1955 - July

1909: On February 12, the National Negro Committee was formed. Founders included Ida Wells-Barnett, W.E.B. DuBois, Henry Moskowitz, Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison Villiard, William English Walling. 1910: The NAACP began court fights with the Pink Franklin case. It involved a black farmhand, who killed a policeman in self-defense when the officer broke into his home at 3 a.m. to arrest him on a civil charge. 1913: The NAACP protested President Woodrow Wilson's official introduction of segr ...

See also:

NAACP, NAACP - Organization, NAACP - History, NAACP - Fighting Jim Crow, NAACP - Desegregation, NAACP - The 1990s: Crisis and restored strength, NAACP - Critics and supporters, NAACP - Bush declines to speak to the NAACP, NAACP - Timeline, NAACP - Influential court cases, NAACP - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » NAACP: Encyclopedia II - NAACP - Timeline

The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK; Korean chosŏn'gŭl: 조선로동당; hanja: 朝鮮勞動黨; McCune-Reischauer: Chosŏn Rodong-dang; revised: Joseon Rodong-dang) is the ruling party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly known as North Korea. It is also called the Korean Workers' Party (KWP). The WPK has been the ruling party in the DPRK since 1946, and has had only two leaders, Kim Il-sung (1946–1994) and his son, Kim Jong-il (since 1994). The party is widely viewed by foreigner ...

Including:

• Workers' Party of Korea - History
• Workers' Party of Korea - Origins
• Workers' Party of Korea - Factions in the WPK
• Workers' Party of Korea - Purge of the Domestic faction
• Workers' Party of Korea - The August Incident and aftermath
• Workers' Party of Korea - Sino-Soviet Split and North Korea
• Workers' Party of Korea - Juche and Kim Il-sung as supreme leader
• Workers' Party of Korea - The rise of Kim Jong-il
• Workers' Party of Korea - Structure
• Workers' Party of Korea - Symbol
• Workers' Party of Korea - External link

Read more here: » Workers' Party of Korea: Encyclopedia - Workers' Party of Korea

Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001), an American electrical engineer and mathematician, has been called "the father of information theory", and was the founder of practical digital circuit design theory. Claude Elwood Shannon - Biography. Shannon was born in Gaylord, Michigan and was a distant relative of Thomas Edison. While growing up, he worked as a messenger for Western Union. In 1932, Shannon entered the University of Michigan, where he eventually took a course that intr ...

Including:

• Claude Elwood Shannon - Biography
• Claude Elwood Shannon - Shannon's computer chess program
• Claude Elwood Shannon - Awards and honors

Read more here: » Claude Elwood Shannon: Encyclopedia - Claude Elwood Shannon

ENIAC received a lot of press for its sheer size, but in some ways it was not the state-of-the-art of its era. Unlike Konrad Zuse's Z3 of 1941 and Howard Aiken's MARK I of 1944 it had to be rewired to run a new program (Z3 and MARK I read their programs off a tape). Furthermore, unlike Z3 and most modern computers, ENIAC's registers performed decimal arithmetic rather than binary. The idea of the stored-program computer came during the development of the ENIAC, but it was not implemented because (1) the machine was to be completed quickly so that it could aid in the war effort, and (2) it was realized that 20 storage locations for memory ...

See also:

ENIAC, ENIAC - Description

Read more here: » ENIAC: Encyclopedia II - ENIAC - Description

Joan adopted six children, according to L.A. Times articles from the time, though she kept only four. The first was Christina (born June 11, 1939), whom Crawford adopted in 1940 while she was single. The second was Christopher (born April 1941), whom Joan adopted in June of that year. In 1942, Christopher's biological mother found out where he was and managed to get him back. The third child was an 8-year-old named Phillip Terry, Jr. (born 1935), whom Joan and then husband Phillip Terry adopted in April 1943, but did not keep. The fou ...

See also:

Joan Crawford, Joan Crawford - Early life, Joan Crawford - Career, Joan Crawford - Marriages, Joan Crawford - Adopted children, Joan Crawford - Religion, Joan Crawford - Work at Pepsi, Joan Crawford - Final Years, Joan Crawford - Legacy, Joan Crawford - In pop culture, Joan Crawford - Filmography

Read more here: » Joan Crawford: Encyclopedia II - Joan Crawford - Adopted children

By the 1960s and 1970s, as a consequence of its massive, international growth in the post-World War II era, the Church was no longer primarily a Utah-based church, but a world-wide organization. The church, mirroring the world around it, felt the disunifying strains of alien cultures and diverse points of view that had brought an end to the idealistic modern age. At the same time, the postmodern world was increasingly skeptical of traditional religion and authority, and driven by mass-media and public image. These influences awoke within the ...

See also:

History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Migration to Utah and Colonization of the West c. 1846 to c. 1856, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Brigham Young's early theocratic leadership, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - The Church's attempt to restructure society on the fringes of the United States c. 1856 to c. 1890, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - The Mormon Reformation, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Early political conflicts between Mormons and outsiders, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Brigham Young's later years, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Polygamy and the United States Mormon question, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - The Church and the modern world c. 1890 to c. 1960, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - The beginnings of Mormon involvement in and attention to national politics, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - The effect of modernism on Mormon doctrine, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - The beginnings of the Church bureaucracy, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - The Church and Lamanites, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Reacting and Adapting to the Postmodern World c. 1960 and later, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Latter-day Saint ecumenism, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Emerging Multiculturalism, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Centralization of Church Structure, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Making Church Participation More Convenient, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Reacting to pluralism, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - The Church and the Information Age

Read more here: » History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Encyclopedia II - History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Reacting and Adapting to the Postmodern World c. 1960 and later

A flood (in Old English flod, a word common to Teutonic languages; compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float) is an overflow of water, an expanse of water submerging land, a deluge. In the sense of "flowing water", the word is applied to the inflow of the tide, as opposed to the outflow or "ebb". The Flood, the great Universal Deluge of myth and perhaps o ...

Including:

• Flood - Main causes
• Flood - Flood defenses planning and management
• Flood - Significant modern floods
• Flood - Prevention

Read more here: » Flood: Encyclopedia - Flood

The shadow is an unconscious complex that is defined as the diametrical opposite of the conscious self, the ego. The shadow represents everything that the conscious person does not wish to acknowledge within themselves. For instance, someone who identifies as being kind has a shadow that is harsh or unkind. Conversely, an individual who is brutal has a kind shadow. The shadow of persons who are convinced tha ...

See also:

Carl Jung, Carl Jung - Jungian psychology, Carl Jung - The collective unconscious, Carl Jung - The shadow, Carl Jung - Anima and Animus, Carl Jung - Jung's life, Carl Jung - Jung and Freud, Carl Jung - Psychological Types, Carl Jung - Psychological Types – another view:, Carl Jung - Influence, Carl Jung - Spiritualism as a cure for alcoholism, Carl Jung - Influences on culture, Carl Jung - Recommended Reading, Carl Jung - Jung bibliography

Read more here: » Carl Jung: Encyclopedia II - Carl Jung - The shadow

Huxley wrote many screenplays, and many of his novels were later adapted for film or television. Notable works include the original screenplay for Disney's animated Alice in Wonderland, two productions of Brave New World, one of Point Counter Point, one of Eyeless in Gaza, and one of Ape and Essence. He was one of the screenwriters for the 1940 version of Pride and Prejudice and co-wrote the screenplay for the 1944 version of Jane Eyre with John Houseman. Director Ken Russell's 1971 fil ...

See also:

Aldous Huxley, Aldous Huxley - Biography, Aldous Huxley - Early years, Aldous Huxley - Middle years, Aldous Huxley - Later years, Aldous Huxley - Death and afterwards, Aldous Huxley - Films, Aldous Huxley - Selected works, Aldous Huxley - Novels, Aldous Huxley - Short stories, Aldous Huxley - Poetry, Aldous Huxley - Travel writing, Aldous Huxley - Essays, Aldous Huxley - Philosophy, Aldous Huxley - Biography, Aldous Huxley - Children's literature, Aldous Huxley - Collections, Aldous Huxley - Quotes, Aldous Huxley - Trivia

Read more here: » Aldous Huxley: Encyclopedia II - Aldous Huxley - Films

Buenos Aires is the financial, industrial, commercial, and cultural hub of Argentina. Its port is one of the busiest in the world; navigable rivers connect it to north-east Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. As a result, it serves as the distribution hub for a vast area of the south-eastern region of the continent. To the west of Buenos Aires is the Pampa Húmeda, the most productive agricultural region of Argentina (as opposed to the dry southern pampa, mostly used for cattle farms). Meat, dairy, grain, tobacco, wool and ...

See also:

Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires - Population, Buenos Aires - Economy, Buenos Aires - History, Buenos Aires - Culture, Buenos Aires - Language variations, Buenos Aires - Tango, Buenos Aires - Miscellaneous, Buenos Aires - Transportation, Buenos Aires - Barrios, Buenos Aires - Sports, Buenos Aires - Internet, Buenos Aires - Tourist attractions and places of interest

Read more here: » Buenos Aires: Encyclopedia II - Buenos Aires - Economy

Taylor received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1992. The following year, 1993, she received the AFI Life Achievement Award. And in 2002, she was a Kennedy Center Honoree. In 1999, she was awarded a DBE by the British government and Queen Elizabeth II. Though she was thrilled with this honor, Taylor cracked, "I've always been a broad, now I'm a dame." In 2001, U.S. President Bill Clinton awarded her the Presidential Citizens Medal in recognition of her commitment to philanthropy. It is the second-highest civilian honor in the United States, awarded to U.S. citizens "who have performed exemplary d ...

See also:

Elizabeth Taylor, Elizabeth Taylor - Early life and career, Elizabeth Taylor - Mature career and marriages, Elizabeth Taylor - Other interests, Elizabeth Taylor - Awards and honours, Elizabeth Taylor - Recent years, Elizabeth Taylor - Filmography

Read more here: » Elizabeth Taylor: Encyclopedia II - Elizabeth Taylor - Awards and honours

Windhoek, Namibia Windhoek (pronounced «VINT hook» or «VUNT (h)ook») is the capital of Namibia, 22.56 S 17.09 E. It has a population of 230,000 and is a major trade centre of sheep skins. Windhoek was originally the centre of a Nama chief, who defeated the Herero inhabitants of the region in the 19th century. Germany occupied the region in 1885, and it became the seat of colonial rule in 1892, as the capital of the colony of South-West Africa. During World War I, Windhoek was captured by South African troo ...

Including:

• Windhoek - History
• Windhoek - Transportation in the city
• Windhoek - Windhoek International Airport WDH
• Windhoek - Eros Airport
• Windhoek - Climate
• Windhoek - Restaurants

Read more here: » Windhoek: Encyclopedia - Windhoek

Born Issur Danielovitch Demsky in Amsterdam, New York to Herschel Danielovitch and Bryna Sanglel, poor Belarusian Jewish parents (who came from Homel, also known as Gomel). He was on the wrestling team at St. Lawrence University. To help make his way through college, he thought getting an acting scholarship might work. His talents got him noticed at the acclaimed American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City, where he soon received a scholarship, along side classmate Betty Joan Perske (better, and soon to be known as Lauren Bacal ...

See also:

Kirk Douglas, Kirk Douglas - Early Life, Kirk Douglas - Career, Kirk Douglas - Filmography, Kirk Douglas - Bibliography, Kirk Douglas - External link

Read more here: » Kirk Douglas: Encyclopedia II - Kirk Douglas - Early Life

Maha Thray Sithu U Thant (January 22, 1909 – November 25, 1974) was a Burmese diplomat and the third Secretary-General of the United Nations, from 1961 to 1971. He was chosen for the post when the then Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld was killed in an air crash in September 1961. To date, he is the only Asian to have served as UN Secretary-General. 'U' is an honorific in Burmese, roughly equal to 'Mister'. Thant was his only name. In Burmese he was known as Pantanaw U Thant, Pantanaw being the name of his home town. "Maha Thray Sithu" is a title, similar to a ...

Including:

• U Thant - Secretary General
• U Thant - Death

Read more here: » U Thant: Encyclopedia - U Thant

Rosario is ruled by an Executive Branch represented by a Mayor (seat: Palacio de los Leones), and a Legislative Branch, consisting of a Deliberative Council (seat: Palacio Vassallo). The Mayor is elected for a four-year term. The Council renews half of its 21 members every two years. The city is divided into six large administrative districts (Center, North, Northwest, West, Southwest, and South), with Municipal District Centers that provide services to the citizens. Local people and institutions are pushing the provincial gove ...

See also:

Rosario, Rosario - History, Rosario - Institutions, Rosario - Government, Rosario - Geography and urban structure, Rosario - Climate and natural hazards, Rosario - Transportation, Rosario - Communications, Rosario - Culture, Rosario - Notable people from Rosario, Rosario - Language, Rosario - Holidays, Rosario - Events, Rosario - Sources

Read more here: » Rosario: Encyclopedia II - Rosario - Government

The NAACP's headquarters is in Baltimore, Maryland, with additional regional offices in California, New York, Michigan, Missouri, Georgia, Texas, and Maryland. Each regional office is responsible for coordinating the efforts of state conferences in the states included in that region. Local, youth, and college chapters organize activities for individual members. The NAACP is governed nationally by a 64-member board of directors led by a chairman. The board elects one person as the president and chief executive officer for the organizat ...

See also:

NAACP, NAACP - Organization, NAACP - History, NAACP - Fighting Jim Crow, NAACP - Desegregation, NAACP - The 1990s: Crisis and restored strength, NAACP - Critics and supporters, NAACP - Bush declines to speak to the NAACP, NAACP - Timeline, NAACP - Influential court cases, NAACP - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » NAACP: Encyclopedia II - NAACP - Organization

As the War drew to an end, he began searching for a seat to fight at the impending general election. Eventually he was selected for Ormskirk, which was then held by Stephen King-Hall. Wilson accidentally agreed to be adopted as the candidate immediately rather than delay until the election was called, and was therefore compelled to resign from the Civil Service. He used the time in between to write A New Deal for Coal which used his wartime experience to argue for nationalisation of the ...

See also:

Harold Wilson, Harold Wilson - Birth and Early Life, Harold Wilson - In Parliament, Harold Wilson - Opposition, Harold Wilson - Prime Minister, Harold Wilson - Resignation, Harold Wilson - Death, Harold Wilson - MI5 plot?, Harold Wilson - Other conspiracy theories, Harold Wilson - Harold Wilson's First Cabinet 1964-1970, Harold Wilson - Harold Wilson's Second Government March 1974 - April 1976, Harold Wilson - Changes, Harold Wilson - Titles from birth to death

Read more here: » Harold Wilson: Encyclopedia II - Harold Wilson - In Parliament

After the 1954 Security hearings, Oppenheimer is reported to have been "like a wounded animal", and he started to retreat to a simpler life. In 1957, he purchased a piece of land on Gibney Beach in the island of St John in the Virgin Islands. He built a spartan vacation home on the beach, where he would spend holidays, usually months at a time, with his wife Kitty. Oppenheimer also spent a considerable amount of time sailing with his wife. Upon their death, the property was inherited by their daughter Toni, who then left it to "the people of ...

See also:

Robert Oppenheimer, Robert Oppenheimer - Early life and education, Robert Oppenheimer - Europe, Robert Oppenheimer - California, Robert Oppenheimer - Radical politics, Robert Oppenheimer - The Manhattan Project, Robert Oppenheimer - Los Alamos, Robert Oppenheimer - Trinity, Robert Oppenheimer - Japan, Robert Oppenheimer - Postwar activities, Robert Oppenheimer - Atomic Energy Commission, Robert Oppenheimer - Security hearings, Robert Oppenheimer - Institute for Advanced Study, Robert Oppenheimer - Final years, Robert Oppenheimer - Legacy, Robert Oppenheimer - Notes, Robert Oppenheimer - On Oppenheimer's first initial

Read more here: » Robert Oppenheimer: Encyclopedia II - Robert Oppenheimer - Final years

|| +853 20 December 1999 The Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區; Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区; short form Macau or Macao (澳門, Pinyin: Àomén; also informally known as 馬交; see Names) is a small territory on the southern coast of China. Administered by Portugal until 1999, it was the oldest European colony in China, dating to the 16th century. The ...

Including:

• Macau - Names
• Macau - History
• Macau - Politics
• Macau - Subdivisions
• Macau - Geography
• Macau - Economy
• Macau - Demographics
• Macau - Culture
• Macau - Landmarks
• Macau - Miscellaneous
• Macau - Macau-related topics

Read more here: » Macau: Encyclopedia - Macau

After the coup, the military is faced with the issue of the type of government to establish. In Latin America, it was common for the post-coup government to be led by a junta, a committee of the chiefs of staff of the various armed forces. A common form of African post-coup government is the revolutionary assembly, a quasi-legislative body made of members elected by the army. In Pakistan, the military leader ...

See also:

Coup d'état, Coup d'état - History, Coup d'état - Recent forms of coup, Coup d'état - Types of coups, Coup d'état - Post-military-coup governments, Coup d'état - Important coups in the 19th century, Coup d'état - Important coups in the 20th century, Coup d'état - Recent coups and coup attempts, Coup d'état - Currently-serving leaders who came to power via coups, Coup d'état - Reference

Read more here: » Coup d'état: Encyclopedia II - Coup d'état - Post-military-coup governments

The idea for a Christmas Message from the Sovereign to the Commonwealth was originally mooted in 1932 by the founding father of the BBC, Sir John Reith. The idea of the speech was to inaugurate the then Empire Service, which is now known as the BBC World Service. The first Royal Christmas Message was issued by George V in 1932. The King was originally hesitant about using the relatively untried medium of radio to issue a Christmas Message. However he was reassured by a visit to the BBC in the summer of 1932, and agreed to try out the ...

See also:

Royal Christmas Message, Royal Christmas Message - History, Royal Christmas Message - Messages by year, Royal Christmas Message - The 1995 Christmas Message BBC, Royal Christmas Message - The 1996 Christmas Message BBC, Royal Christmas Message - The 1997 Christmas Message ITN, Royal Christmas Message - The 2001 Christmas Message ITN, Royal Christmas Message - The 2003 Christmas Message ITN, Royal Christmas Message - The 2004 Christmas Message BBC, Royal Christmas Message - The 2005 Christmas Message ITN, Royal Christmas Message - Alternative Christmas message, Royal Christmas Message - List of Alternative Message Presenters, Royal Christmas Message - 2004 Alternative Message, Royal Christmas Message - 2005 Alternative Message, Royal Christmas Message - Elsewhere

Read more here: » Royal Christmas Message: Encyclopedia II - Royal Christmas Message - History

Best Production 1927-28 Wings - Paramount Famous Lasky - Lucien Hubbard The Racket - Caddo, United Artists - Howard Hughes Seventh Heaven - Fox - William Fox Best Picture, Unique and Artistic Production also known as "Best Artistic Quality of Production" was only presented in the first year. 1927-28 Sunrise - Fox - William Fox Chang - Paramount - Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack The Crowd - ...

See also:

Academy Award for Best Picture, Academy Award for Best Picture - 1920s, Academy Award for Best Picture - 1930s, Academy Award for Best Picture - 1940s, Academy Award for Best Picture - 1950s, Academy Award for Best Picture - 1960s, Academy Award for Best Picture - 1970s, Academy Award for Best Picture - 1980s, Academy Award for Best Picture - 1990s, Academy Award for Best Picture - 2000s

Read more here: » Academy Award for Best Picture: Encyclopedia II - Academy Award for Best Picture - 1920s