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - The Yom Kippur War, 1973 oil crisis - Arab oil embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Chronology, 1973 oil crisis - Immediate economic impact of the embargo, 1973 oil crisis - Price controls and rationing, 1973 oil crisis - Conservation and reduction in demand, 1973 oil crisis - Search for alternatives, 1973 oil crisis - Macroeconomic effects, 1973 oil crisis - Perception of the oil industry, 1973 oil crisis - Effects on international relations, 1973 oil crisis - Decline of OPEC, 1973 oil crisis - Notes and references

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A boycott is a refusal to buy, sell, or otherwise trade with an individual or business who is generally believed by the participants in the boycott to be doing something morally wrong. It may sometimes be labelled as an "embargo" by its proponents. This wrong can be stated in any terms, and is not always one that is widespread. A boycott may be oriented towards shaming offenders rather than punishing them economically, depending on its duration and scope. When long-term and widespread, a boycott is just one of many tactics in m ...

Including:

Boycott - Origins of the word Boycott - Earlier practice Boycott - Application and uses Boycott - Legality

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The word boycott entered the English language during the Irish "Land War" and is derived from the name of Captain Charles Boycott, the estate agent of an absentee landlord, the Earl of Erne, in County Mayo, Ireland who was subject to social ostracisation organized by the Irish Land League in 1880. In September that year protesting tenants demanded from Boycott a substantial reduction in their rents. He not only refused but also ejected them from the land. The Irish Land League proposed that, rather than resorting to violence, e ...

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Boycott, Boycott - Origins of the word, Boycott - Earlier practice, Boycott - Application and uses, Boycott - Legality

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The word boycott is derived from Captain Charles Boycott, an English evicting land agent in Ireland who was subject to social excommunication organized by the Irish Land League in 1880. According to an account in the book The Fall of Feudalism in Ireland by Michael Davitt, the term was coined by Fr. John O' Malley from County Mayo to 'signify ostracism applied to a landlord or agent like Boycott'. Boycott, an agent of Lord Erne in County Mayo, was unable to hire anyone to harvest his crops. Eventually 50 Irish Uni ...

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Boycott, Boycott - Origins of the word, Boycott - Earlier practice, Boycott - Application and uses, Boycott - Legality

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1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. Informally, it can also include a few years at the end of the preceding decade or the beginning of the following decade. The United States, which had become an influential global power, experienced much of the transition. While the sixties saw social activism, society became more self-absorbed in the seventies. Analyst and writer Tom Wolfe epitomized this feeling in 1976, calling the seventies th ...

Including:

1970s - Worldwide trends in the Seventies 1970s - Economy of the Seventies
1970s - Oil crisis
1970s - Social movements
1970s - Environmentalism 1970s - Feminism 1970s - Gay rights
1970s - Culture during the Seventies
1970s - Emerging social perspectives in the Seventies 1970s - The Seventies in music 1970s - The Seventies in cinema 1970s - The Seventies in television 1970s - The Seventies in literature 1970s - The Seventies in architecture 1970s - The Seventies in science and philosophy 1970s - The Seventies in sports 1970s - The Seventies in technology
1970s - National issues
1970s - In the Middle East 1970s - In Africa 1970s - In India and Pakistan 1970s - In Southeast Asia 1970s - In Japan 1970s - In the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc 1970s - In the United States 1970s - In the United Kingdom

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While boycotts are generally legal in developed countries, some restrictions may apply. For instance, it may be unlawful for a union to order the boycott of companies that supply items to the organization. ...

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Boycott, Boycott - Origins of the word, Boycott - Earlier practice, Boycott - Application and uses, Boycott - Legality

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Although the term itself was not coined until 1880, the practice dates back to at least 1830, when the National Negro Convention encouraged a boycott of slave-produced goods. Other instances of boycotts are their use by African Americans during the US civil rights movement; the United Farm Workers union grape and lettuce boycotts; the American boycott of British goods at the time of the American Revolution; the Indian boycott of British goods organized by Mohandas Gandhi; and the Arab League boycott of Israel and companies trading with Israe ...

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Boycott, Boycott - Origins of the word, Boycott - Earlier practice, Boycott - Application and uses, Boycott - Legality

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A boat is an informal (although once widely used) term for the massive cars produced by the Detroit manufacturers during the 1950s and onward. The age of the boats came to a rather abrupt end in the early 1970s, when the first gas crisis hit and driving a needlessly large car became impractical financially. The term (possibly) derives from the fact that the vehicles in question were indeed the size of small watercraft. Another possible explanation is the tendancy of these cars to 'float' on ...

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Boat car - History Boat car - Economics Boat car - Rebirth

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A boycott is normally considered a one-time affair designed to correct an outstanding single wrong. When extended for a long period of time, or as part of an overall program of awareness-raising or reforms to laws or regimes, a boycott is part of moral purchasing, and those economic or political terms are to be preferred. Most organized consumer boycotts today are focused on long-term change of buying habits, and so fit into part of a larger political program, with many techniques that require a longer structural commitment, e.g. refo ...

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Boycott, Boycott - Origins of the word, Boycott - Earlier practice, Boycott - Application and uses, Boycott - Legality

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Economic relations of Japan - Asia. The developing nations of Asia grew rapidly as suppliers to and buyers from Japan. In 1990 these sources (including South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, and other countries in Southeast Asia) accounted for 28.8 percent of Japan's exports, a share well below the 34 percent value of 1960 but one that had been roughly constant since 1970. In 1990 developing Asian countries provided 23 percent of Japa ...

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Economic relations of Japan, Economic relations of Japan - Postwar development, Economic relations of Japan - 1960s, Economic relations of Japan - 1970s, Economic relations of Japan - 1980s, Economic relations of Japan - Foreign Investment, Economic relations of Japan - Relations by region, Economic relations of Japan - Asia, Economic relations of Japan - Middle East, Economic relations of Japan - Western Europe, Economic relations of Japan - Latin America, Economic relations of Japan - International Trade and Development Institutions, Economic relations of Japan - Reference

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The Bytham River is now considered to have been the route taken by the first humans to colonise Britain, around or before 500,000 years ago, when southern and eastern Britain was linked to continental Europe by a wide land bridge. Though many traces of the major river valley associated with the Bytham are thought to have vanished during the Anglian Ice Age it originally stretched from the area near Birmingham and drained the Midlands in the Early-Middle Pleistocene period. The Bytham flowed eastwards from the West Midlands and Southern Penni ...

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History of Sheffield, History of Sheffield - Pre-Anglo-Saxon History of the Sheffield Area, History of Sheffield - Anglo-Saxon and Norman Sheffield, History of Sheffield - Mediaeval Sheffield, History of Sheffield - Industrial Sheffield, History of Sheffield - The 20th century to the present, History of Sheffield - Notes

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Houston Texas - Houston's founding. In the mid-1800s, two brothers who were New York real estate promoters, John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen, sought a location where they could begin building "a great center of government and commerce." In August 1836, they purchased 6,642 acres (27 km²) of land from T. F. L. Parrot, John Austin's widow, for $9,428. The Allen brothers named their town after Sam Houston and eventually persuad ...

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Houston Texas, Houston Texas - History, Houston Texas - Houston's founding, Houston Texas - Early settlers, Houston Texas - 20th century, Houston Texas - The new millennium, Houston Texas - Geography and climate, Houston Texas - Geography, Houston Texas - Geology, Houston Texas - Climate, Houston Texas - Economy, Houston Texas - Government and politics, Houston Texas - Demographics, Houston Texas - People and culture, Houston Texas - A cosmopolitan city, Houston Texas - Health and fitness, Houston Texas - Cultural institutions, Houston Texas - Local attractions, Houston Texas - Architecture, Houston Texas - Downtown Houston, Houston Texas - Uptown Houston, Houston Texas - Districts and communities, Houston Texas - Healthcare and medical research, Houston Texas - Transportation, Houston Texas - Highways, Houston Texas - Mass transit, Houston Texas - Airports, Houston Texas - Education, Houston Texas - Colleges and universities, Houston Texas - Public schools and libraries, Houston Texas - Private schools, Houston Texas - Professional sports, Houston Texas - Media and entertainment, Houston Texas - Sister cities, Houston Texas - Sources

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History of Poland 1945–1989 - Wartime devastation. Poland suffered enormous losses during World War II. While in 1939 Poland had 35.1 million inhabitants, the census of February 14, 1946 showed only 23.9 million. Over ninety percent of Poland's capital was destroyed in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising. Poland, still a predominantly agricultural country compared to Western nations, suffered catastrophic damage to its infrastruc ...

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History of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Wartime devastation, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Consolidation of Communist power 1945–1948, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Bierut era 1948–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Minorities in Poland after the War, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Communist reform 1956–1970, History of Poland 1945–1989 - De-Stalinization, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gomułka period, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gierek era 1970–1980, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The end of Communist rule 1980–1990, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Changes in Polish society, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Notes

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Speed limit - Australia. Speed limits in Australia range from 10 km/h (6.25 mph) Shared Zones to 110 km/h (68.75 mph). Speed limit signage is always displayed in km/h, and speeds increase or decrease by a minimum interval of 10 km/h. That is, the last digit in all speed signs will be a zero, excepting advisory speed signs for curves or other road obstacles, which end in the digit five. The general "rules of thumb" are: Shared zones (areas where pedestrians and motorised traffic share the same ...

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Speed limit, Speed limit - Signage, Speed limit - Design speed, Speed limit - 85th percentile rule, Speed limit - Variable speed limits, Speed limit - Opposition, Speed limit - Speed limits in specific countries, Speed limit - Australia, Speed limit - Canada, Speed limit - China, Speed limit - Europe, Speed limit - India, Speed limit - New Zealand, Speed limit - United States, Speed limit - Enforcement, Speed limit - Safety and efficacy, Speed limit - Essential physics, Speed limit - Speed limits actual speeds and aggregate safety, Speed limit - Speed and crash factors, Speed limit - Roads without speed limits, Speed limit - Footnotes

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When Egypt and Syria attacked the Sinai and the Golan Heights, respectively, on the night of October 6, 1973, the Western world was stunned. Iraq had also sent some troops. With their dramatic successes early in the war, Arab nations also issued a warning that they would stop all oil shipments to any nation that assisted Israel in defense. However, it soon became clear that Israel was in desperate need of supplies if they were to repulse the attack, and on October 9, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir issued a personal appeal for assistance. ...

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Operation Nickel Grass, Operation Nickel Grass - Operation, Operation Nickel Grass - Effects

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The ancient Greeks and Romans used solar design features in their housing, but the first passive solar houses of the modern era were built in Germany after the first world war, when the Allies occupied the Ruhr area, including most of Germany's coal mines. These designs were studied in the United States, but had little influence on builders. The first passive solar house in the US was designed in 1940 by George F. Keck for a Chicago area real estate developer named Howard Sloan. Keck had designed an all-glass house for the 1933 Centur ...

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Passive solar, Passive solar - History, Passive solar - Types, Passive solar - Techniques of collection, Passive solar - Elements of Design, Passive solar - Related Methods and Techniques

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In the 1890s, the Milwaukee's directors increasingly felt that they had to extend the railroad to the Pacific in order to remain competitive with other roads. A survey in 1901 estimated costs to build to the Pacific Northwest as $45 million. In 1905, the board approved the Pacific Extension, now estimated at $60 million. Construction began in 1906 and was completed in 1909. The route chosen was to be 80 miles shorter than the shortest competitor's, as well as better grades than many. It was an expensive route, however, since the Milwaukee, r ...

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Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - History, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - Expansion, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - Electrification, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - Postwar, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - 1960s, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - Early 1970s, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - De-electrification, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - Decline to bankruptcy, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - Regional railroad 1981-1985, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - Trivia, Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Railroad - Passenger train service

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Custom dictated that Whitlam should have waited until the process of vote counting was complete, and then called a Caucus meeting to elect his Ministers ready to be sworn in by the Governor-General. Meanwhile, the outgoing Prime Minister would remain in office as a caretaker. (As a matter of longstanding party policy, ALP Ministers are elected by the entire Parliamentary Party—the 'Caucus'—with the Prime Minister only having the power to assign portfolios. Liberal Prime Ministers, in contrast, have traditionall ...

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Gough Whitlam, Gough Whitlam - Early career, Gough Whitlam - Opposition leader, Gough Whitlam - Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam - The Dismissal, Gough Whitlam - The Whitlam government assessed, Gough Whitlam - Out of office, Gough Whitlam - Honours

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(see also energy development, future energy development and renewable energy development) Nuclear energy use has been growing steadily since the 1970s and the early 1980s. The growth slowed in the 1980s because of environmentalist opposition, high interest rates, and energy conservation prompted by the oil shock in 1973, and the energy crisis in 1979 and the accidents at Three Mile Island in 1979 and Chernobyl [1]. Several countries, especially European countries have abandoned the use of nuclear energy since then. [2] In 2000, there were 438 commercial nuclear generat ...

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Nuclear energy policy, Nuclear energy policy - International use of nuclear energy, Nuclear energy policy - Africa, Nuclear energy policy - Asia, Nuclear energy policy - Oceania, Nuclear energy policy - Europe, Nuclear energy policy - North America, Nuclear energy policy - South America, Nuclear energy policy - Nuclear power phase-out, Nuclear energy policy - Discussion of nuclear energy, Nuclear energy policy - Arguments against nuclear energy, Nuclear energy policy - Arguments for nuclear energy, Nuclear energy policy - Further Readings

Read more here: » Nuclear energy policy: Encyclopedia II - Nuclear energy policy - International use of nuclear energy