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1950s - Others | A Wisdom Archive on 1950s - Others | | 1950s - Others A selection of articles related to 1950s - Others | |
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1950s, 1950s - Culture, religion, 1950s - Economics, 1950s - Entertainers, 1950s - Events and trends, 1950s - Others, 1950s - People, 1950s - Science, 1950s - Sports figures, 1950s - War, peace, and politics, 1950s - World leaders, United States in the 1950s, List of rock and roll albums in the 1950s
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ARTICLES RELATED TO 1950s - Others | | | |  1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - Electronic organ - The 1950s and 1960s
Electronic organ - The spinet organ.
Following World War II, most electronic home organs were built in a configuration usually called a spinet organ, which first appeared in 1949. These compact and relatively inexpensive instruments became the natural successors to the reed organs. They were marketed as competitors of home pianos and often aimed at would-be home organists who were already pianists (hence the name "spinet," a small upright piano). The instrument's design reflected this concept: the spinet organ ph ...
See also:Electronic organ, Electronic organ - Early history, Electronic organ - The 1950s and 1960s, Electronic organ - The spinet organ, Electronic organ - The chord organ, Electronic organ - The console organ, Electronic organ - Frequency divider organs, Electronic organ - The modern electronic organ Read more here: » Electronic organ: Encyclopedia II - Electronic organ - The 1950s and 1960s |
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of management techniques - 19th century developed by innovators like Eli Whitney, James Watt, and Matthew Boulton
middle of the 19th century - human element with theories of worker training, motivation, organizational structure and span of control introduced by Robert Owen, Henry Poor, and M. Laughlin and others..
late 19th century - a new layer of complexity to the theoretical underpinings of management introduced by marginal economists Alfred Marshall and Leon Walras and others ..
1900 we find managers trying to place their theories on a thoro ...
See also:Timeline of management techniques, Timeline of management techniques - Ancient, Timeline of management techniques - 5th - 17th centuries, Timeline of management techniques - 1800s, Timeline of management techniques - 19th century, Timeline of management techniques - 1910s, Timeline of management techniques - 1920s, Timeline of management techniques - 1930s, Timeline of management techniques - 1950s, Timeline of management techniques - 1960s, Timeline of management techniques - 1970s, Timeline of management techniques - 1980s, Timeline of management techniques - 1990s, Timeline of management techniques - 2000s, Timeline of management techniques - Still undated Read more here: » Timeline of management techniques: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of management techniques - 19th century |
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - Psychotherapy - History Most psychotherapies are either direct descendants of psychoanalysis, or their founders started out in areas of psychoanalysis before developing their own theories. Therefore, when describing the history of psychotherapy, most traditionally start with Freud.
Psychotherapy - Psychoanalysis.
Although there are some bodies of thought in psychology without Sigmund Freud in their legacy, most can be traced back to his work starting in the 1880s in Vienna. Trained as a neurologist, Freud began noticing neurologi ...
See also:Psychotherapy, Psychotherapy - General description, Psychotherapy - History, Psychotherapy - Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy - Cognitive, Psychotherapy - Humanistic, Psychotherapy - Behavioral, Psychotherapy - Brief counseling, Psychotherapy - Schools and approaches, Psychotherapy - Therapeutic Relationship, Psychotherapy - Criticism, Psychotherapy - Related lists Read more here: » Psychotherapy: Encyclopedia II - Psychotherapy - History |
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - Gulag - History From 1918 camp-type detention facilities were set up, as a reformed extension of earlier labour camps (katorgas), operated in Siberia as a part of penal system in Imperial Russia. The two main types were "Vechecka Special-purpose Camps" ("особые лагеря ВЧК") and forced labor camps (лагеря принудительных работ). They were installed for various categories of people deemed dangerous for the state: for common criminals, for prisoners of the Russian Civil War, for officials accused of corruption, sabotage and embezzlement, various political enemies and dissidents, as well as former aristocrats, b ...
See also:Gulag, Gulag - Terminology, Gulag - Variety, Gulag - History, Gulag - Conditions, Gulag - Geography, Gulag - Influence, Gulag - Culture, Gulag - Colonization, Gulag - Life after term served, Gulag - Latest developments, Gulag - People, Gulag - Wikisource Read more here: » Gulag: Encyclopedia II - Gulag - History |
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia - Alan Watts Alan Wilson Watts (January 6, 1915 – November 16, 1973) was a philosopher, writer, speaker, and expert in comparative religion. He wrote over twenty-five books and numerous articles on subjects such as personal identity, the true nature of reality, consciousness and the pursuit of happiness, relating his experience to scientific knowledge and to the teachings of Eastern and Western religions or philosophies (Zen Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Hinduism). Beyond this, he was sensitive to certain new leanings in the West, and was in a ...
Including:
Read more here: » Alan Watts: Encyclopedia - Alan Watts |
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| | |  1950s - Others: Spirit World and Electronic Voice PhenomenaElectronic
Voice Phenomena
Juergenson
was a film producer in Sweden who, in 1959 while making a documentary, had
decided to tape bird songs. As he began recording, little did he realize that
what was to follow would change the course of not only his earthly life but of
that he would lead in the world beyond after his death. When he played the tape
back he was startled to hear, in among the tweeting and chirping, his mother's
voice say in German, "Friedrich, you are being watched. Friedel, my little
Friedel, can you hear me?"
An
in-depth article about Electronic Voice Phenomena.
Read more here: » Electronic
Voice Phenomena: Spirit World and Electronic Voice Phenomena |
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - Film industry - Film theory Film theory seeks to develop concise, systematic concepts that apply to the study of film/cinema as art. Classical film theory provides a structural framework to address classical issues of techniques, narrativity, diegesis, cinematic codes, "the image", genre, subjectivity, and authorship. More recent analysis has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Film industry - History.
The Italian futurist Ricciotto Canudo (1879-1923) is considered t ...
See also:Film industry, Film industry - History of film, Film industry - Origins of motion picture arts and sciences, Film industry - Protean developments, Film industry - The silent era, Film industry - The Sound Era & The Golden Age of Hollywood, Film industry - The 1940s: the war and post-war years, Film industry - The 1950s: Widescreen 70mm Stereo and even 3D, Film industry - The 1960s, Film industry - The 1970s, Film industry - The '80s: sequels blockbusters and videotape, Film industry - The Digital Age, Film industry - The '90s and new Millenium: technical advances, Film industry - Film theory, Film industry - History, Film industry - Specific theories styles and movements in film, Film industry - Film criticism, Film industry - The motion picture industry, Film industry - Stages of filmmaking, Film industry - Development, Film industry - Preproduction, Film industry - Production, Film industry - Post-production, Film industry - Distribution, Film industry - Film crew, Film industry - Production Team, Film industry - Primary Production Artists, Film industry - Camera and lighting, Film industry - Production sound, Film industry - Postproduction picture, Film industry - Postproduction sound, Film industry - Independent filmmaking, Film industry - Animation, Film industry - Film venues, Film industry - Development of film technology, Film industry - Endurance of films, Film industry - Wikibooks, Film industry - Basic types of film, Film industry - Lists, Film industry - Other Read more here: » Film industry: Encyclopedia II - Film industry - Film theory |
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| | |  1950s - Others:
New Age
Spirituality Dictionary on Ghost Dance
Ghost Dance A new religious movement among Native Americans of the western United States. The Ghost Dance had two distinct phases, both of which originated in the visions of a Paiute shaman living in western Nevada. The Ghost Dance of 1870: Wodziwob (d. ca. 1872), the prophet of the 1870 dance, proclaimed that the world would soon be destroyed, then renewed; the dead would be brought back to life and game animals restored. He instructed his followers to dance a nocturnal circle dance. This dance was similar to both older Paiute traditions and an earlier regional movement, the Plateau Prophet Dance, but it addressed very present conditions of deprivation resulting from white incursions into tribal territories. It spread to California, Oregon, and Idaho but, with the death of Wodziwob and the nonfulfillment of his prophecies, died out within a few years. The Shoshone and Bannock of Fort Hall, Idaho, however, continued to perform the Ghost Dance at least intermittently up to 1890. The Ghost Dance of 1890: Wovoka (ca. 1856-1932), a Paiute Native American prophet, inaugurated the Ghost Dance of 1890 on the basis of a vision he had received during a total eclipse of the sun. His message was in direct continuity with the 1870 dance: there was to be an immanent renewal of the world in which dead Native Americans would be resurrected and the living would no longer be subject to sickness and old age, game animals would be restored to their former abundance, and the old way of life would once more flourish. Euro-Americans, by this time firmly in control, would be eliminated by supernatural means, such as a flood or earthquake. It is uncertain whether Wovoka announced a specific date for these events, but many expected them in the spring of 1891. Wovoka's message also contained ethical admonitions (e. g. , members of different tribes should live in peace with each other; they should cooperate with, not war against, the whites). In anticipation of the great event and to speed its arrival, Wovoka instructed his followers to perform circle dances periodically. They did so in large numbers, and (especially among Plains tribes) dancers often fell into trances, subsequently reporting that they had visited the spirit world and spoken with dead relatives, who were living a life like the one that had flourished before the coming of the whites. The 1890 dance spread mainly eastward along the length of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains. In some tribes (e. g. , Paiute, Cheyenne, Shoshone, Pawnee) acceptance was almost unanimous; in others (like the Sioux) only segments of the population became believers. No Pueblo (except at Taos) or Navajo accepted it, the latter because of a culturally conditioned aversion to ghosts. As news of the Paiute prophet Wovoka began to spread, tribes sent delegations to the Walker Lake Reservation in western Nevada to see him. They returned with versions of his teachings that were sometimes shaped by the particular needs of their tribe. Among the Pawnee, the dance provided the basis for an important cultural renewal, for the visions of the dancers made possible the revival of old ceremonial activities that had fallen into disuse because knowledge of their correct performance had been lost. The Sioux, who had a number of current grievances against the government (e. g. , loss of reservation lands, cuts in rations), altered Wovoka's message in the direction of greater hostility toward the whites. Delegates like Short Bull and Kicking Bear advocated the use of "ghost shirts" (special garments that were supposed to make the wearer invulnerable to bullets) and spoke of the possibility of armed conflict with the government soldiers. During 1890, newspapers around the country carried often sensational stories about the "messiah craze" (Wovoka was often called the "Indian messiah") and the possibility of renewed warfare with the Sioux. Violence did erupt in December: during an attempt to arrest him, Chief Sitting Bull was shot to death, and Chief Big Foot and almost three hundred of his band were massacred by the cavalry at Wounded Knee. These events were more the result of government blunders than of a Sioux outbreak. Following the violence among the Sioux and the failure of the expected transformations the next spring, the popularity of the dance began to fade. However, it did not die out altogether. Wovoka remained active, but shifted his message in the direction of ethical admonitions. As late as 1896 some Kiowa were still dancing, and one of the early Northern Cheyenne delegates, Porcupine, led a brief revival of the dance in 1900. The movement continued elsewhere in a more substantive way. In the first decade of the twentieth century, Fred Robinson, an Assiniboin who had been instructed in the Ghost Dance by Kicking Bear and had corresponded with Wovoka, brought the dance to a small community of Sioux living in Saskatchewan. Combined with a traditional Medicine Feast, apocalyptic elements disappeared and the themes of ethical admonition and community solidarity predominated. Among the Wind River Shoshone (Wyoming), the Ghost Dance apparently combined with an earlier ceremony (the Father Dance) of thanksgiving to God for food. As a result, the annual renewal of nature took on a cosmic dimension: shamans reported dreams in which they saw the dead assembled in heaven waiting to return to earth at some unspecified time in the future. The people on earth anticipated this event and performed a dance thought to imitate that of the dead. In both these places the Ghost Dance continued to be performed into the 1950s. In the 1970s the dance was revived by the activist American Indian Movement. Even among persons and groups who no longer practice it, knowledge of the Ghost Dance has not died out and lessons are still derived from it. Thus ca. 1970 the Sioux medicine man Lame Deer reinterpreted an old Ghost Dance song about straightening arrows and killing and butchering buffalo to mean that individuals must live upright lives in order to help bring about a new earth.
(See
also: Ghost Dance ,
New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - Yeti - History For hundreds of years, natives in the Himalays have been telling stories about a humanoid monster that wanders around the mountain range. However, occasional reports of an ape-like creature in the Himalayas only began filtering to the west in the 1800s, mainly by British explorers [1].
In 1832, Journal of the Asiatic society of Bengal published the account of B. H. Hodgson, who wrote that while trekking in northern Nepal, his native guides spotted a tall, bipedal creature covered with long dark hair, then fled in fear. Hodgson did not see the creature, bu ...
See also:Yeti, Yeti - History, Yeti - Analyses, Yeti - The yeti in popular culture Read more here: » Yeti: Encyclopedia II - Yeti - History |
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - Mad magazine - Imitators and variants Mad has had many imitators through the years. The three most durable of these were CRACKED, Sick, and Crazy. Most others were short-lived exercises, such as Zany (4 issues), Frantic (2 issues), Ratfink (1 issue), Nuts! (2 issues), Get Lost (3 issues), Whack (3 issues), Wild (5 issues), Madhouse (8 issues), Riot (6 issues), Flip (2 issues), Eh! (7 issues), and Gag! (1 issue). Even EC Comics joined the parade with a sister humor maga ...
See also:Mad magazine, Mad magazine - History, Mad magazine - Recurring features, Mad magazine - Mad fold-ins, Mad magazine - The Lighter Side of..., Mad magazine - Spy vs. Spy, Mad magazine - Don Martin gags, Mad magazine - A MAD Look At..., Mad magazine - Monroe, Mad magazine - Movie and TV show parodies, Mad magazine - Others, Mad magazine - Alfred E. Neuman, Mad magazine - Recurring images and references, Mad magazine - Contributors and controversy, Mad magazine - Awards, Mad magazine - Mad merchandising, Mad magazine - Imitators and variants, Mad magazine - Some of the Usual Gang of Idiots, Mad magazine - Some of the Unusual Gang of Idiots, Mad magazine - Recurring subsections, Mad magazine - Table of Contents, Mad magazine - Letters and Tomatoes Dept., Mad magazine - The Fundalini Pages, Mad magazine - Newer additions, Mad magazine - The MAD 20, Mad magazine - Mad v. Supreme Court Read more here: » Mad magazine: Encyclopedia II - Mad magazine - Imitators and variants |
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - Exeter - History The Latin name for Exeter, Isca Dumnoniorum , suggests that the city was originally a Celtic oppidum, or town, on the banks on the River Exe before to the foundation of the Roman city in c. AD 50. Such early towns, or proto-cities, had been a feature of pre-Roman Gaul as described by Julius Caesar in his Gallic Commentaries and it is not improbable that they existed in neighbouring Britain as well. Isca is clearly a Celtic generic noun and the Romans felt the need to label the city Isca Dumnoniorum, or the Isca of the Dumnonii, in order to distinguish it from such settlements as Isca Silurum (modern ...
See also:Exeter, Exeter - Situation, Exeter - Economy, Exeter - History, Exeter - Politics and administration, Exeter - Notable Buildings, Exeter - Culture, Exeter - Literature, Exeter - Theatre, Exeter - Music, Exeter - Museums and galleries, Exeter - Newspapers, Exeter - Twin towns, Exeter - Colleges and Universities, Exeter - Sports, Exeter - Transport, Exeter - Road, Exeter - Rail, Exeter - Air Read more here: » Exeter: Encyclopedia II - Exeter - History |
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - Zen - Zen and Western culture Since the 1930s in the United Kingdom, and at least since the Beatnik movement of the 1950s in the United States, the West has had a growing interest in Zen. Often, it has been diluted or used as a brand name, leading to criticism of Western appreciation for Buddhism. However, there is some genuine interest as well.
In Europe, the Expressionist and Dada movements in art tend to have much in common thematically with the study of koans and actual Zen. The early French surrealist René Daumal translated ...
See also:Zen, Zen - Spread of Zen, Zen - Zen in Japan, Zen - Zen and Buddhism, Zen - Zen teachings and practices, Zen - Zazen, Zen - The teacher, Zen - Koan practice, Zen - Radical teachings, Zen - Zen and Western culture, Zen - Zen in Films, Zen - American Zen Read more here: » Zen: Encyclopedia II - Zen - Zen and Western culture |
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - Feminism - Effects of feminism in the West Some feminists would argue that there is still much to be done on these fronts, while others would disagree and claim that the battle has basically been won.
Feminism - Effects on civil rights.
Feminism has effected many changes in Western society, including women's suffrage; broad employment for women at more equitable wages; the right to initiate divorce proceedings and the introduction of "no fault" divorce; the right to keep children from their fathers, the right to obtain contraception and safe aborti ...
See also:Feminism, Feminism - Origins, Feminism - Feminism in many forms, Feminism - Subtypes of feminism, Feminism - Relationship to other movements, Feminism - Effects of feminism in the West, Feminism - Effects on civil rights, Feminism - Effect on language, Feminism - Effect on heterosexual relationships, Feminism - Effect on religion, Feminism - Effect on moral education, Feminism - Effects of feminism in the East, Feminism - Worldwide statistics, Feminism - Perspective: the nature of the modern movement, Feminism - Contemporary criticisms of feminism, Feminism - Famous feminists, Feminism - Books Read more here: » Feminism: Encyclopedia II - Feminism - Effects of feminism in the West |
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| | | | 1950s - Others: Encyclopedia II - London in film - 20th Century Edwardian London has been depicted in several films, notably the Ealing comedy Kind Hearts and Coronets in 1949, the Merchant Ivory E.M. Forster adaptation Howards End (1992) and the biopic Young Winston (1972).
Wartime London has featured in many films, with The Man Who Loved Redheads and Zeppelin (1971) among those set during the First World War. The 1943 film The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp covered 40 years in the city, including the Edwardian era, the First World War and the Second Wor ...
See also:London in film, London in film - Historical London, London in film - Pre-Victorian London, London in film - Victorian London, London in film - 20th Century, London in film - Ealing Comedies, London in film - Swinging London, London in film - Romantic London, London in film - Thrillers, London in film - London Underground, London in film - Science fiction, London in film - Criminals, London in film - The other side of London, London in film - Kids London, London in film - Musical London Read more here: » London in film: Encyclopedia II - London in film - 20th Century |
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