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1932 - Events
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ARTICLES RELATED TO 1932 - Events

1932 - Events: Encyclopedia - 1932

1932 (MCMXXXII) is a leap year starting on Friday. 1932 - Events. 1932 - January-February. January 3 - British arrest and intern Mohandas Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel January 8 - In Britain the Archbishop of Canterbury forbids church remarriage of divorcees January 12 - Hattie W. Caraway becomes the first woman elected to the United States Senate January 14 - Maurice Ravel's Concerto in G (Ravel) debuts with pia ...

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1932 - Events

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Read more here: » 1932: Encyclopedia - 1932

1932 - Events: Encyclopedia II - 1932 - Events

1932 - January-February. January 3 - British arrest and intern Mohandas Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel January 8 - In Britain the Archbishop of Canterbury forbids church remarriage of divorcees January 12 - Hattie W. Caraway becomes the first woman elected to the United States Senate January 14 - Maurice Ravel's Concerto in G (Ravel) debuts with piano soloist Marguerite Long and Ravel conducting the Lamoureux Orchestra January 15 - Pierre Laval f ...

This dance was similar to both older Paiute traditions and an earlier regional movement, the Plateau Prophet Dance, but it addressed very present conditions of deprivation resulting from white incursions into tribal territories. It spread to California, Oregon, and Idaho but, with the death of Wodziwob and the nonfulfillment of his prophecies, died out within a few years. The Shoshone and Bannock of Fort Hall, Idaho, however, continued to perform the Ghost Dance at least intermittently up to 1890.

The Ghost Dance of 1890: Wovoka (ca. 1856-1932), a Paiute Native American prophet, inaugurated the Ghost Dance of 1890 on the basis of a vision he had received during a total eclipse of the sun. His message was in direct continuity with the 1870 dance: there was to be an immanent renewal of the world in which dead Native Americans would be resurrected and the living would no longer be subject to sickness and old age, game animals would be restored to their former abundance, and the old way of life would once more flourish. Euro-Americans, by this time firmly in control, would be eliminated by supernatural means, such as a flood or earthquake. It is uncertain whether Wovoka announced a specific date for these events, but many expected them in the spring of 1891.

Wovoka's message also contained ethical admonitions (e. g. , members of different tribes should live in peace with each other; they should cooperate with, not war against, the whites). In anticipation of the great event and to speed its arrival, Wovoka instructed his followers to perform circle dances periodically. They did so in large numbers, and (especially among Plains tribes) dancers often fell into trances, subsequently reporting that they had visited the spirit world and spoken with dead relatives, who were living a life like the one that had flourished before the coming of the whites. The 1890 dance spread mainly eastward along the length of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains. In some tribes (e. g. , Paiute, Cheyenne, Shoshone, Pawnee) acceptance was almost unanimous; in others (like the Sioux) only segments of the population became believers. No Pueblo (except at Taos) or Navajo accepted it, the latter because of a culturally conditioned aversion to ghosts. As news of the Paiute prophet Wovoka began to spread, tribes sent delegations to the Walker Lake Reservation in western Nevada to see him. They returned with versions of his teachings that were sometimes shaped by the particular needs of their tribe.

Among the Pawnee, the dance provided the basis for an important cultural renewal, for the visions of the dancers made possible the revival of old ceremonial activities that had fallen into disuse because knowledge of their correct performance had been lost. The Sioux, who had a number of current grievances against the government (e. g. , loss of reservation lands, cuts in rations), altered Wovoka's message in the direction of greater hostility toward the whites. Delegates like Short Bull and Kicking Bear advocated the use of "ghost shirts" (special garments that were supposed to make the wearer invulnerable to bullets) and spoke of the possibility of armed conflict with the government soldiers.

During 1890, newspapers around the country carried often sensational stories about the "messiah craze" (Wovoka was often called the "Indian messiah") and the possibility of renewed warfare with the Sioux. Violence did erupt in December: during an attempt to arrest him, Chief Sitting Bull was shot to death, and Chief Big Foot and almost three hundred of his band were massacred by the cavalry at Wounded Knee. These events were more the result of government blunders than of a Sioux outbreak. Following the violence among the Sioux and the failure of the expected transformations the next spring, the popularity of the dance began to fade. However, it did not die out altogether.

Wovoka remained active, but shifted his message in the direction of ethical admonitions. As late as 1896 some Kiowa were still dancing, and one of the early Northern Cheyenne delegates, Porcupine, led a brief revival of the dance in 1900. The movement continued elsewhere in a more substantive way. In the first decade of the twentieth century, Fred Robinson, an Assiniboin who had been instructed in the Ghost Dance by Kicking Bear and had corresponded with Wovoka, brought the dance to a small community of Sioux living in Saskatchewan. Combined with a traditional Medicine Feast, apocalyptic elements disappeared and the themes of ethical admonition and community solidarity predominated.

Among the Wind River Shoshone (Wyoming), the Ghost Dance apparently combined with an earlier ceremony (the Father Dance) of thanksgiving to God for food. As a result, the annual renewal of nature took on a cosmic dimension: shamans reported dreams in which they saw the dead assembled in heaven waiting to return to earth at some unspecified time in the future. The people on earth anticipated this event and performed a dance thought to imitate that of the dead. In both these places the Ghost Dance continued to be performed into the 1950s.

In the 1970s the dance was revived by the activist American Indian Movement. Even among persons and groups who no longer practice it, knowledge of the Ghost Dance has not died out and lessons are still derived from it. Thus ca. 1970 the Sioux medicine man Lame Deer reinterpreted an old Ghost Dance song about straightening arrows and killing and butchering buffalo to mean that individuals must live upright lives in order to help bring about a new earth.

(See also: Ghost Dance , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

1932 - Events: Dictionary of Parapsychology C-D

A dictionary of Parapsycology. Please note that words in grey are hyperlinked to a corresponding archive with articles related to that particular topic.

1932 - Events: Encyclopedia II - 1984 - Events

1984 - January. January 1 - Brunei becomes a fully independent state. January 1 - AT&T is broken up into 24 independent units. January 5 - Richard Stallman starts developing GNU. January 7 - Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). January 9 - Clara Peller is featured in the "Where's the Beef?" commercial campaign for Wendy's for the first time. January 10 - The United States and the Va ...

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1880 - Events

1880 - September - December

1880 - Unknown date

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1880 - Unknown Birth Dates

1880 - Deaths

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1932 - Events: Encyclopedia - 1836

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). 1836 - Events. January - Book by Maria Monk claims that she was sexually exploited in a Canadian convent February 3 - United States Whig Party holds its first convention in Albany, New York. February 23 - The siege of the Alamo begins in San Antonio, Texas. February 24 - Samuel Colt receives a pat ...

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1932 - Events: Encyclopedia - April 25

April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). There are 250 days remaining. April 25 - Events. 1607 - Eighty Years' War: Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. 1707 - An Allied Austrian army is defeated by Bourbon army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession. 1719 - Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe is published. 1792 - Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes t ...

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April 25 - Events

April 25 - Births

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April 25 - Holidays and observances

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1932 - Events: Why Jagrat is a Dream?

The mind creates the dream-world out of the experience and Samskaras of the waking consciousness.

Dream is a reproduction of the experiences of the physical consciousness with some modifications. The mind weaves out the dream creatures out of the material supplied from waking consciousness. In dream the subject and object are one. The perceiver and the perceived are one in this state. The Abhimani of Svapna Avastha is Taijasa. Taijasa is a Vyasthi Abhimani. The Samasthi Abhimani is Hiranyagarbha, the first-born.

A spiritual view on dreams and the meaning of dreams by Sri Swami Sivananda, an authority in the vedic sciences and traditions.

1932 - Events: Encyclopedia II - April 12 - Births

April 12 - 599 BC to 1899. 599 BC - Mahavira, Indian founder of Jainism (d. 527 BC) 812 - Muhammad at-Taqi, Arabian Shia Imam (d. 835) 1484 - Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Italian architect (d. 1546) 1500 - Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar (d. 1574) 1526 - Muretus, French humanist (d. 1585) 1550 - Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, English politician (d. 1604) 1577 - King Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1648) 1713 - Guillaume Thomas ...

1932 - Events

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